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Blended light lamp Number:7,417,377 from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) owispatent

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Title: Blended light lamp

Abstract: The invention relates to a blended light lamp (1) having an incandescent lamp (2) and a gas discharge lamp (3), a rectifier (4), an energy storage means (5) and an ignition device (6). The high-pressure discharge has an operating voltage of 180 V, which can be achieved by filling a discharge vessel of the gas discharge lamp (3) with, in particular, an amount of mercury of 153 micromole/cm.sup.3. In this way a high total luminous flux can be obtained in the operating state.

Patent Number: 7,417,377 Issued on 08/26/2008 to Born,   et al.


Inventors: Born; Matthias (Geldern, DE), Jost; Rudiger (Aachen, DE)
Assignee: Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. (Eindhoven, NL)
Appl. No.: 10/571,829
Filed: September 7, 2004
PCT Filed: September 07, 2004
PCT No.: PCT/IB2004/051697
371(c)(1),(2),(4) Date: March 15, 2006
PCT Pub. No.: WO2005/027588
PCT Pub. Date: March 24, 2005


Foreign Application Priority Data

Sep 18, 2003 [EP] 03103440

Current U.S. Class: 315/51 ; 313/571; 315/209M; 315/312
Current International Class: H01J 13/46 (20060101); H01J 1/62 (20060101)
Field of Search: 315/51,56,200R,201,209M,209CD,291,312 313/571,578,637,639


References Cited [Referenced By]

U.S. Patent Documents
4319157 March 1982 De Vrijer
4350930 September 1982 Peil et al.
4725467 February 1988 Groh et al.
5994847 November 1999 Konopka
6107756 August 2000 Parra
6400087 June 2002 van den Nieuwenhuizen et al.
6674239 January 2004 Westemeyer et al.
6806649 October 2004 Mollema et al.
2003/0006705 January 2003 Alderman et al.
2003/0025455 February 2003 Alderman et al.
2005/0042967 February 2005 Jackson et al.
2005/0073256 April 2005 Jackson et al.
Foreign Patent Documents
32 24575 Feb., 1983 DE
Primary Examiner: Tran; Thuy Vinh
Assistant Examiner: Le; Tung X

Claims



The invention claimed is:

1. A blended light lamp (1) comprising an incandescent lamp (2) and a gas discharge lamp (3), a rectifier (4), an energy storage means (5) and an antenna ignition device (6), characterized in that the gas discharge lamp (3) has a mercury filling of between 76 and 230 micromole/cm.sup.3 and in that the gas discharge lamp (3) has a discharge vessel that comprises an aluminum oxide ceramic and in that, in the operating state, a voltage of between 55% and 95% of the total voltage that is applied across the incandescent lamp in series with the gas discharge lamp is applied to the gas discharge lamp (3).

2. A blended light lamp as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the gas discharge lamp (3) has a mercury filling of between 133 and 173 micromole/cm.sup.3.

3. A blended light lamp as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the gas discharge lamp (3) has a mercury filling of 153 micromole/cm.sup.3.

4. A blended light lamp as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the gas discharge lamp (3) has a filling comprising a mixture of sodium iodide and a rare-earth halide.

5. A blended light lamp as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the gas discharge lamp (3) has a filling comprising TlI.

6. The blended light lamp as claimed in claim 1, wherein the voltage applied to the gas discharge lamp further comprises between 60% and 90% of the total voltage that is applied across the incandescent lamp in series with the gas discharge lamp.

7. The blended light lamp as claimed in claim 6, wherein the voltage applied to the gas discharge lamp still further comprises 82% of the total voltage that is applied across the incandescent lamp in series with the gas discharge lamp.

8. A blended light lamp (1) comprising an incandescent lamp (2) and a gas discharge lamp (3), a rectifier (4), an energy storage means (5) and an antenna ignition device (6), characterized in that the gas discharge lamp (3) has a mercury filling of between 76 and 230 micromole/cm.sup.3 and in that the gas discharge lamp (3) has a discharge vessel that comprises an aluminum oxide ceramic and in that, in the operating state, a voltage of between 55% and 95% of the total voltage that is applied across the incandescent lamp in series with the gas discharge lamp comprises between 160 V and 200 V applied to the gas discharge lamp (3).

9. The blended light lamp as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the operating state, the voltage applied to the gas discharge lamp further comprises between 170 V and 190 V.

10. The blended light lamp as claimed in claim 9, wherein in the operating state, the voltage applied to the gas discharge lamp further comprises 180 V.
Description



The invention relates to a blended light lamp comprising an incandescent lamp and a gas discharge lamp, a rectifier, an energy storage means, and an ignition device.

A simple way of ballasting high-pressure discharge lamps takes the form of the blended light lamp or unitary light source. In this case a tungsten wire, which also acts as an incandescent filament, is connected in series with a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp. A blended light lamp of this kind is known from DE 32 24 575 A1. To start the HID lamp and to keep it operating, there is a considerable amount of electrical circuitry that has to be operated. Also, the life of the HID lamp is very short, which in the end results in the blended light lamp failing.

It is therefore an object of the invention to design a gas discharge lamp such that it can be operated with a simple circuit, and to specify a gas discharge lamp whose expected life is high. Also, the total luminous flux is to be high.

This object is achieved by virtue of the features of claim 1. In accordance with the invention, the gas discharge lamp is filled with 80-230 micromole/cm.sup.3 of mercury, advantageously with 180-230 micromole/cm.sup.3 of mercury, and particularly with 153 micromole/cm.sup.3 of mercury. In view of possible fluctuations in the line voltage, the operating voltage selected for the high-pressure discharge is chosen to be 180 V, which is achievable by filling the arc tube volume of a gas discharge lamp with a quantity of mercury of, in particular, 153 micromole/cm.sup.3.

The volume of a discharge vessel, which vessel is also referred to below as an envelope or arc tube, having an inside diameter of 4.4 mm and an inside length of 12 mm, works out as V=182 mm.sup.3. Taking a cold filling pressure as a basis, the filling comprises: 5.6 mg of Hg, 6.3 mg of NaI, 1.2 mg of TlI, 2.5 mg of DyI.sub.3 and 400 mbar of Ar. As quantities per unit volume of the filling, this gives the following amounts: Hg: 153 micromole/cm.sup.3 NaI: 231 micromole/cm.sup.3 TlI: 20 micromole/cm.sup.3 DyI.sub.3: 25 micromole/cm.sup.3 Ar: 15.9 micromole/cm.sup.3.

This, however, is only one of many possible fillings: in place of DyI.sub.3, other light producers known in the lighting industry may also be used, such as the rare-earth halides HoI.sub.3, TmI.sub.3, CeI.sub.3 and so on. The quantities are then likewise approximately 25 micromole/cm.sup.3. As well as these there are also the class of so-called 3-line light producers: NaI, TlI, InI and also so-called molecular light producers such as NaI/SnI.sub.2 mixtures. The principle of the invention is equally applicable to all these lamp fillings. The limits for the quantities contained in the filling are around .+-.50% and in this way the relevant range of lamp parameters is covered.

The lamps can be ignited by conventional antenna ignition, because a peak voltage of around 311 volts is present across the capacitor as a peak-value voltage.

One advantage is that the lamp system lights immediately when switched on. In the switching-on process, the voltage drop across the high-pressure gas discharge is an rms voltage of approximately 20 V, which represents the entire drop across the electrodes. The difference from the line voltage, which difference is equal to 200 V, is thus applied to the incandescent filament. A current of 0.7 A thus flows, depending on the resistance of the incandescent filament at this voltage. The power which is drawn at the incandescent filament is thus 140 W, which corresponds to a luminous flux of approximately 1700 lumens, while the luminous flux from the gas discharge at this time is so small that it can be ignored.

Due to the starting power of 14 W fed into the high-pressure gas discharge, the wall temperature of the arc tube rises with time, which causes greater evaporation of the mercury, whereby the burning voltage of the high-pressure gas discharge increases. This brings down the voltage across the incandescent filament and, at the same time, the lamp current, because the characteristic of the incandescent filament is positive. The current drop is such that the overall power fed into the high-pressure lamp rises. This process finally causes the system to settle at a steady operating point at which no further rise is possible in the voltage across the high-pressure lamp, because all the mercury has been completely evaporated. The final current is then 0.4 A and the power drawn by the high-pressure lamp is thus 72 W, whereas at the incandescent lamp it is only 16 W. Hence the total power is 88 W. In continuous operation, the luminous flux from the high-pressure gas discharge is 6480 lumens and that from the incandescent filament only 192 lumens, the total luminous flux thus being 6672 lumens. This corresponds to an overall luminous efficacy of 6672 lm/88 W=76 lm/W. Between the switch-on state of the system and its final state, the luminous flux thus rises from 1700 to 6672 lumens over a period of approximately 2 minutes.

The lamp system is not based on a pure mercury high-pressure gas discharge in quartz, but instead aluminum oxide ceramic is advantageously used as the arc tube material. Aluminum oxide ceramic is also referred to as a sintered ceramic material or densely sintered aluminum oxide or as polycrystalline alumina (abbreviation PCA) and its chemical formula is Al.sub.2O.sub.3. In contrast to arc tubes of quartz, metal halide salts, which produce a considerable improvement both in the color properties of the high-pressure lamp and in its efficacy, can then be added. A constant burning voltage throughout lamp life is possible in the case of the PCA arc tube, but not in the case of the quartz lamp because, in the course of time, halogens such as iodine diffuse through the wall of the arc tube of the quartz lamp and the result is an increase in the burning voltage. With PCA arc tubes, on the other hand, this diffusion phenomenon does not occur.

These and other aspects of the invention are apparent from and will be elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.

IN THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a blended light lamp.

FIG. 1 shows a blended light lamp 1 having an incandescent lamp 2, a gas discharge lamp 3, a rectifier 4, an energy storage means 5 and an ignition device 6. The rectifier 4 has four diodes 7-10 and its input end can be connected by terminals 11 and 12 to a source of a.c. line voltage. The capacitor 5 that acts as the energy storage means is connected to outputs 13 and 14 on the secondary side of the rectifier 4. The incandescent lamp 2 and the gas discharge lamp 3 are connected in series and to the outputs 13, 14 of the rectifier 4, i.e. in parallel with the capacitor 5. A second series circuit comprising the incandescent lamp 2 and the ignition device 6 is also connected to the outputs 13, 14. The ignition device 6 comprises a limiting resistor 15, a Zener diode 16, a capacitor 17, and a coil 18 having an antenna 19.

On the primary side, the rectifier 4 is connected directly to the 220 V line voltage. On the secondary side there is the 22 uF capacitor 5, in parallel with which an incandescent filament of a halogen lamp 2 is connected in series with the high-pressure gas discharge lamp 3. The high-pressure gas discharge lamp 3 comprises an aluminum oxide arc tube having an inside diameter of 4.4 mm, a wall thickness of 0.8 mm and an internal length of 12 mm. An end dimension is 2.0 mm, and arranged against this end are end-pieces which enclose the electrodes and measure 14 mm in length. The arc tube filling comprises 5.6 mg of mercury and 10 mg of a mixture of NaI/TlI/DyI.sub.3. The arc tube is situated in the evacuated outer envelope.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

1 Blended light lamp 2 Incandescent lamp 3 Gas discharge lamp 4 Rectifier 5 Capacitor/energy storage means 6 Ignition device 7 Diode 8 Diode 9 Diode 10 Diode 11 Terminal 12 Terminal 13 Output 14 Output 15 Limiting resistor 16 Zener diode 17 Capacitor 18 Coil 19 Antenna

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