Title: Board align image acquisition device with improved interface
Abstract: An electronics assembly system includes an image acquisition system that is coupled to a controller through an improved interface. The coupling facilitates advanced monitoring and control of the image acquisition system. Multiple image acquisition systems can be coupled to the controller over the same interface.
Patent Number: 6,954,681 Issued on 10/11/2005 to Fisher,   et al.
| Inventors:
|
Fisher; Lance K. (Excelsior, MN);
Gaida; John D. (Victoria, MN);
Horijon; Joseph L. (Veldhoven, NL);
Liberty; Todd D. (Apple Valley, MN)
|
| Assignee:
|
CyberOptics Corporation (Golden Valley, MN)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
745860 |
| Filed:
|
December 24, 2003 |
| Current U.S. Class: |
700/259; 219/121.85; 219/124.34; 250/559.45; 345/156; 345/157; 348/94; 348/95; 356/237.1; 356/243.1; 362/247; 700/245; 700/254 |
| Intern'l Class: |
G05B 015/00; G05B 019/00 |
| Field of Search: |
700/245,254,259
219/121.85,124.34
348/94,95
356/237.1,243.1
345/156,157
362/247
250/559.45
313/113
|
References Cited [Referenced By]
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| |
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Connection, Version 1.20, pp. 1-35 (Jul. 23, 1998).
Hoffman, Gar, "IEEE 1394, The A/V Digital Interface of Choice," 1394 Trade Association
The Multimedia Connection, downloaded from http://www.1394ta.org/Technology/About/digital_av.htm,
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1983, IEEE, pp. 219-224.
|
Primary Examiner: Black; Thomas G.
Assistant Examiner: Marc; McDieunel
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Westman, Champlin & Kelly, P.A.
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation application of Ser. No. 10/017,501, filed
Dec. 14, 2001 now abandoned, which this application is base on and claims the benefit
of U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/255,925, filed Dec. 15, 2000,
entitled "CAMERA WITH IEEE 1394 INTERFACE."
Claims
1. An electronic assembly machine for performing an assembly operation on a workpiece,
the machine comprising:
a robotic system for performing the assembly operation based;
a controller coupled to the robotic system and providing signals to the robotic
system to cause the robotic system to perform the assembly operation;
an image acquisition device coupled to the controller and disposed to acquire
an image of the workpiece;
wherein the image acquisition device is coupled to the controller through an
interface operating in accordance with a Specification; and
wherein the image acquisition device includes an illuminator that is controllable
by the controller through the interface.
2. The machine of claim 1, wherein the illuminator is a darkfield illuminator.
3. The machine of claim 1, wherein the illuminator is a brightfield illuminator.
4. The machine of claim 1, wherein the controller monitors a number of energizations
of the illuminator.
5. The machine of claim 1, wherein the image acquisition device includes a plurality
of illuminators each controllable by the controller.
6. The machine of claim 1, wherein the image acquisition device includes characterization
registers for providing information relating to capabilities of the image acquisition device.
7. The machine of claim 1, and further comprising storage for a parameter related
to the image acquisition system.
8. The machine of claim 7, wherein the parameter is an optical parameter.
9. The machine of claim 7 wherein the parameter is a mechanical parameter.
10. The machine of claim 1, wherein the image acquisition device includes a board
align camera.
11. The machine of claim 1, wherein an additional image acquisition device is
coupled to the controller through the interface.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The electronics assembly industry uses machines such as pick and place machines
to automatically pick components from component feeders and place the components
upon circuit boards during board assembly. Subsequently, the components themselves
are permanently attached to the circuit board at locations where the pick and place
machine has deposited them. Due the relatively high speed required for such operations
as well as the extremely small-scale of the components themselves, component placement
and alignment are extremely important. In order to facilitate advances in component
placement and alignment, optical systems and associated processors have advanced
accordingly. One common element of a pick and place system is known as the board
align image acquisition device. Typically, this image acquisition device resides
upon a placement head and is used to essentially image a reference position (also
known as a fiducial) on the board. By determining the placement of the head via
encoders, or other suitable position measuring means, associated therewith, and
determining the position of the fiducial from the image supplied by the board align
camera, the relative position of the placement head with respect to the board is
precisely known.
The position of the component to be placed on the placement head is calculated
in a similar manner but with a generally upward-looking component align (CA) image
acquisition device. The component align image acquisition device generally acquires
an image of the component to be placed after it has been picked up by the placement
head. The host processor then determines the position of the component on the placement
head and knowing the position of the placement head with respect to the board,
so manipulates the component to be placed that it is oriented correctly and placed
properly upon the board. Thus, a typical pick and place system includes a pair
of image acquisition device (board align and component align). Due to the relatively
high-speed operation of pick and place machines, there is a relatively large amount
of data (both image data and control data) that passes between the host processor
and the various image acquisition devices and their associated illuminators. A
pick and place system that could accommodate the relatively high data transfer
burdens while simultaneously simplifying wiring and reducing costs would be a significant
increase in the art. Moreover, if such system could provide data transfer rate
head room beyond that which is currently needed and accommodate future scalability,
system implementation would be facilitated.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An electronics assembly system includes an image acquisition system that is coupled
to a controller through an improved interface. The coupling facilitates advanced
monitoring and control of the image acquisition system. Multiple image acquisition
devices can be coupled to the controller over the same interface.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a known pick and place machine in which embodiments
of the present invention are particularly useful.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a placement head including a board align image
acquisition device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a portion of a pick and place machine in accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a system block diagram of an image acquisition system in accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a pick and place machine
100 in accordance
with the prior art. Machine
100 includes placement head
102 upon
which are mounted component align (CA) image acquisition device
104, nozzles
106 and board align (BA) image acquisition device
108. Controller
110 is coupled to devices
104 and
108 as well as encoders
operably coupled to placement head
102 which encoders indicate position
of placement head
102 along X and Y axes.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of placement head
102. As illustrated, placement
head
102 includes a pair of pick and place units
112 each of pick
and place units
112 include a nozzle
106 that is adapted to releasably
couple a component to be placed such as components
114. Pick and place units
112 are adapted to displace components
114 along the Z axis to place
components
114 upon a circuit board (not shown). While components
114
are releasably held by nozzles
106, relative motion between the nozzles
106 and the component align image acquisition device
104 is translated
beneath components
114 while imaging components
114 with device
104
allows for determination of the relative orientations of components
114
with respect to the nozzles
106. FIG. 2 also illustrates board align (BA)
image acquisition device
108 disposed proximate an edge of placement head
102 and facing downward. Device
108 acquires an image of a reference
position marker (fiducial) on the circuit board in order to allow calculation of
the placement head
102 position with respect to the circuit board.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a portion of a pick and place machine in accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention. Host
110 is coupled to X and
Y encoders (illustrated diagrammatically at reference numerals
116 and
118,
respectively). Additionally, host
110 is coupled to board align image acquisition
device
108 via interface
120. Device
108 is also physically
coupled to robot
122 which is used to actuate nozzle
106 to pick
up components
114 and place them upon printed circuit board (PCB)
124.
As illustrated, board
124 includes a reference position mark, or fiducial,
126. When required, board align image acquisition device
108 acquires
an image of fiducial
126, and/or additional fiducials, and computes a position
of placement head
102 with respect to board
124. While not shown
in FIG. 3, a component align image acquisition device is also used to acquire images
of the components themselves to calculate component orientation and position such
that the components can be accurately placed upon board
124. Further, board
align image acquisition device
108 and component align image acquisition
device
104 typically have associated lighting. Thus, a significant amount
of data overhead is created wherein image data from device
108 and/or device
104 must be transmitted to host controller
110. One aspect of embodiments
of the present invention is placing one or more of the image acquisition devices
(board align, component align, or other suitable devices) upon a bus that accommodates
such co-existence without significantly increasing complexity or cost.
One example of such a bus is known as the IEEE 1394 Standard for High Performance
Serial Bus the standards of which are published by the Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers Inc. Information about the IEEE 1394 serial bus standard
may be found on the world wide web. The IEEE 1394 standard provides for data transmission
speeds at 100, 200, 400 megabits per second and beyond over the serial bus. The
format and type of information to be sent between the host and the digital camera
over the IEEE 1394 serial bus adheres to the 1394 Trade Association's 1394-based
Digital Camera Specification, Version 1.3, dated Jul. 25, 2000. As used herein
"Specification" shall include any specification compatible, either presently or
backwardly, with the IEEE 1394-based Digital Camera Specification. While the Specification
listed above does not provide features which facilitate the use in pick and place
machines, there is an ability provided in the Specification to add additional features.
This is done via advanced control and status registers (CSR). A portion of this
patent document will make reference to the Specification. Information regarding
the Specification may be found on the worldwide web. Some of the features useful
for device
108 but not currently set forth in the Specification follow.
The Specification does not set forth an ability to control four or more illumination
channels. In additional to the control of illumination, there are currently no
characterization registers available to determine the capabilities of each image
acquisition device. Another feature that is not provided by the Specification is
the ability to set illumination counters to help determine lifetime of the illuminators
themselves. Further, there is currently no storage provided by the Specification
for mechanical and optical parameters that could be characterized during calibration.
These features and their implementation in embodiments of the present invention
will be set forth in greater detail below.
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of BA image acquisition device
108 in accordance
with an embodiment of the present invention. Device
108 couples to host
110 through port
130 along Specification bus
132. Bus
132
is coupled to link and physical layer controller
134. Preferably, link and
physical layer controllers are preferably commercially available devices sold by
Texas Instruments under the trade designations TSB42AB4PDT, and TSB41AB1PHP, respectively.
Controller
134 is coupled to microcontroller
136 and programmable
logic device
138 through bus
140. Preferably, bus
140 is a
16-bit 68000 bus. Microcontroller
136 is preferably a microcontroller sold
under the trade designation Atmega103L available from Atmel of San Jose, Calif.
Microcontroller
136 is also coupled to analog temperature sensor
142,
four-channel digital-to-analog converter
144 and CCD and support chip set
146. Preferably, microcontroller
136 is coupled to converter
144
and chip set
146 through a serial peripheral interface bus
148. Through
programmable logic device
138 and image data bus
151, CCD the support
chip set
146 can acquire and provide an image to IEEE 1394 controller
134.
During acquisition of such an image, illuminators
150 are engaged in response
to control signals from microcontroller
136 and/or programmable logic device
138. Illuminators
150 can include a darkfield illuminator, and/or
brightfield illuminator. One of the primary features of adapting device
108
for operation with IEEE 1394 bus
132 is that additional image acquisition
devices and IEEE 1394 bus-compatible devices can be coupled to the same bus. This
reduces system wiring and complexity while also facilitating standardization and implementation.
The following description sets forth a preferred embodiment in such detail that
specific data values for specific control and status registers in the 1394 specification
are provided.
| |
| Basic Function Inquiry Register |
| Offset |
Name |
Field |
Bit |
Value |
Description |
| |
| 400 |
BASIC |
Memory Channel |
(31 . . . 28) |
0 |
Maximum memory |
| (Read |
FUNC_INQ |
|
|
|
channel number |
| Only) |
|
|
(27 . . . 21) |
0 |
Reserved |
| |
|
Multi_shot_Inq |
20 |
0 |
No Multi |
| |
|
|
|
|
shot |
| |
|
|
|
|
transmission |
| |
|
|
|
|
capable |
| |
|
One-shot-Inq |
19 |
1 |
One shot |
| |
|
|
|
|
transmission |
| |
|
|
|
|
capable |
| |
|
|
(18 . . . 17) |
0 |
Reserved |
| |
|
Cam_Power— |
16 |
0 |
There is no |
| |
|
Cntl |
|
|
camera process |
| |
|
|
|
|
power ON/OFF |
| |
|
|
|
|
capability |
| |
|
|
(15 . . . 1) |
0 |
Reserved |
| |
|
Advanced— |
0 |
1 |
Indicates |
| |
|
Feature_Inq |
|
|
presence |
| |
|
|
|
|
of advanced |
| |
|
|
|
|
failure. |
| |
| |
| Feature Presence Inquiry Registers |
| Feature Hi Inquiry |
| Offset |
Name |
Field |
Bit |
Value |
Description |
| |
| 404 |
FEATURE— |
|
(31 . . . 13) |
0 |
Reserved |
| (Read |
HI_INQ |
Trigger |
12 |
1 |
Trigger control |
| Only) |
|
Temperature |
11 |
1 |
Temperature |
| |
|
|
|
|
read-only |
| |
|
Focus |
10 |
0 |
No Focus control |
| |
|
Iris |
9 |
0 |
No Iris control |
| |
|
Gain |
8 |
1 |
Gain control |
| |
|
Shutter |
7 |
1 |
Shutter speed |
| |
|
|
|
|
control |
| |
|
Gamma |
6 |
0 |
No Gamma control |
| |
|
Saturation |
5 |
0 |
No Saturation |
| |
|
|
|
|
control |
| |
|
Hue |
4 |
0 |
No Hue control |
| |
|
White Balance |
3 |
0 |
No White balance |
| |
|
|
|
|
control |
| |
|
Sharpness |
2 |
0 |
No Sharpness |
| |
|
|
|
|
Control |
| |
|
Auto Exposure |
1 |
0 |
No Auto Exposure |
| |
|
|
|
|
Control |
| |
|
Brightness |
0 |
1 |
Brightness |
| |
|
|
|
|
Control Capable |
| |
| set |
Name |
Field |
Bit |
Value |
Description |
| |
| 408 |
FEATURE— |
Zoom |
0 |
0 |
No Zoom Control |
| (Read |
LO_INQ |
Pan |
1 |
0 |
No Pan control |
| Only) |
|
Tilt |
2 |
0 |
No Tilt control |
| |
|
Optical |
3 |
0 |
No Optical |
| |
|
filter |
|
|
filter control |
| |
|
|
(4 . . . 15) |
0 |
Reserved |
| |
|
Capture— |
16 |
0 |
N/A (Capturing |
| |
|
Size |
|
|
image size for |
| |
|
|
|
|
format 6) |
| |
|
Capture— |
17 |
0 |
N/A (Capture |
| |
|
Quality |
|
|
image quality |
| |
|
|
|
|
for |
| |
|
|
|
|
Format 6) |
| |
|
|
(18 . . . 31) |
0 |
Reserved |
| |
| |
| Advanced Feature CSR Offset |
| Off- |
|
|
|
|
|
| set |
Name |
Field |
Bit |
Value |
Description |
| |
| 480 |
ADVANCED— |
Advanced |
(0 . . . 31) |
3FC |
CSR quadlet |
| (Read |
FEATURE— |
Feature— |
|
0000 |
offset for |
| Only) |
INQ |
Quadlet— |
|
|
Advanced Feature |
| |
|
Offset |
|
|
CSR. This |
| |
|
|
|
|
offset is from |
| |
|
|
|
|
the initial |
| |
|
|
|
|
register space of |
| |
|
|
|
|
FFFF F000 0000. |
| |
|
|
|
|
This will put |
| |
|
|
|
|
the base of the |
| |
|
|
|
|
advanced |
| |
|
|
|
|
feature CSR |
| |
|
|
|
|
at |
| |
|
|
|
|
FFF FFF0 0000. |
| |
| |
| Feature Elements Inquiry Registers |
| Brightness Inquiry |
| Offset |
Name |
Field |
Bit |
Value |
Description |
| |
| 500 |
BRIGHTNESS— |
Presence_Inq |
0 |
1 |
Presence of |
| (Read |
INQ |
|
|
|
this feature |
| only) |
|
|
(1 . . . 2) |
0 |
Reserved |
| |
|
One_Push_Inq |
3 |
0 |
One push auto |
| |
|
|
|
|
mode |
| |
|
|
|
|
(Controlled |
| |
|
|
|
|
automatically |
| |
|
|
|
|
by |
| |
|
|
|
|
camera only |
| |
|
|
|
|
once) |
| |
|
Read/Out_Inq |
4 |
1 |
Capability of |
| |
|
|
|
|
reading the |
| |
|
|
|
|
value |
| |
|
|
|
|
of this |
| |
|
|
|
|
feature |
| |
|
On/Off_Inq |
5 |
0 |
Capability of |
| |
|
|
|
|
switching this |
| |
|
|
|
|
feature ON and |
| |
|
|
|
|
OFF |
| |
|
Auto_Inq |
6 |
0 |
Auto mode |
| |
|
|
|
|
(controlled |
| |
|
|
|
|
by camera) |
| |
|
Manual_Inq |
7 |
1 |
Manual mode |
| |
|
|
|
|
(controlled by |
| |
|
|
|
|
the user) |
| |
|
MIN_Value |
(8 . . . 19) |
0 |
MIN value for |
| |
|
|
|
|
this feature |
| |
|
|
|
|
control |
| |
|
MAX_Value |
(20 . . . 31) |
640 |
MAX value for |
| |
|
|
|
|
this feature |
| |
|
|
|
|
control |
| |
| Offset |
Name |
Field |
Bit |
Value |
Description |
| |
| 51C |
SHUTTER— |
Presence Inq |
0 |
1 |
Presence of this |
| (Read |
INQ |
|
|
|
feature |
| only) |
|
|
(1 . . . 2) |
0 |
Reserved |
| |
|
One_Push_Inq |
3 |
0 |
One push auto mode |
| |
|
|
|
|
(Controlled |
| |
|
|
|
|
automatically by |
| |
|
|
|
|
camera only once) |
| |
|
Read/Out_Inq |
4 |
1 |
Capability of |
| |
|
|
|
|
reading |
| |
|
|
|
|
the value of this |
| |
|
|
|
|
feature |
| |
|
On/Off_Inq |
5 |
0 |
Capability of |
| |
|
|
|
|
switching |
| |
|
|
|
|
this feature ON and |
| |
|
|
|
|
OFF |
| |
|
Auto_Inq |
6 |
1 |
Auto mode |
| |
|
|
|
|
(controlled by |
| |
|
|
|
|
camera) |
| |
|
Manual_Inq |
7 |
0 |
Manual mode |
| |
|
|
|
|
(controlled |
| |
|
|
|
|
by the user) |
| |
|
MIN_Value |
(8 . . . 19) |
0 |
MIN value for this |
| |
|
|
|
|
feature control |
| |
|
MAX_Value |
(20 . . . 31) |
400 |
MAX value for this |
| |
|
|
|
|
feature control |
| |
| Offset |
Name |
Field |
Bit |
Value |
Description |
| |
| 520 |
GAIN_INQ |
Presence Inq |
0 |
1 |
Presence of |
| (Read |
|
|
|
|
this feature |
| only) |
|
|
(1 . . . 2) |
0 |
Reserved |
| |
|
One_Push_Inq |
3 |
0 |
One push auto |
| |
|
|
|
|
mode |
| |
|
|
|
|
(Controlled |
| |
|
|
|
|
automatically |
| |
|
|
|
|
by |
| |
|
|
|
|
camera only |
| |
|
|
|
|
once) |
| |
|
Read/Out_Inq |
4 |
1 |
Capability of |
| |
|
|
|
|
reading |
| |
|
|
|
|
the value of |
| |
|
|
|
|
this |
| |
|
|
|
|
feature |
| |
|
On/Off_Inq |
5 |
0 |
Capability of |
| |
|
|
|
|
switching |
| |
|
|
|
|
this feature |
| |
|
|
|
|
ON and OFF |
| |
|
Auto_Inq |
6 |
0 |
Auto mode |
| |
|
|
|
|
(controlled |
| |
|
|
|
|
by |
| |
|
|
|
|
camera) |
| |
|
Manual_Inq |
7 |
1 |
Manual mode |
| |
|
|
|
|
(controlled |
| |
|
|
|
|
by the user) |
| |
|
MIN_Value |
(8 . . . 19) |
0 |
MIN value for |
| |
|
|
|
|
this |
| |
|
|
|
|
feature |
| |
|
|
|
|
control |
| |
|
MAX_Value |
(20 . . . 31) |
A28 |
MAX value for |
| |
|
|
|
|
this |
| |
|
|
|
|
feature |
| |
|
|
|
|
control |
| |
| Offset |
Name |
Field |
Bit |
Value |
Description |
| |
| 52C |
TEMPERATURE_INQ |
Presence— |
0 |
1 |
Presence of |
| (Read |
|
Inq |
|
|
this feature |
| only) |
|
|
(1 . . . 2) |
0 |
Reserved |
| |
|
One_Push— |
3 |
0 |
One push |
| |
|
Inq |
|
|
auto mode |
| |
|
|
|
|
(Controlled |
| |
|
|
|
|
automatically |
| |
|
|
|
|
by |
| |
|
|
|
|
camera only |
| |
|
|
|
|
once) |
| |
|
Read/Out— |
4 |
1 |
Capability |
| |
|
Inq |
|
|
of reading |
| |
|
|
|
|
the value of |
| |
|
|
|
|
this |
| |
|
|
|
|
feature |
| |
|
On/Off_Inq |
5 |
0 |
Capability |
| |
|
|
|
|
of switching |
| |
|
|
|
|
this feature |
| |
|
|
|
|
ON and OFF |
| |
|
Auto_Inq |
6 |
1 |
Auto mode |
| |
|
|
|
|
(controlled |
| |
|
|
|
|
by |
| |
|
|
|
|
camera) |
| |
|
Manual_Inq |
7 |
0 |
Manual mode |
| |
|
|
|
|
(controlled |
| |
|
|
|
|
by the user) |
| |
|
MIN_Value |
(8 . . . 19) |
0 |
MIN value |
| |
|
|
|
|
for this |
| |
|
|
|
|
feature |
| |
|
|
|
|
control in |
| |
|
|
|
|
degree C. |
| |
|
MAX_Value |
(20 . . . 31) |
7Ch |
MAX value |
| |
|
|
|
|
for this |
| |
|
|
|
|
feature |
| |
|
|
|
|
control in |
| |
|
|
|
|
degree C. |
| |
| Offset |
Name |
Field |
Bit |
Val |
Description |
| |
| 530 |
TRIGGER_INQ |
Presence_Inq |
0 |
1 |
Presence of this |
| (Read |
|
|
|
|
feature |
| only) |
|
|
(1 . . . 3) |
0 |
Reserved |
| |
|
Read/Out_Inq |
4 |
1 |
Capability of |
| |
|
|
|
|
reading |
| |
|
|
|
|
the value of |
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