Electronic percussion instrumental system and percussion detecting apparatus therein Number:7,385,135 from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) owispatent

Title: Electronic percussion instrumental system and percussion detecting apparatus therein

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a percussion detecting apparatus, which is excellent in percussion feeling, and the percussion sounds of which are very small, in electronic percussion instrumental system. The percussion detecting apparatus is provided with a head prepared from a net-like raw material composed of a first net and a second net, the net-like raw material being obtained by such a manner that both the nets having been woven in accordance with plane weaving manner wherein the longitudinal and transverse fibers cross at right angles are laminated in such a way that the weave pattern directions thereof intersect obliquely with each other; and a head sensor which is in contact with the center position of the under side in the head and detects percussion with respect to the head as electric signal.

Patent Number: 7,385,135 Issued on 06/10/2008 to Yoshino,   et al.

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Inventors:	Yoshino; Kiyoshi (Osaka, JP), Hirano; Kenji (Osaka, JP), Katsuda; Masato (Osaka, JP)
Assignee:	Roland Corporation (Hamamatsu, JP)
Appl. No.:	11/145,584
Filed:	June 6, 2005

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Related U.S. Patent Documents

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	Application Number	Filing Date	Patent Number	Issue Date
	10627493	Jul., 2003	6921857
	09845368	Apr., 2001	6756535
	09401459	Sep., 1999	6271458
	09243698	Feb., 1999	6121538
	08886180	Jul., 1997	5920026

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Foreign Application Priority Data

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Jul 04, 1996 [JP]			8-193986
Jan 13, 1997 [JP]			9-15846
Jan 13, 1997 [JP]			9-15847

Current U.S. Class:	84/738 ; 84/414
Current International Class:	G10H 1/02 (20060101)
Field of Search:	84/414,416,452P,454,723,737,738,743

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References Cited [Referenced By]

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U.S. Patent Documents

729936	June 1903	Heybeck
3748367	July 1973	Lamme et al.
4226156	October 1980	Hyakutake
4279188	July 1981	Scott
4362081	December 1982	Hartry
4581973	April 1986	Hoshino
4714002	December 1987	Cleland
4798121	January 1989	Donohoe
4828907	May 1989	Hayashi
4947725	August 1990	Nomura
5042356	August 1991	Karch
5159139	October 1992	Beals et al.
5449964	September 1995	Snyder
5533405	July 1996	Hoshino
5583307	December 1996	Tobia, Jr.
5585581	December 1996	Rogers
5633473	May 1997	Mori et al.

Foreign Patent Documents

	19625570.8-51		Jun., 1996		DE
	2-117569		Sep., 1990		JP

Other References

Thirteen (13) Photographs of Syndrum product. cited by other.

Primary Examiner: Donels; Jeffrey
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Foley & Lardner LLP

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Parent Case Text

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This is a Continuation Application and claims priority to application No. 10/627,493 filed Jul. 25, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No 6,921,857 which in turn is a continuation application No. 09/845,368 filed Apr. 30, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,756,535 which in turn is a continuation of application No. 09/401,459 filed Sep. 22. 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,271,458, which in turn is a continuation of application No. 09/243,698 filed Feb. 3, 1999 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,121,538, which in turn is a divisional of application No. 08/886,180 filed Jul. 1, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,920,026, which is based on Japanese Application No. 9-15846 filed Jan. 13, 1997, Japanese Application No. 9-15847 filed Jan. 13, 1997 and Japanese Application No. 8-193986 filed Jul. 4, 1996.

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Claims

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What is claimed is:

1. An electronic percussion instrumental system comprising: a housing; a head composed of a flexible material having openings therethrough and supported by the housing to define a percussion surface; and a percussion detector having a cushioning material and a transducer for detecting a percussion impact on the percussion surface and producing an electric signal responsive to the percussion impact.

2. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flexible material comprises a net-like material.

3. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flexible material comprises a plurality of net-like materials.

4. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flexible material is supported in a tensioned state by the housing.

5. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cushioning material is arranged in contact with the flexible material of the head.

6. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flexible material of the head has a central area when supported by the housing, and wherein the cushioning material is arranged in contact with the central area of the flexible material of the head.

7. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the transducer is in contact with the cushioning material.

8. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the cushioning material is arranged between the transducer and the flexible material of the head.

9. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cushioning mated al is arranged in contact with the flexible material of the head to transmit an impact force from a percussion impact on the head and wherein the transducer is arranged to receive an impact force transmitted by the cushioning material.

10. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flexible material of the head has a first surface comprising the percussion surface for receiving a percussion impact, wherein the flexible material of the head has a second surface facing opposite the first surface and wherein the cushioning member is arranged in contact with the second surface.

11. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the cushioning member comprises an elastic material.

12. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the cushioning member comprises a material selected from the group consisting of rubber and sponge material.

13. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the openings in the flexible material of the head are spaced over substantially the entire percussion surface.

14. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cushioning material is arranged in contact with the flexible material of the head and with the transducer.

15. An electronic percussion instrumental system comprising: a housing having a generally hollow interior and an end open to the hollow interior; a head composed of a flexible material having openings therethrough and supported in a tensioned state over the open end of the housing to define a percussion surface; and a cushioning material supported adjacent to the flexible material of the head; and a transducer, in operable communication with the flexible material of the head, for detecting a percussion impact on the percussion surface and producing an electric signal responsive to the percussion impact.

16. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the flexible material comprises a net-like material.

17. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the flexible material comprises a plurality of net-like materials.

18. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the cushioning material is arranged in contact with the flexible material of the head.

19. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the flexible material of the head has a central area when supported in the tensioned state, and wherein the cushioning material is arranged in contact with the central area of the flexible material of the head.

20. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 19, wherein the transducer is in contact with the cushioning material.

21. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 19, wherein the cushioning material is arranged between the transducer and the flexible material of the head.

22. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the cushioning material is arranged in contact with the flexible material of the head to transmit an impact force from a percussion impact on the head and wherein the transducer is arranged to receive an impact force transmitted by the cushioning material.

23. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the flexible material of the head has a first surface comprising the percussion surface for receiving a percussion impact, wherein the flexible material of the head has a second surface facing opposite the first surface and wherein the cushioning member is arranged in contact with the second surface.

24. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 23, wherein the cushioning member comprises an elastic material.

25. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 23, wherein the cushioning member comprises a material selected from the group consisting of rubber and sponge material.

26. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the openings in the flexible material of the head are spaced over substantially the entire percussion surface.

27. An electronic percussion instrumental system as claimed in claim 15, wherein the cushioning material is arranged in contact with the flexible material of the head and with the transducer.

28. A method of making an electronic percussion instrumental system comprising: providing a housing; supporting a head having a percussion surface on the housing, the head composed of a flexible material having openings therethrough; and supporting a percussion detector with the housing, the percussion detector having a cushioning material and a transducer for detecting a percussion impact on the percussion surface and producing an electric signal responsive to the percussion impact.

29. A method as claimed in claim 28, wherein supporting a head comprises supporting a net-like material in a tensioned state on the housing.

30. A method as claimed in claim 28, wherein supporting a head comprises supporting a plurality of layers of net-like material in a tensioned state on the housing.

31. A method as claimed in claim 28, wherein supporting a percussion detector comprises supporting the cushioning material in contact with the flexible material of the head.

32. A method as claimed in claim 28, wherein the flexible material of the head has a central area when supported by the housing, and wherein supporting a percussion detector comprises supporting the cushioning material in contact with the central area of the flexible material of the head.

33. A method as claimed in claim 28, wherein supporting a percussion detector comprises supporting the transducer is in contact with the cushioning material.

34. A method as claimed in claim 32, wherein supporting a percussion detector comprises supporting the cushioning material between the transducer and the flexible material of the head.

35. A method as claimed in claim 28, wherein supporting a percussion detector comprises supporting the cushioning material in contact with the flexible material of the head to transmit an impact force from a percussion impact on the head and arranging the transducer in a location to receive an impact force transmitted by the cushioning material.

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Description

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an electronic percussion instrumental system and a percussion detecting apparatus in the electronic percussion instrumental system, and more particularly to an electronic percussion instrumental system which simulates a percussion instrument such as acoustic drum sounding musical tone as a result of percussing it with sticks or the like by a player and a percussion detecting apparatus in the electronic percussion instrumental system.

2. Description of the Related Art

Heretofore, in an electronic percussion instrumental system such as electronic drum simulating acoustic drum, a percussion detecting apparatus provided with a surface to be percussed being generally called by the name of "percussion pad" is utilized as a means for detecting percussion.

As such a percussion detecting means as described above, for example, the percussion detecting apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 44357/1996 has been known. In the percussion detecting apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 44357/1996, the percussion surface is formed by covering a plate-like case with a material of a soft high-molecular compound.

However, in such percussion detecting apparatus wherein the percussion surface is formed by covering the plate-like case with a soft high-molecular compound material, there is such a problem that repulsive feeling at the time of percussing the percussion surface is remarkable, so that good percussion feeling cannot be obtained. In addition, the above described percussion detecting apparatus involves also such a problem that there is a fear of disturbing the performance by the percussion sound, because the percussion sound generated at the time when the percussion surface is percussed is significant.

On one hand, it has been proposed to utilize, as a percussion detecting means, a percussion surface, the tension of which can be adjusted and is called by the name of "head" in acoustic drum, which is further provided with a sensor for detecting percussion.

In the present specification, adjustment for tension of a percussion surface which is adjustable as in the head of acoustic drum will be called by the term "tuning".

In the case when the head of acoustic drum is served for a percussion detecting means as described above, there is such a problem that although percussion feeling is excellent in this case because the head for the acoustic drum is utilized as it is, the percussion sound becomes remarkable so that it disturbs the performance.

OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been made in view of the problems as described above involved in the prior art. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a percussion detecting apparatus provided with a head as the percussion surface which is excellent in percussion feeling and in which the percussion sound is extremely quiet in an electronic percussion instrumental system.

Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic percussion instrumental system which is adapted to be easily capable of correct tuning of the head in the case when the head is tuned on the basis of an indication which is suitably given and corresponding to a position of percussion in the head.

Moreover, still another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic percussion instrumental system which is adapted to be capable of detecting a correct position in percussion by correcting variations in tension of the head as a result of tuning of the same.

An yet further object of the present invention is to provide an electronic percussion instrumental system which is adapted to make clear a position of percussion in the head in case of tuning operation to display the tuning state, whereby the tuning operation can be carried out while confirming the state, so that anybody can easily conduct such tuning operation without requiring any sense of skilled user.

In order to achieve the above described objects, the present invention is characterized by a percussion detecting apparatus in electronic percussion instrumental system comprising a head the percussion surface of which is composed of a net-like raw material; and a percussion detecting means being in contact with the center position of the aforesaid head and detecting percussion with respect to the aforesaid head as electric signal.

Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, since the percussion surface of the head is composed of a net-like raw material, extremely good percussion feeling can be obtained because of the elasticity of the net-like raw material. Besides, since air passes through the openings of stitches in the net-like raw material, percussion sound in case of percussing the head becomes extremely small.

Furthermore, the present invention is characterized by an electronic percussion instrumental system which detects percussion as electric signal and generates musical tone based on the electric signal thus detected comprising a head the percussion surface of which to be percussed is tunable; a percussion detecting means for detecting percussion upon the aforesaid head as electric signal; a means for detecting a position of percussion point for performing arithmetic computations by inputting the electric signal detected by means of the aforesaid percussion detecting means to detect percussion point positional information; and a display means for effecting a display corresponding to the percussion point positional information detected by the aforesaid means for detecting a position of percussion point.

Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, since a display corresponding to the percussion point positional information is effected by means of the display means, the head can be tuned while observing visually the resulting display, so that correct tuning of the head can easily be realized.

Moreover, the present invention is characterized by an electronic percussion instrumental system comprising further an arithmetic computation compensating means for compensating the arithmetic computations in the aforesaid means for detecting the position of percussion point in response to a tuning state of the aforesaid head.

Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, the arithmetic computations for detecting the percussion point positional information in response to tuning of the head are compensated, the position of percussion point is also compensated in response to tuning of the head, whereby it becomes possible to display the correct position of percussion point.

Still further, the present invention is characterized by an electronic percussion instrumental system which detects percussion as electric signal and generates musical tone based on the electric signal thus detected comprising a tunable head; a means for detecting a position of percussion point for detecting the position of percussion point upon the aforesaid head; and a display means for effecting a display in response to the results detected by the aforesaid means for detecting the position of percussion point; a percussion point positional mark for tuning being provided on the aforesaid head.

Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, since a tuning operation can be conducted by a user in accordance with such a manner that a place marked with a percussion point positional mark is percussed by the user, and the result detected at that time by the position of percussion point detecting means is confirmed while watching the display means, tuning operation can simply be carried out without relying upon user's sense.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will become more fully understood from the detailed description given hereinafter and the accompanying drawings which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the present invention, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a constitutional block diagram showing an example of manner of practice of the electronic percussion instrumental system according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a percussion detecting apparatus;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a head;

FIG. 5 is a perspectively exploded view of the head;

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a case where directions in weave patterns of a first net and a second net intersect obliquely;

FIGS. 7(a), 7(b), and 7(c) are explanatory views wherein FIG. 7(a) is a fragmentary view taken in the direction of the arrow A of FIG. 7(b), FIG. 7(b) is a front view, and FIG. 7(c) is a fragmentary view taken in the direction of the arrow C of FIG. 7(b), respectively.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3 in the case when the head is percussed with a stick;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3 in the case when the rim is percussed with a stick;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3 in the case when the head is either brushed or percussed with a brush;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of the main routine executed by a CPU;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a DSP percussion signal processing routine executed by the DSP;

FIGS. 13(a) and 13(b) are explanatory views for characteristic properties of a head composed of a net-like raw material wherein FIG. 13(a) shows the positions of percussion point, and FIG. 13(b) shows the output waveforms, respectively;

FIG. 14 is a functional block diagram showing the constitution of a means for detecting the position of percussion point in a DSP in a normal performance mode;

FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing the characteristic properties of table 1;

FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing the characteristic properties of table 2;

FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a tuning processing routine executed by the CPU;

FIGS. 18(a), 18(b), and 18(c) are explanatory diagrams showing examples of display mode in percussion point positional information AP by means of a display unit wherein FIG. 18(a) shows the first displaying example, FIG. 18(b) shows the second displaying example, and FIG. 18(c) shows figures indicating a variety of the percussion point positional information AP in the display column for the percussion point positional information AP in FIG. 18(b), respectively;

FIG. 19 is a flowchart of a normal performance processing routine executed by the CPU;

FIG. 20 is a schematic top view of a percussion detecting apparatus showing an example of percussion point positional mark displayed on the top of a head;

FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing a typical operational procedure for the tuning operation of a head;

FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the percussion detecting apparatus corresponding to FIG. 2;

FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the percussion detecting apparatus corresponding to FIG. 2;

FIGS. 24(a) and 24(b) are schematic top views of a percussion detecting apparatuses each showing an example of percussion point positional mark displayed on the top of the head wherein FIGS. 24(a) and 24(b) show different examples from each other; and

FIG. 25 is an explanatory view showing another example of display mode in the percussion point positional information AP by means of a display unit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

An example of manner of practice of the electronic percussion instrumental system and the percussion detecting apparatus in the electronic percussion instrumental system according to the present invention will be described in detail hereinafter in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a constitutional block diagram showing an example of manner of practice of the electronic percussion instrumental system according to the present invention wherein the electronic percussion instrumental system comprises a percussion detecting apparatus 10 provided with a head sensor 14 functioning as a percussion detecting means for detecting percussion applied to a head 12 the surface of which is composed of a net-like raw material which will be described hereunder, and a rim-shot sensor 18 for detecting percussion applied to a rim 16; an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 20 which performs analog-to-digital conversion of the detected signals output from the head sensor 14 and the rim-shot sensor 18 in time-sharing manner and inputs the converted signals to a DSP 22 which will be mentioned hereinafter; the DSP 22 which detects the percussion applied to the head 12, the intensity thereof, the position of percussion from the detected signals which are derived from the head sensor 14 and which were input from the analog-to-digital converter 20 as well as performance by means of a brush, and in addition, the DSP detecting also the percussion applied to the rim 16 and the intensity thereof from the detected signals which are derived from the rim-shot sensor 18 and which were input from the analog-to-digital converter 20 to supply the results thus detected to a CPU 24 which will be described hereunder; the CPU 24 which supplies the output from the DSP 22 to a sound source IC 34, which will be undermentioned, wherein the output is converted into required performance information, as well as detects operations of a group of operation keys 30 which will be mentioned hereinafter, and controls the DSP 22; a read only memory (ROM) 26 storing a program or the like which is to be executed by the CPU 24, a random access memory (RAM) 28 functioning as a working area required for executing the program by means of the CPU 24; the group of operation keys 30 including mode selecting keys for setting normal performance mode, brush performance mode or tuning mode, keys for selecting tone color or setting level or the like, and the like keys; a display unit 32 for displaying an operation mode selected by a key in the group of operation keys 30, tone colors required for the tone color selection, and a tuning state in case of tuning mode; the sound source IC 34 which reads a waveform memory 36 which will be undermentioned on the basis of performance information from the CPU 24 to form digital musical tone signals and outputs the signals thus formed to a digital-to-analog (I/A) converter 38 which will be described hereunder; the waveform memory 36 storing sampling waveform data for forming the musical tone signals; and the digital-to-analog converter 38 for converting digital musical tone signals supplied from the sound source IC 34 into analog musical tone signals to output the signals thus converted to a sound system composed of an amplifier, a speaker and the like.

Then, the constitution of the percussion detecting apparatus 10 will be described by referring to FIG. 2 being a perspective view showing the percussion detecting apparatus 10 and FIG. 3 being a sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG. 2.

The percussion detecting apparatus 10 contains a cylindrical barrel section 50, and around the outer circumference of the barrel section 50 are formed protrusively engaging portions 52 each having a tapped hole (not shown) provided with a thread groove (not shown) with a prescribed interval along the diametrical direction of the barrel section. Into the engaging portion 52 is screwed an engaging pin 54 on which is formed a thread ridge to be combined with the thread groove formed on the engaging portion 52, so that the head 12 and the rim 16 are fixed to the barrel section 50 through the engaging pin 54. Furthermore, a locking projection 54a for locking the rim 16 is formed on the engaging pin 54.

The head 12 is prepared as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 in such a manner that a net-like raw material composed of a first net 56 and a second net 58, each of which is woven in accordance with plane weave wherein the longitudinal and transverse fibers cross at right angles, are laminated to one another so as to cross obliquely their longitudinal and transverse weave pattern directions, and the net-like raw material thus arranged is bonded to a frame 60. It is to be noted herein that the expression "the weave pattern direction of the first net 56 crosses obliquely that of the second net 58" means that when the first net 56 wherein the longitudinal and transverse fibers cross at right angles is superposed on the second net 58 wherein the longitudinal and transverse fibers cross at right angles, adjacent fibers in the first net 56 and the second net 58 thus superposed intersect with each other at an angle .alpha. which is smaller than 90 degrees as shown in FIG. 6.

Moreover, on the top of the head 12 is provided a percussion point positional mark M which is formed with a circular contour by means of printing as shown in FIG. 20 and which is used in case of tuning operation.

Furthermore, the rim 16 is prepared by integrally molding a metallic material and is composed of a flange portion 66 which is positioned around the outer circumference of the rim and has hole potions 64 into each of which an engaging pin 54 can be inserted, and a rim percussion portion 68 which is ascendingly formed and extended from the flange portion 66 around the inner circumference thereof. The top of the rim percussion portion 68 is covered with a covering member 70 made from an elastic material such as rubber, sponge and the like.

A manner for fixing the head 12 and the rim 16 to the barrel section 50 each of them having the structure described above is such that the head 12 is first put on the barrel section 50, then, the rim 16 is put on the head 12, and the positions of them are adjusted in such a way that each hole portion 64 of the rim 16 communicates with each tapped hole defined on each engaging portion 52 of the barrel section 50. Thereafter, each engaging pin 54 is inserted into each hole portion 64 of the rim 16 as well as into each tapped hole defined on each engaging portion 52 of the barrel section 50, and the thread ridge of each engaging pin 54 is threadedly combined with the thread groove in each engaging portion 52 of the barrel section 52, so that the head 12 and the rim 16 are forcedly fixed to the barrel section 50 by means of the locking projection 54a of each engaging pin 54.

More specifically, with the progress of screwing each engaging pin 54 in the tapped hole in each engaging portion 52 of the barrel section 50, the flange portion 66 of the rim 16 is pressed downwards in FIG. 3 by means of each locking projection 54a, so that the frame 60 of the head 12 is also pressed downwards through the flange portion 66. As a result, the first net 56 and the second net 58 the downward movement of which are restricted by an upper end portion 50a of the barrel section 50, respectively, are stretched over the barrel section 50 with a prescribed tension. Thus, when an amount of screwing each engaging pin 54 in each tapped hole defined on each engaging portion 52 of the barrel section 50 is adjusted, the tension of the first net 56 and the second net 58 can be arbitrarily controlled, whereby tuning of the head 12 can be carried out.

Furthermore, a head sensor supporting material 72 is placed in the barrel section 50 in such that the head sensor supporting material 72 intersects the position of the axial center of the barrel section 50. A head sensor 14 is bonded to the top of the head sensor supporting material 72 at the central portion thereof by means of a cushioning double-coated tape 78 which will be described hereinafter so as to be in contact with the second net 58. In other words, the head sensor 14 is disposed on the under surface of the net-like raw material composed of the first net 56 and the second net 58 in the head 12 at the center thereof in contact therewith.

As shown in FIGS. 7(a), 7(b), and 7(c), the head sensor 14 is provided with a disc-shaped piezoelectric element 76 containing wires for output signal 74, and to the under surface of the piezoelectric element 76 is bonded the cushioning double-coated tape 78. A diameter of the cushioning double-coated tape 78 is made to coincide with an node diameter of the piezoelectric element 76.

Furthermore, to the top of the piezoelectric element 76 is bonded a frustoconical cushioning member 80 made from an elastic material such as rubber, sponge and the like. The cushioning member 80 has a bottom surface of a larger diameter than that of the piezoelectric element 76, the cross section of which tapers off upwardly, and it is in contact with the second net 58 at the extreme end of the cushioning member 80 of a thin diameter.

Moreover, in the vicinity of the rim percussion portion 68 disposed on the upper portion inside the barrel section 50 is bonded the rim-shot sensor 18 by means of the cushioning double-coated tape 78. The rim-shot sensor 18 is provided with the disc-shaped piezoelectric element 76 containing wires for output signal 74, and to the under surface of the piezoelectric element 76 is bonded the cushioning double-coated tape 78. The diameter of the cushioning double-coated tape 78 is made to coincide with the node diameter of the piezoelectric element 76.

Namely, in the electronic percussion instrumental system according to the present invention, a member obtained by removing the cushioning member 80 from the head sensor 14 is used as the rim-shot sensor 18, whereby improvements in efficiency of parts to be used are intended.

In this electronic percussion instrumental system, a variety of heads 12 having different diameters as well as a variety of the barrel sections 50 being adapted for such various heads and the like members are prepared, whereby a size of the head 12 is suitably changed.

In the constitution as described above, when the head 12 is percussed with a stick 100 (see FIG. 8), the head sensor 14 detects the percussion, while when the rim 16 is percussed with the stick 100 (see FIG. 9, but it is to be noted that both the head 12 and the rim 16 are percussed with the stick 100 in FIG. 9), the rim-shot sensor 18 detects the percussion. Further, when the head 12 is brushed or percussed with a brush 102 (see FIG. 10), the head sensor 14 detects the contact of the brush 102 with the head 12.

In these circumstances, when the head 12 is percussed with the stick 100, extremely good percussion feeling closely resembling the percussion feeling in the case when the head of an acoustic drum is percussed can be obtained because of the elasticity of a net-like raw material composed of the first net 56 and the second net 58.

In addition, since the first net 56 and the second net 58 which have been woven in accordance with plane weaving manner wherein the longitudinal and transverse fibers cross at right angles are laminated obliquely with each other in the net-like raw material, the tension is uniformized over the whole surface of the net-like raw material, so that there is little variations in percussion feeling due to differences in the position percussed, and as a result, output waveforms from the head sensor 12 become the ones which are easily processed.

As described above, performance played by percussing the head 12 is controlled by output waveforms from the head sensor 14 being in contact with the under surface of the center in the first net 56 and the second net 58 of the head 12. In this respect, since the head sensor 14 is positioned at the center of the first net 56 and the second net 58 of the head 12, variations in output waveforms due to differences in the position of the head 12 percussed become concentric circular form, so that variations in tone color simulating acoustic drum are easily expressed.

Moreover, since the cushioning member 80 of the head sensor 14 is in contact with the under surface of the center of the second net 58 of the head 12, oscillation of the head 12 attenuates rapidly so that the output signal attenuates also rapidly, whereby erroneous detecting operation in case of percussing the head 12 in a rapid and repeated manner is prevented.

Further, since the cushioning member 80 bonded to the top of the piezoelectric 76 of the head sensor 14 is in contact with the second net 58 of the head 12 at the site of the frustoconical extreme end portion having a thin diameter and a small area, vibrations of percussion in the head 12 are hardly transmitted directly to the piezoelectric element 76, so that damage of the piezoelectric element 76 is suppressed.

In addition, since a diameter of the cushioning double-coated tape 78 bonded to the under surface of the piezoelectric element 76 is made to be equal to the node diameter, sensitivity of the piezoelectric element 76 increases, so that delicate variations in the oscillation due to differences in positions percussed can be more precisely detected.

Still further, since air passes through openings of stitches in the net-like raw material composed of the first net 56 and the second net 58, percussion sound in the case when the head 12 is percussed is extremely small. Such percussion sound in case of percussing the head 12 is dependent upon a ratio of openings in the net-like raw material composed of the first net 56 and the second net 58, and therefore, the higher ratio of openings brings about the smaller percussion sound. However, an excessive ratio of openings results in low tension of the first net 56 and the second net 58 so that the percussion feeling deteriorates. Accordingly, it is preferred to suitably keep a balance between the percussion feeling and the ratio of openings.

Yet further, since the rim 16 is covered with the covering member 70, the percussion sound in case of percussing the rim 16 is also reduced.

In this respect, the oscillation in case of percussing the rim 16 is mostly transmitted to the barrel 50, the performance played by percussing the rim 16 can be controlled in accordance with output waveforms in the rim-shot sensor 18 attached to the barrel 50.

In the following, electrical processing contents in the electronic percussion instrumental system according to the present invention will be described by referring to the accompanying flowcharts.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of the main routine executed by the CPU 24 wherein when the power is turned on, first, memories, registers and the like are initialized (step S802).

Then, it is judged which operational mode has been set, i.e., it is judged whether a tuning mode which changes percussion feeling of the head 12 by adjusting tension in the net-like raw material of the head 12, or a normal performance mode which sounds percussion instrumental sounds by detecting percussion upon the head 12 and percussion upon the rim 16, or a brushing performance mode which sounds percussion instrumental sounds by detecting either brushing or percussing the head 12 with the brush 102 has been established (step S804) by supervising an operational state of mode selecting keys of the group of operation keys 30.

As a result, when it has been judged that the tuning mode had been set in the step S804, the DSP 22 is set to the tuning mode, whereby the DSP 22 is adapted to be set so as to execute the DSP percussion signal processing routine shown in FIG. 12 (step S806). Thereafter, the tuning processing routine executed by the CPU 24 shown in FIG. 17 is executed (step S808), then, processing for stopping the tuning mode by means of the DSP 22 is conducted (step S810), and the procedure returns to the step S804.

On one hand, when it has been judged that the normal performance mode had been set in the step S804, the DSP 22 is set to the normal performance mode, whereby the DSP 22 is adapted to be set so as to execute the DSP percussion signal processing routine shown in FIG. 12 (step S812). Thereafter, the normal performance processing routine by the CPU 24 shown in FIG. 19 is executed (step S814), then, processing for stopping the normal performance mode in the DSP 22 is conducted (step S816), and the procedure returns to the step S804.

On the other hand, when it has been judged that the brushing performance mode had been set in the step S804, the DSP 22 is set to the brushing performance mode (step S818). Thereafter, the brushing performance processing routine by the CPU 24 is executed, then, processing for stopping the brushing performance mode in the DSP 22 is conducted (step S816), and the procedure returns to the step S804. It is to be noted that since the processing for brushing performance mode is not related to the subject matter of the present invention, the detailed description therefor will be omitted.

In the following, the DSP percussion signal processing routine executed by the DSP 22 shown in FIG. 12 will be described, and the this processing is based on the following characteristic features.

Namely, when detection signal of the head sensor 14 in the case when the head 12 composed of a net-like raw material is percussed is observed, there is such a characteristic that a first half-wave time changes dependent on a position of percussion point in a certain frequency band. More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 13(a) and 13(b), when the first half-wave time in the case where the center of the head 12 is percussed (position of percussion point A), the first half-wave time in the case where the outer circumference of the head 12 is percussed (position of percussion point C), and the first half-wave time in the case where the intermediate point defined between the center and the outer circumference of the head 12 is percussed (position of percussion point B) are represented by T.sub.A, T.sub.C, and T.sub.B, respectively, the relationship between them is expressed as follows. T.sub.A>T.sub.B>T.sub.C.

As described above, when the head 12 composed of a net-like raw material is percussed, with the movement of position of the percussion point from the center to the outer circumference, a first half-wave time shortens gradually.

On one hand, when tuning of the head 12 is made high, i.e., tension of the head 12 is increased, the first half-wave times T.sub.A, T.sub.B, and T.sub.C shorten, respectively, while maintaining the relationship "T.sub.A>T.sub.B>T.sub.C". On the other hand, when tuning of the head 12 is made low, i.e., tension of the head 12 is decreased, the first half-wave times T.sub.A, T.sub.B, and T.sub.C lengthen, respectively, while maintaining the relationship "T.sub.A>T.sub.B>T.sub.C".

FIG. 14 is a functional block diagram showing the constitution of a means for detecting the position of percussion point in a DSP 22. The outline of DSP percussion signal processing routine will be described by referring to FIG. 14. A detection signal detected by the head sensor 14 is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion by means of the analog-to-digital converter 20, and the signal thus converted is input to a DC cut filter. The DC cut filter means a high pass filter for removing DC component. The DC component of the detection signal thus input to the DC cut filter is removed, and is input to a low pass filter (LP filter) removing unnecessary high pass component. Then, the detection signal from which unnecessary high pass component has been removed is input to a first half-wave detection circuit. The first half-wave detection circuit detects the leading edge of waveform of the detection signal thus input and the first zero cross, whereby the first half-wave is detected. A counter operates for counting during only a period wherein the first half-wave detection circuit detects first half-wave, and an arithmetic circuit calculates the position of percussion point from the count value of the counter. The position of percussion point thus calculated is input to the CPU 24 as percussion point positional information in head.

The DSP percussion signal processing routine will be described herein in detail by referring to FIG. 12 wherein this DSP percussion signal processing routine is executed repeatedly in every sampling periods of the analog-to-digital converter 12.

It is to be noted that since the above described functional block diagram shown in FIG. 14 indicates only the function for detecting percussion point positional information in head, a function for detecting percussion force information shown in FIG. 12 has been omitted. Furthermore, the functions for DC cut filter and LP filter shown in FIG. 14 are considered in FIG. 12 to be included in the processing for inputting sampling data S (step S902), so that the clear indication thereof is omitted for simplifying the flowchart.

In the DSP percussion signal processing routine, the sampling data S is first input (step S902), and it is judged whether the leading edge has been detected or not (step S904). In the case where it was judged that the leading edge had been detected, a timer T is reset (step S906), then, a first count flag cf is turned ON (step S908), and a maximum value detection flag mf is turned ON (step S910).

The detection of leading edge in the step S904 may be conducted specifically by either a manner wherein a difference between the present sampling data S and the preceding sampling data is determined; and if the difference is higher than the prescribed value which has been previously set, it is judged that there was a leading edge, or a well-known manner for detecting leading edge of input signal.

Furthermore, the timer T is a means for measuring a prescribed period of time for detecting the maximum value of detection signal wherein the prescribed period of time is decided by a register time for storing the time which has been previously set.

The first half-wave count flag cf is a flag representing whether counting processing for the first half-wave counter ct is to be made or not. When the first half-wave count flag cf has been turned ON, the counting processing for the first half-wave counter ct is made, while the counting processing for the first half-wave counter ct is not made in the case when the first half-wave count flag cf has been turned OFF.

A maximum value detection flag mf is a flag representing whether detection processing for the maximum value of input data is to be made or not. When the maximum value detection flag mf has been turned ON, the detection processing for the maximum value is made, while the detection processing for the maximum value is not made, in the case when the maximum value detection flag mf has been turned OFF.

In either the case where the processing in step S910 has been completed or the case where it has been judged that the leading edge had not been detected in the step S904, the procedure proceeds to step S912 wherein it is judged whether or not the first half-wave count flag has been turned ON.

It is to be noted herein that the step S912, step S914, step S916, and step S918 relate to first half-wave count processing. In other words, the first half-wave count flag cf is turned ON from the step S912, and the first half-wave counter ct is incremental until the first half-wave is completed.

More specifically, when it is judged that the first half-wave count flag has not been turned ON, i.e., the first half-wave count flag has been turned OFF, the procedure jumps to step S920 without accompanying the processing in the step S914, the step S916, and the step S918.

On the other hand, when it is judged that the first half-wave count flag has been turned ON in the step S912, it is judged whether or not the first half-wave has been completed (step S914). Then, when it is judged that the first half-wave has not been completed, the first half-wave counter ct is made incremental (step S916), while when it is judged that the first half wave has been completed, the first half-wave count flag cf is turned ON (step S918), and the procedure proceeds to the step S920.

The completion of the first half-wave in the step S914 corresponds to a point of time where the sampling data cross 0 (zero). Judgment whether the sampling data have crossed 0 (zero) or not may be made at the point of time when sign of the sampling data S turns, the contents of the judgment being such that the sampling data have crossed 0 (zero).

In the step S920, it is judged whether the maximum value detection flag mf has been turned ON or not, and as a result, when it is judged that the maximum value detection flag mf has not been turned ON, i.e., it is judged that the maximum value detection flag mf has not been turned OFF, the DSP percussion signal processing routine is completed without taking a further step any more.

On the other hand, when it is judged that the maximum value detection flag mf has been turned ON, it is further judged whether or not a timer T is larger than the register time (step S922).

As a result, when the timer T is equal to or less than the register time, in other words, during a period where the maximum value detection flag mf has been turned ON and the timer T is equal to or less than the register time in the step S922, the maximum value detection processing is executed in step S924 and step S926.

More specifically, the timer T is made incremental (step S924), the maximum value max is compared with the absolute value of the sample data S to rewrite the larger value into the maximum value max (step S916), and the DSP percussion signal processing routine is completed.

Therefore, the maximum value max corresponds to the maximum value of a percussion signal within a prescribed time and decided by the register time.

Furthermore, when the maximum value detection processing is completed as a result of such judgment that the timer T is larger than the register time in the step S922, the maximum value detection flag mf is turned OFF (step S928).

Then, the first half-wave counter ct is converted into a percussion point positional information AP by employing table 1 which is a percussion point positional table for converting a first half-wave count value being a value of the first half-wave counter ct into the percussion point positional information AP (step S930).

It is to be noted herein that the table 1 which is a percussion point positional table for converting a first half-wave count value being a value of the first half-wave counter ct into the percussion point positional information AP is selected in accordance with head type or tuning type.

The head type is decided in response to a size of the head 12 so that TOM 1, TOM 2, and SNARE are established in the present electronic percussion instrumental system. On one hand, the tuning type is decided in accordance with a tuning state of the head 12, i.e., in response to tension of the head 12 so that "loose", "medium" and "tight" are established in the present electronic percussion instrumental system.

As described above, since three kinds of the head type and three kinds of the tuning type have been established in the present electronic percussion instrumental system, so that the table 1 of total nine kinds is provided.

In FIG. 15, characteristics of the respective tuning types of loose, medium, and tight are indicated in the case where the head type is SNARE in respect of the table 1. A position of percussion point A (center), a position of percussion point B (intermediate), and a position of percussion point C (outer circumference) in the percussion point positional information AP correspond to the position of percussion point A, the position of percussion point B, and the position of percussion point C in FIG. 10, respectively.

When completed the processing in the step 930, the procedure proceeds to step S932 wherein the percussion point positional information AP is converted into a percussion force correcting coefficient K by employing a table 2 which is a percussion force correcting table for converting the percussion positional information AP obtained in the step S930 into the percussion force correcting coefficient K (step S932).

It is to be noted herein that the table 2 which is the percussion force correcting table for converting the percussion positional information AP is selected in response to head type and tuning type as in the case of the table 1.

As described above, since three kinds of the head type, i.e., TOM 1, TOM 2, and SNARE as well as three kinds of the tuning type, i.e., "loose", "medium, and "tight" have been established in the present electronic percussion instrumental system, so that the table 2 of total nine kinds is provided.

In FIG. 16, characteristics of the respective tuning types of loose, medium, and tight are indicated in the case where the head type is SNARE in respect of the table 2. A position of percussion point A (center), a position of percussion point B (intermediate), and a position of percussion point C (outer circumference) in the percussion point positional information AP correspond to the position of percussion point A, the position of percussion point B, and the position of percussion point C in FIG. 10, respectively.

For instance, in the example shown in FIG. 16, when the tuning type is loose, "K=1" in the position of percussion point A (center), "K=4/3" in the position of percussion point B (intermediate), and "K=3" in the position of percussion point C (outer circumference).

These head types and tuning types may be represented by numerical values, and further the table 1 as well as the table 2 are not limited to the nine kinds, respectively.

When the processing in the step S932 is completed, the procedure proceeds to step S934 wherein compensation arithmetic processing in which the maximum value max is multiplied by the percussion force correcting coefficient K is conducted to calculate compensated percussion force information V.

When completed the step S934, the procedure proceeds to step S936 wherein a sounding flag gf in the CPU 24 is turned ON, the percussion point positional information AP and the percussion force information V are set in the CPU 24, and the DSP percussion signal processing routine is completed.

Then, the tuning processing routine executed by the CPU in the step S808 will be described by referring to FIG. 17.

In this tuning processing routine, it is judged whether or not there was an indication of change in a head type or a tuning type by operating a head type setting operation key (key for setting the head type) or a tuning type setting operation key (key for setting the tuning type) contained in the group of operation keys 30 (step S1402). At the time of turning on the power, a register head storing a head type and a register tuning storing a tuning type are also set in response to the initialized state of the head type setting operation key and the tuning type setting operation key in accordance with the processing of initialization in the step S802, respectively.

After such judgment that change of head type or tuning type had been indicated by the operation of the head type setting key or the tuning type setting key of the group of operation keys 30 in the step S1402, it is judged whether or not the change of head type has been indicated (step S1404).

When it was judged that the change of head type had been indicated, stored contents of the register head are changed in accordance with this indication of change (step S1406).

In either the case where the processing in step S1406 has been completed, or the case where it was judged that the change of head type had not been indicated in the step S1404, it is judged whether or not the change of tuning type has been indicated (step S1048).

When it was judged that the change of tuning type had been indicated, the stored contents of the register tuning is changed in accordance with this indication of change (step S1410).

In either the case where the processing in step S1410 has been completed, or the case where it was judged that the change of tuning type had not been indicated in the step S1408, the table 1 or the table 2 is selected in accordance with the stored contents of the register head or the register tuning, and it is set to the DSP 22 (step S1412).

As a result of conducting the procedure as described above, in either the case where the processing in step S1412 has been completed, or the case where it was judged that both the head type setting key or the tuning type setting key in the group of operation keys 30 had not been operated so that no change of the head type and the tuning type had not been indicated, the percussion point positional information AP sent out from the DSP 22 is displayed on the display unit 32 (step S1414). More specifically, the percussion point positional information AP set in the CPU in the DSP percussion signal processing routine is displayed on the display unit 32.

In FIGS. 18(a), 18(b) and 18(c) are shown examples of manner of displaying the percussion point positional information AP displayed on the display unit 32 in the step S1414 wherein FIG. 18(a) shows a first displaying example, FIG. 18(b) shows a second displaying example, and FIG. 18(c) shows marks representing a variety of percussion point positional information AP being displayed in a display column for the percussion point positional information AP in FIG. 18(b), respectively. In FIGS. 18(a) and 18(b), it is arranged in suc