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Light emitting device Number:7,402,948 from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) owispatent

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Title: Light emitting device

Abstract: Not all of light generated in the light emitting layer comprising the organic material are taken out in the desirable direction. For example, light emitted in the lateral direction (the direction parallel to the substrate face) is not taken out and therefore is a loss. An object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting device structured so as to increase the amount of light which is taken out in a certain direction after emitted from a light emitting element, as well as a method of manufacturing this light emitting device.In the present invention, an upper end portion of an insulating material 19 that covers an end portion of a first electrode 18 is formed to have a curved surface having a radius of curvature, a second electrode 23a is formed to have a slant face as going from its center portion toward its end portion along the curved surface. Light emitted from a light emitting layer comprising an organic material 20 that is formed on the second electrode 23a is reflected at the slant face of the second electrode 23a to increase the total amount of light taken out in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1A.

Patent Number: 7,402,948 Issued on 07/22/2008 to Yamazaki,   et al.


Inventors: Yamazaki; Shunpei (Tokyo, JP), Seo; Satoshi (Kanagawa, JP), Kuwabara; Hideaki (Kanagawa, JP)
Assignee: Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. (JP)
Appl. No.: 10/422,380
Filed: April 24, 2003


Foreign Application Priority Data

Apr 26, 2002 [JP] 2002-125970

Current U.S. Class: 313/506 ; 313/503; 313/504; 313/509; 445/24
Current International Class: H01J 40/00 (20060101)
Field of Search: 313/506,503,509,492,498,917,512,504 428/690,917 445/24,25 257/79-106,59


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Primary Examiner: Patel; Ashok
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Cook, Alex, McFarron, Manzo, Cummings & Mehler, Ltd.

Claims



What is claimed is:

1. A light emitting device possessing plural light emitting elements, comprising: a first electrode connected to one of a source region of a thin film transistor and a drain region of the thin film transistor, an insulating material coveting an end portion of the first electrode, a second electrode covering a side face of the insulating material and contacting with the first electrode, a light emitting layer comprising an organic material on the second electrode and a portion of the insulating material, and a third electrode on the light emitting layer comprising the organic material and a portion of the insulating material, wherein the insulating material has a curved surface possessing a first radius of curvature in its upper end portion and a curved surface possessing a second radius of curvature in its lower end portion, and the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature are 0.2 .mu.m to 3 .mu.m.

2. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode is the same in its electric potential as the second electrode, and is one of an anode and a cathode.

3. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode is formed in a concave shape partially having a curved surface, and reflects a light emitted from the light emitting layer comprising the organic material.

4. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the center portion of the second electrode contacts with the first electrode, and the insulating material exists between the end portion of the first electrode and an end portion of the second electrode.

5. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the third electrode is a conductive film through which a light is transmitted.

6. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting layer comprising the organic material emitting a monochromatic light, and is combined with a color changing layer.

7. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting device is one of selected from the group consisting of a video camera, a digital camera, a goggle type display, a car navigation, a personal computer, a DVD player, an electronic game equipment and a portable information terminal.

8. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the second electrode has a slant face, and its slant angle is 30.degree. to 70.degree..

9. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting layer comprising the organic material comprises one of a material emitting a red light, a material emitting a green light and a material emitting a blue light.

10. A light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the tight emitting layer comprising the organic material comprises a material emitting a white light, and is combined with a color filter.

11. A light emitting device possessing plural light emitting elements, comprising: a transistor, an interlayer insulating film over the transistor, a first electrode electrically connected to the transistor through a contact hole of the interlayer insulating film, an insulating material covering an end portion of the first electrode, a second electrode covering a side face of the insulating material and contacting with the first electrode, a light emitting layer comprising an organic material on the second electrode and a portion of the insulating material, and a third electrode on the light emitting layer comprising the organic material and a portion of the insulating material, wherein the insulating material has a curved surface possessing a first radius of curvature in its upper end portion and a curved surface possessing a second radius of curvature in its lower end portion, and the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature are 0.2 .mu.m to 3 .mu.m.

12. A light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the first electrode is the same in its electric potential as the second electrode, and is one of an anode and a cathode.

13. A light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the second electrode is formed in a concave shape partially having a curved surface, and reflects a light emitted from the light emitting layer comprising the organic material.

14. A light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the center portion of the second electrode contacts with the first electrode, and the insulating material exists between the end portion of the first electrode and an end portion of the second electrode.

15. A light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the third electrode is a conductive film through which a light is transmitted.

16. A light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the second electrode has a slant Thee, and its slant angle is 30.degree. to 70.degree..

17. A light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the light emitting layer comprising the organic material comprises one of a material emitting a red light, a material emitting a green light and a material emitting a blue light.

18. A light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the light emitting layer comprising the organic material comprises a material emitting a white light, and is combined with a color filter.

19. A light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the light emitting layer comprising the organic material is a material emitting a monochromatic light, and is combined with a color changing layer.

20. A light emitting device according to claim 11, wherein the light emitting device is one of selected from the group consisting of a video camera, a digital camera, a goggle type display, a ear navigation, a personal computer, a DVD player, an electronic game equipment and a portable information terminal.

21. A light emitting device possessing plural light emitting elements, comprising: a transistor, an interlayer insulating film over the transistor, a first electrode electrically connected to the transistor through a contact hole of the interlayer insulating film, an insulating material covering an end portion of the first electrode, a second electrode covering a side face of the insulating material and contacting with the first electrode, a light emitting layer comprising an organic material on the second electrode and on a portion of the insulating material, and a third electrode on the light emitting layer comprising the organic material and a portion of the insulating material, wherein the insulating material has a curved surface possessing a first radius of curvature in its upper end portion and a curved surface possessing a second radius of curvature in its lower end portion, and the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature are 0.2 .mu.m to 3 .mu.m.

22. A light emitting device according to claim 21, wherein the first electrode is the same in its electric potential as the second electrode, and is one of an anode and a cathode.

23. A light emitting device according to claim 21, wherein the second electrode is formed in a concave shape partially having a curved surface, and reflects a light emitted from the light emitting layer comprising the organic material.

24. A light emitting device according to claim 21, wherein the center portion of the second electrode contacts with the first electrode, and the insulating material exists between the end portion of the first electrode and an end portion of the second electrode.

25. A light emitting device according to claim 21, wherein the third electrode is a conductive film through which a light is transmitted.

26. A light emitting device according to claim 21, wherein the second electrode has a slant face, and its slant angle is 30.degree. to 70.degree..

27. A light emitting device according to claim 21, wherein the light emitting layer comprising the organic material comprises one of a material emitting a red light, a material emitting a green light and a material emitting a blue light.

28. A tight emitting device according to claim 21, wherein the light emitting layer comprising the organic material comprises a material emitting a white light, and is combined with a color filter.

29. A light emitting device according to claim 21, wherein the light emitting layer comprising the organic material is a material emitting a monochromatic light, and is combined with a color changing layer.

30. A light emitting device according to claim 21, wherein the light emitting device is one of selected from the group consisting of a video camera, a digital camera, a goggle type display, a car navigation, a personal computer, a DVD player, an electronic game equipment and a portable information terminal.

31. A light emitting device possessing plural light emitting elements, comprising: a first electrode connected to one of a source region of a thin film transistor and a drain region of the thin film transistor, an insulating material covering an end portion of the first electrode, a second electrode containing aluminum covering a side face of the insulating material and contacting with the first electrode, a light emitting layer comprising an organic material on the second electrode and a portion of the insulating material, and a third electrode on the light emitting layer comprising the organic material and a portion of the insulating material, wherein the insulating material has a curved surface possessing a first radius of curvature in its upper end portion and a curved surface possessing a second radius of curvature in its lower end portion, and the first radius of curvature and the second radius of curvature are 0.2.mu.m to 3 .mu.m.

32. A light emitting device according to claim 31, wherein the first electrode is the same in its electric potential as the second electrode, and is one of an anode and a cathode.

33. A light emitting device according to claim 31, wherein the second electrode is formed in a concave shape partially having a curved surface, and reflects a light emitted from the light emitting layer comprising the organic material.

34. A light emitting device according to claim 31, wherein the center portion of the second electrode contacts with the first electrode, and the insulating material exists between the end portion of the first electrode and an end portion of the second electrode.

35. A light emitting device according to claim 31, wherein the third electrode is a conductive film through which a light is transmitted.

36. A light emitting device according to claim 31, wherein the second electrode has a slant face, and its slant angle is 30.degree. to 70.degree..

37. A light emitting device according to claim 31, wherein the light emitting layer comprising the organic material comprises one of a material emitting a red light, a material emitting a green light and a material emitting a blue light.

38. A light emitting device according to claim 31, wherein the light emitting layer comprising the organic material comprises a material emitting a white light, and is combined with a color filter.

39. A light emitting device according to claim 31, wherein the light emitting layer comprising the organic material is a material emitting a monochromatic light, and is combined with a color changing layer.

40. A light emitting device according to claim 31, wherein the light emitting device is one of selected from the group consisting of a video camera, a digital camera, a goggle type display, a car navigation, a personal computer, a DVD player, an electronic game equipment and a portable information terminal.
Description



BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a light emitting device with a light emitting element that emits fluorescent light or phosphorescent light upon application of electric field to a pair of electrodes of the element which sandwich a organic compound-containing layer (hereinafter, a light emitting layer comprising an organic material), and to a method of manufacturing the light emitting device. In this specification, the term light emitting device includes an image display device, a light emitting device and a light source (including illuminating device). Also, the following modules are included in the definition of the light emitting device: a module obtained by attaching to a light emitting device a connector such as an FPC (flexible printed circuit; terminal portion), a TAB (tape automated bonding) tape, or a TCP (tape carrier package); a module in which a printed wiring board is provided at an end of the TAB tape or the TCP; and a module in which an IC (integrated circuit) is directly mounted to a light emitting element by the COG (chip on glass) system.

2. Description of the Related Art

Light emitting elements, which employ organic compounds as light emitting member and are characterized by their thinness and light-weight, fast response, and direct current low voltage driving, are expected to develop into next-generation flat panel displays. Among display devices, ones having light emitting elements arranged to form a matrix shape are considered to be particularly superior to the conventional liquid crystal display devices for their wide viewing angle and excellent visibility.

It is said that light emitting elements emit light through the following mechanism: a voltage is applied between a pair of electrodes that sandwich a light emitting layer comprising an organic material, electrons injected from the cathode and holes injected from the anode are re-combined at the luminescent center of the light emitting layer comprising the organic material to form molecular excitons, and the molecular excitons return to the base state while releasing energy to cause the light emitting element to emit light. Known as excitation states are singlet excitation and triplet excitation, and it is considered that luminescence can be conducted through either one of those excitation states.

Such light emitting devices having light emitting elements arranged to form a matrix can employ passive matrix driving (simple matrix light emitting devices), active matrix driving (active matrix light emitting devices), or other driving methods. However, if the pixel density is increased, active matrix light emitting devices in which each pixel (or each dot) has a switch are considered as advantageous because they can be driven with low voltage.

Organic compounds for forming a layer containing an organic compound (strictly speaking, light emitting layer), which is the main part of a light emitting element, are classified into low molecular weight materials and polymeric (polymer) materials. Both types of materials are being studied but polymeric materials are the ones that are attracting attention because they are easier to handle and have higher heat resistance than low molecular weight materials.

The conventional active matrix type light emitting device has the structure comprising a light emitting element in which an electrode electrically connected with TFT on a substrate is formed as an anode, a light emitting layer comprising an organic material is formed thereon, and cathode is formed thereon. And light generated at the light emitting layer comprising the organic material can be observed at the TFT side through the anode that is a transparent electrode.

Therefore, manufactured in the present invention is an active matrix light emitting device that has a light emitting element with a structure called a top emission structure. In the top emission structure, a TFT side electrode which is electrically connected to a TFT on a substrate serves as an anode, a light emitting layer comprising an organic material is formed on the anode, and a cathode that is a transparent electrode is formed on the light emitting layer comprising the organic material. Or, an active matrix light emitting device that has a light emitting element with the structure in which the first electrode serves as a cathode, a light emitting layer comprising an organic material formed on the cathode, and an anode that is a transparent second electrode formed on the light emitting layer comprising the organic material is formed.

Not all of light generated in the light emitting layer comprising the organic material cannot be observed by observers through the transparent electrode serving as the cathode. For example, light emitted in the lateral direction (the direction parallel to the substrate face) is not taken out and therefore is a loss. An object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting device structured so as to increase the amount of light which is taken out in a certain direction after emitted from a light emitting element, as well as a method of manufacturing this light emitting device.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A problem of the top emission structure is that its transparent electrode has high film resistance. The film resistance becomes higher when the thickness of the transparent electrode is reduced. When the transparent electrode that serves as an anode or a cathode is high in film resistance, a voltage drop makes the intra-plane electric potential distribution uneven and the luminance becomes fluctuated among light emitting elements. Another object of the present invention is therefore to provide a light emitting device structured so as to lower the film resistance of a transparent electrode in a light emitting element, as well as a method of manufacturing the light emitting device. Still another object of the present invention is to provide an electric appliance that uses this light emitting device as its display unit.

In the present invention, the first electrode is formed, and insulating materials (also referred to as a bank or a partition wall) that cover edges of the first electrode, and then, the second electrode is formed to contact with the curved surface of the insulating materials. A light emitting layer comprising an organic material and a cathode are formed on a concave shaped second electrode. The second electrode functions as an anode and is for increasing the amount of light taken out in a certain direction (a direction in which light passes the cathode) by reflecting light emitted in the lateral direction.

Accordingly, the top layer of the second electrode having a slant is preferably made from a metal that reflects light, for example, a material mainly containing aluminum or silver, whereas the center portion that is in contact with the light emitting layer comprising the organic material is formed of an anode material having a large work function or a cathode material having a small work function.

Further, the present invention is for reducing the film resistance of a transparent electrode that serves as a cathode by means of forming wirings (auxiliary wirings) on the insulating materials provided between each pixel electrode simultaneously with a formation of the second electrode. In addition, the present invention also has a characteristic of forming outgoing wirings using the auxiliary wirings to connect with another wirings that are in a bottom layer.

A structure 1 of the invention that is related to a manufacturing method disclosed in this specification is that a light emitting device possessing plural light emitting elements each having, on a substrate possessing insulation surfaces,

a first electrode connected to a source region or a drain region of a thin film transistor,

an insulating material covering an end portion of the first electrode,

a second electrode covering a side face or a part of the side face of the insulating material and contacting with the first electrode,

a organic compound-containing layer contacting with the second electrode, and

a third electrode contacting with the layer.

Further, in the above structure, it is preferable that an auxiliary electrode is formed simultaneously with forming the second electrode in order to reduce the resistance of an upper electrode (the third electrode).

A structure 2 of the another invention is that a light emitting device possessing plural light emitting elements each having, on a substrate possessing insulation surfaces,

a first electrode connected to a source region or a drain region of a thin film transistor,

an insulating material covering an end portion of the first electrode,

a second electrode covering a side face or a part of the side face of the insulating material and contacting with the first electrode,

a organic compound-containing layer contacting with the second electrode,

a third electrode contacting with the layer, and

an auxiliary electrode contacting with the third electrode on the insulating material and becoming the same electric potential,

wherein the auxiliary electrode is the same material as the second electrode.

A light emitting device in the above each structure, wherein the first electrode is the same in its electric potential as the second electrode, and is an anode or a cathode.

A light emitting device in above each structure, wherein the second electrode is formed in a concave shape partially having a curved surface as going from its center portion toward its end portion, and reflects a light emitted from the light emitting layer comprising the organic material.

A light emitting device in the above each structure, wherein the center portion of the second electrode contacts with the first electrode, and the insulating material exists between a


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