Senior Fitness - Exercise and Nutrition for Aging Men and Women
FREE Article Feed for your website.
Bio-Medical Research Article Database
Informative Articles on Life, Love and Happiness
Tutorials on Business to Writing
Famous Quotes from Famous People
Song Lyric Information
New US Patent Information
Comprehensive List of Content by Category
Online Auctions and Shopping Related Articles
Article Search
Most Recent Articles

Nanoparticles and method for making the same Number:7,259,101 from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) owispatent

Home    Author Login    Submit Article    Article Search    Add Your Link    Edit Your Link    Contact Us    Advertising    Disclaimer

   

Google
 

Top Breaking News
     Senegal Youth Mobilizes Before Elections by Nick Loomis
     Turkmenistan Holds Presidential Election by Jessica Golloher
     Maldives' New President Expands Cabinet by VOA News

Title: Nanoparticles and method for making the same

Abstract: A method for making nanoparticles, nanoparticle inks and device layers therefrom is disclosed. In accordance with the present invention, nanoparticles are isolated from a composite material that is formed by treating a metal oxide precursor to form the metal nanoparticles and a metal oxide matrix. The nanoparticles are then isolated from the composite material by etching at least a portion of the metal oxide matrix to release the metal nanoparticles. In accordance with the embodiments of the invention, the nanoparticles are treated with surfactants and wetting agents either while etching or after etching, are isolated from the etchant and dispersed in a solvent medium and/or are otherwise treated or modified for use in a nanoparticle inks. A layer of the metal nanoparticle ink can then be used to form doped, undoped, patterned and unpatterned device layers or structures in micro-devices.

Patent Number: 7,259,101 Issued on 08/21/2007 to Zurcher,   et al.


Inventors: Zurcher; Fabio (Brisbane, CA), Ridley; Brent (San Carlos, CA), Kunze; Klaus (Half Moon Bay, CA), Haubrich; Scott (Castro Valley, CA), Rockenberger; Joerg (Redwood City, CA)
Assignee: Kovio, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA)
Appl. No.: 11/271,042
Filed: November 10, 2005


Related U.S. Patent Documents

Application NumberFiling DatePatent NumberIssue Date
10339741Jan., 20037078276

Current U.S. Class: 438/700 ; 205/674; 438/742; 438/745; 977/888
Current International Class: H01L 21/302 (20060101)
Field of Search: 438/479-509,689,722,723,752,753,756,779,888


References Cited [Referenced By]

U.S. Patent Documents
4130671 December 1978 Nagesh et al.
4186244 January 1980 Deffeyes et al.
4381945 May 1983 Nair
4418099 November 1983 Cuevas et al.
4463030 July 1984 Deffeyes et al.
4487811 December 1984 Eichelberger et al.
4548879 October 1985 St. John et al.
4599277 July 1986 Brownlow et al.
4650108 March 1987 Gallagher
4775439 October 1988 Seeger, Jr. et al.
4808274 February 1989 Nguyen
4859241 August 1989 Grundy
4871790 October 1989 Lamanna et al.
5059242 October 1991 Firmstone et al.
5071826 December 1991 Anderson et al.
5075262 December 1991 Nguyen et al.
5110760 May 1992 Hsu
5147841 September 1992 Wilcoxon
5173330 December 1992 Asano et al.
5183784 February 1993 Nguyen et al.
5250229 October 1993 Hara et al.
5262357 November 1993 Alivisatos et al.
5270368 December 1993 Lent et al.
5281447 January 1994 Brady et al.
5338507 August 1994 Anderson et al.
5378408 January 1995 Carroll et al.
5559057 September 1996 Goldstein
5569448 October 1996 Wong et al.
5576248 November 1996 Goldstein
5587111 December 1996 Watanabe et al.
5690807 November 1997 Clark et al.
5718800 February 1998 Juengling
5728856 March 1998 Denk
5798428 August 1998 Schwab et al.
5882722 March 1999 Kydd
5922403 July 1999 Tecle
5958999 September 1999 Bates et al.
5966580 October 1999 Watanabe et al.
6015596 January 2000 Miwa et al.
6027705 February 2000 Kitsuno et al.
6033783 March 2000 Tanaka et al.
6086790 July 2000 Hayashi et al.
6139626 October 2000 Norris et al.
6159839 December 2000 Jeng et al.
6190731 February 2001 Tecle
6194316 February 2001 Oda et al.
6211285 April 2001 Grunbauer et al.
6254662 July 2001 Murray et al.
6268041 July 2001 Goldstein
6274412 August 2001 Kydd et al.
6277448 August 2001 Strutt et al.
6294401 September 2001 Jacobson et al.
6303499 October 2001 Sato
6306594 October 2001 Cozzette et al.
6313015 November 2001 Lee et al.
6344271 February 2002 Yadav et al.
6348295 February 2002 Griffith et al.
6358611 March 2002 Nagasawa et al.
6372077 April 2002 Tecle
6514801 February 2003 Yudasaka et al.
6518087 February 2003 Furusawa et al.
6524663 February 2003 Kelly et al.
6572673 June 2003 Lee et al.
6576291 June 2003 Bawendi et al.
6585796 July 2003 Hosokura et al.
6586785 July 2003 Flagan et al.
6605496 August 2003 Yamazaki
6630201 October 2003 Chiang et al.
6699723 March 2004 Weiss et al.
6710366 March 2004 Lee et al.
6743406 June 2004 Nayfeh et al.
6878184 April 2005 Rockenberger et al.
6897151 May 2005 Winter et al.
6913865 July 2005 Fedynyshyn
6970239 November 2005 Chan et al.
7151209 December 2006 Empedocles et al.
2001/0021760 September 2001 Matsuki et al.
2002/0018896 February 2002 Fukunaga et al.
2002/0070121 June 2002 Nayfeh et al.
2002/0074547 June 2002 Yudasaka et al.
2002/0104762 August 2002 Stonas et al.
2002/0179906 December 2002 Yudasaka et al.
2003/0010971 January 2003 Zhang et al.
2003/0087485 May 2003 Leung et al.
2003/0180451 September 2003 Kodas et al.
2004/0157414 August 2004 Gole et al.
2005/0029678 February 2005 Hanrath et al.
2005/0072679 April 2005 Nayfeh et al.
2005/0112048 May 2005 Tsakalakos et al.
2005/0164480 July 2005 Haubrich et al.
2005/0266662 December 2005 Yi
2006/0001726 January 2006 Kodas et al.
2006/0009003 January 2006 Romano et al.
2006/0019470 January 2006 Seifert et al.
2006/0046480 March 2006 Guo
2006/0148272 July 2006 Barron et al.
Foreign Patent Documents
1 000 949 May., 2000 EP
2 077 710 Dec., 1981 GB
07-267621 Oct., 1995 JP
09-237927 Sep., 1997 JP
11-014841 Jan., 1999 JP
11-130867 May., 1999 JP
2001-011184 Jan., 2001 JP
2001-055444 Feb., 2001 JP
2001-058996 Mar., 2001 JP
2001-089572 Apr., 2001 JP
2001-244465 Sep., 2001 JP
2001-308020 Nov., 2001 JP
2002-110573 Apr., 2002 JP
2002-110663 Apr., 2002 JP
WO98/04761 Feb., 1998 WO
WO 01/14250 Mar., 2001 WO
WO 01/38222 May., 2001 WO
WO 01/73150 Oct., 2001 WO
WO 01/87775 Nov., 2001 WO
WO 01/88540 Nov., 2001 WO

Other References

"Enhanced Photoluminescence from Si Nano-organosols by Functionalization with Alkenes and Their Size Evolution", Shu-Man Liu et al., 2006, American Chemical Society, p. 637-642. cited by other .
F. Hamelmann et al., "In-Situ Controlled Deposition of Thin Silicon Films by Hot-Filament MOCVD with (C5Me5) Si2H5 and (C5Me4H)SiH3 as Silicon Precursors", Thin Silicon Films by Hot-Filament MOCVD pp. 799-805. cited by other .
A. Klipp et al, "The Synthesis of Cyclopentadienyl Silanes and Disilanes and their Fragmentation under Thermal CVD Conditions", Cyclopentadienyl Silanes and Disilanes, pp. 807-811. cited by other .
E. Hengge et al, "Darstellung ud Eigenshaften von Cyclopentasilan", Institut fur Anorganische Chemie der Technischon Hochschule, (1974), pp. 503-512. cited by other .
E. Hengge et al, "Cyclopentasilane, the First Unsubstituted Cyclic Silicon Hybride", Institut fur Anorganische Chemie der Technischon Hochschule (1972). cited by other .
F. Feher et al, "Weitere Untersuchungen zur Darstellung eines Silangemisches", Z. anorg. Allg. Chem 530 (1985), pp. 191-195. cited by other .
Edwin Hengge et al, "Periodated Cyclosilanes", Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 20 (1981) No. 8, p. 678. cited by other .
Edwin Hengge and Friedrich Lunzer, "Zur Chemie der Cyclohexasilane", Monatshefte fur Chemie 107, (1976), pp. 371-385. cited by other .
Dieter Kovar et al, "Si-NMR-Untersuchungen and einigen Cyclosilanderivaten", Monatshefte for Chemie 110 , (1979), pp. 1295-1300. cited by other .
Harald Stuger et al, "UV/Vis-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Cyclosilanderivaten", Monatshefte for Chemie 119, (1988), pp. 873-887. cited by other .
M. T. Swihart et al, "Modeling the Nucleation Kinetics and Aerosol Dynamics of Particle Formation during CVD of Silicon from Silane", J. Aerosol Sci. vol. 29, Suppl. 1, (1998), pp. S79-S80. cited by other .
Xianmao Lu et al, "Growth of Single Crystal Silicon Nanowires in Supercritical Solution from Tethered Gold Particles on a Silicon Substrate", NANO Letters vol. 0, No. 0, pp. A-G. cited by other .
Zhifeng Ding et al, "Electrochemistry and Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence from Silicon Nanocrystal Quantum Dots", Science vol. 296, May 17, 2002, pp. 1293-1297. cited by other .
Justin D. Holmes et al, "Control of Thickeness and orientation of Solution-Grown Silicon Nanowires", Science vol. 287, Feb. 25, 2000, pp. 1471-1473. cited by other .
Justin D. Holmes et al, "Highly Luminescent Silicon Nanocrystals with Discrete Optical Transitions", Journal of American Chemical Society, vol. 123 (2001), pp. 3743-3748. cited by other .
J. P. Wilcoxon et al, "Synthesis and Optical Properties of Colloidal Germanium Nanocrystals", Physical Review B, vol. 64 (2001), pp. 035417-1-035417-9. cited by other .
J. P. Wilcoxon et al, "Optical and Electronic Properties of Si Nanoclusters Synthesized in inverse Micelles", vol. 60, No. 4, Jul. 15, 1999, pp. 2704-2714. cited by other .
J. P. Wilcoxon et al, "Liquid Chromatographic Analysis and Characterization of Inorganic Nanoclusters", NanoStructured Materials, vol. 9 (1997), pp. 85-88. cited by other .
Frederick C. K. Au et al, "Electron Field Emission from Silicon Nanowires", vol. 75, No. 12, Applied Physics Letters, Sep. 20, 1999, pp. 1700-1702. cited by other .
J. M. Therrien et al, "Synthesis of Ultra-Small Si Nano Particle Colloids and Thin Films-High Temperature Single Electronics", Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 6 pages. cited by other .
Zain Yamami et al., "Excitation of Size Selected Nanocrystallites in Porous Silicon", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 72, No. 20, May 18, 1998, pp. 2556-2558. cited by other .
W. Howard Thompson et al, "The Effect of Ultrathin Oxides on Luminescent Silicon Nanocrystallites", vol. 73, No. 6, Aug. 10, 1998, pp. 841-843. cited by other .
Zain Yamani et al, "Revival of Interband Crystalline Reflectance from Nanocrystallites in Porous Silicon by Immersion Plating", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 74, No. 23, Jun. 7, 1999, pp. 3483-3485. cited by other .
M. Nayfeh et al, "Highly Nonlinear Photoluminescence Threshold in Porous Silicon", Applied Physics Letters. vol. 75, No. 26, Dec. 27, 1999, pp. 4112-4114. cited by other .
Joel Therrien et al, "Light-induced Conductance Resonance in Ultrasmall Si Nanoparticles", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 77, No. 11, Sep. 11, 2000, pp. 1668-1670. cited by other .
O. Alcakir et al, "Detection of Luminescent Single Ultrasmall Silicon Nanoparticles using Fluctuation Correlation Spectroscopy", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 76, No. 14, Apr. 3, 2000, pp. 1857-1859. cited by other .
M. H. Nayfeh et al, "Second Harmonic Generation in Microcrystallite Films of Ultrasmall Si Nanoparticles", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 77, No. 25, Dec. 18, 2000, pp. 4086-4088. cited by other .
Gennadiy Belomoin et al, "Oxide and Hydrogen Capped Ultrasmall Blue Luminescent Si Nanoparticles", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 77, No. 6, Aug. 7, 2000, pp. 779-781. cited by other .
M. H. Nayfeh et al, "Stimulated Blue Emission in Reconstituted Films of Ultrasmall Silicon Nanoparticles", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 78, No. 8, Feb. 19, 2001, pp. 1131-1133. cited by other .
L. MItas et al, "Effect of Surface Reconstruction on the Structural Prototypes of Ultrasmall Ultrabright Si29 Nanoparticles", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 78, No. 13, Mar. 26, 2001, pp. 1918-1920. cited by other .
E. Rogozhina et al, "Si-N Linkage in Ultrabright, Ultrasmall Si Nanoparticles", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 78, No. 23, Jun. 4, 2001, pp. 3711-3713. cited by other .
N. Rigakis et al, "Effects of Oxidation Treatments on Photoluminescence Excitation of Porous Silicon", Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 81, Jan. 1, 1997, pp. 440-444. cited by other .
Zain Yamani et al, "Red to Green Rainbow Photoluminescence from Unoxidized Silicon Nanocrytallites", Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 83, No. 7, Apr. 1, 1998, pp. 3929-3931. cited by other .
Zain Yamani et al, "Ideal Anodization of Silicon", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 70. No. 25, Jun. 23, 1997, pp. 3404-3406. cited by other .
"Superlattice Process Controls Size of Si Nanocrystals on Si Wafers" MRS Bulletin, Dec. 2001. cited by other .
J. Heitmann et al, "Size Controlled nc-Si Synthesis by SiO/SiO2 Superlattices", Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 299-302 (2002), pp. 1075-1078. cited by other .
M. Schmidt et al, "Er Doping of Nanocrystalline-Si/SiO2 Superlattices", Thin Solid Films 397 (2001), pp. 211-215. cited by other .
U. Kahler et al, "Size Evolution and Photoluminescence of Silicon Nanocrystallites in Evaportad SiOx Thin Films upon Thermal Processing", Applied Physics A, vol. 74, (2002), pp. 13-17. cited by other .
Uwe Kahler et al, "Synthesis of Si Nanoparticles within Buried Layers of SiOx", Max Planck Institut fur Mikrostrukturphysik, Halle, Germany. cited by other .
U. Kahler, "Visible Light Emission from Si Nanocrystalline Composites via Reactive Evaporation of SiO", Optical Materials 17, (2001), pp. 83-86. cited by other .
Mikito Mamiya et al, "Preparation of Fine Silicon Particles from Amcrphous Silicon Monoxide by the Disproportionation Reaction", Journal of Crystal Growth 229, (2001), pp. 457-461. cited by other .
Mikito Mamiya et al, "Crystallization of Fine Silicon Particles from Silicon Monoxide", Journal of Crystal Growth 237-239, (2002), pp. 1909-1914. cited by other .
M. Zacharias et al, "Size-controlled Highly Luminescent Silicon Nanocrystals: A SiO/SiO2 Superlattice Approach", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 80, No. 4, Jan. 28, 2002, pp. 661-663. cited by other .
L. A. Nesbit, "Annealing Characteristics of Si-rich SiO2 Films", Appl. Phys. Letters. vol. 46, Jan. 1, 1985, pp. 38-40. cited by other .
G. W. Rubloff, "Defect Microchemistry in SiO2/Si Structures", Journal Vacuum Sci. Technology A vol. 8, May/Jun. 1990, pp. 1857-1863. cited by other .
J. Heitmann et al, "Synthesis and Size-control of Si Nanocrystals by SiO/SiO2 Superlattices", Selected Results, p. 38-39. cited by other .
M. Schmidt et al, "Bright Luminescence from Erbium Doped nc-Si/SiO2 Superlattices", Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids299-302, (2002), pp. 678-682. cited by other .
Margit Zacharias, "Crystallization in the Limit of Ultra Thin Layers--A New Crystallization Model", Material Research Society Symp. vol. 638,, (2001), pp. F6.2.1-F6.2.6. cited by other .
M. Zacharias et al, "Confinement Effects in Crystallization and Er Doping of Si Nanostructures", Physica E 11, (2001), pp. 245-251. cited by other .
M. Zacharias et al, "Crystallization of Amorphous Superlattices in the Limit of Ultrathin Films with Oxide Interfaces", Physical Review B, vol. 62, No. 12, Sep. 15, 2000, pp. 8391-8396. cited by other .
B. J. Hinds et al, "Investigation of Postoxiation Thermal Treatments of Si/SiO2 Interface in Relationship to the Kinetics of Amorphous Si Suboxide Decomposition", Journal Vacuum Sci. Technol. B, Jul./Aug. 1998, pp. 2171-2176. cited by other .
A. Hohl et al, "An Interface Clusters Mixture Model for the Structure of Amorphous Silicon Monoxide (SiO)", White Paper, Darmstadt University of Technology, Institute for Materials Science, Darmstadt, Germany. cited by other .
Satoru Watanabe, "Step Structure of Silicon Surface Hydrogenated in Solution as Revealed with Angle-resolved Polarized Infrared Spectroscopy", Surface Science 415, (1998), pp. 385-391. cited by other .
M. K. Weldon et al, "Si-H Bending Modes as a Probe of Local Chemical Structure: Thermal and Chemical Routes to Decomposition of H2O on Si(100)-(2X1)", Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 113, No. 6, Aug. 8, 2000, pp. 2440-2446. cited by other .
K. T. Queeney et al, "In-Situ FTIR Studies of Reactions at the Silicon/Liquid Interface: Wet Chemical Etching of Ultrathin SiO2 on Si(100)", Journal Phys. Chem. B. vol. 105, (2001), pp. 3903-3907. cited by other .
X. Zhange et al, "Oxidation of H-covered Flat and Vicinal Si(111)-1X1 Surfaces", Journal Vac. Sci. Technol, A 19, Jul./Aug. 2001, pp. 1725-1729. cited by other .
M. K. Weldon et al, "Mechanistic Studies of Silicon Oxidation", Journal Vac. Sci. Technol. A 19, Jul./Aug. 1999, pp. 1795-1802. cited by other .
Y.J. Chabal, "Hydride Formation on the Si(100):H2O Surface", Physical Review B, vol. 29, No. 6, Mar. 15, 1984, pp. 3677-3680. cited by other .
R. Honke et al, "Anharmonic Adlayer Vibrations on the Si(111):H Surface", Physical Review B, vol. 59, No. 16, Apr. 15, 1999, pp. 10 996-11 013. cited by other .
Y. J. Chabal et al, "Silanone (Si=O) on Si(100): Intermediate for Initial Silicon Oxidation", Physical Review Letters B vol. 66, (2002), pp. 161315-1-161315-4. cited by other .
Y. J. Chabal et al, "New Ordered Structured for the H-Saturated Si(100) Surface: The (3X1) Phase", Physical Review Letters, vol. 54, No. 10, Mar. 11, 1985, pp. 1055-1058. cited by other .
Marcus K. Weldon et al, "Initial H2O-induced Oxidation of Si(100)-(2X1)", Physical Review Letters, vol. 79, No. 15, Oct. 13, 1997, pp. 2851-2854. cited by other .
S. Schuppler et al, "Size, Shape, and Composition of Luminescent Species in Oxidized Si Nanocrystals and H-passivated Porous Si" Physical Review B, vol. 52, No. 7, Aug. 15, 1995, pp. 4910-4925. cited by other .
D. V. Tsu et al, "Effects of the Nearest Neighbors and the Alloy Matrix on SiH Strecthing Vibrations in the Amorphous SiO,:H (0<r<2) Alloy System", Physical Review B, vol. 40, No. 3, Jul. 15, 1989, pp. 1795-1805. cited by other .
Michio Niwano, "In-situ IR Observation of Etchinf and Oxidation Processes of Si Surfaces", Surface Science 427-428, (1999), pp. 199-207. cited by other .
K. T. Queeney et al, "Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of the Si/SiO2 Interface Structure of Thermally Oxidized Silicon", Journal of Applied Physics, 2000, vol. 87, No. 3, Feb. 1, 2000, pp. 1322-1330. cited by other .
Y. Caudano et al, "Investigation of the Bending Vibrations of Vicinal H/Si(111) Surfaces by Infrared Spectroscopy", Surface Science 502-503, (2002), pp. 91-95. cited by other .
Jaroslav Flidr et al, Extracting Site-specific Reaction Rates from steady state Surface Morphologies: Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Aqueous Si(111), Etching, Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 108, No. 13, Apr. 1, 1998, pp. 5542-5553. cited by other .
X. Zhang et al, "Stability of HF-etched Si(100) Surfaced in Oxygen Ambient", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 79, No. 24, Dec. 10, 2001, pp. 4051-4053. cited by other .
Marcus K. Weldon et al, "The Surface Science of Semiconductor Processing: Gate Oxides in the Ever-shrinking Transistor", Surface Science 500, 2002, pp. 859-878. cited by other .
Satoru Watanabe, "Step Structure on H/Si Formed in Hot Water as Revealed with Angle-resolved Polarized Infrared Spectroscopy". Applied Surface Science 130-132, (1998), pp. 231-236. cited by other .
Satoru Watanabe et al, "Anisotropic Dynamic Polarization of Surface Vibrations Associated with H on Stepped Si(111)", Chemical Physica Letters 244, Sep. 29, 1995, pp. 105-110. cited by other .
Satoru Watanabe, "Chemical Structure and Surface Phonons Associated with H on Si", Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 108, No. 14, Apr. 8, 1998, pp. 5965-5974. cited by other .
Satoru Watanabe et al, "Anisotropy of Vibrational Polarizations Associated with H on Si", Surface Science 357-358, (1996), pp. 536-539. cited by other .
A. B. Gurevich et al, "Thermal Evolution of Impurities in Wet Chemical Silicon Oxides", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 74, No. 9, Mar. 1, 1999, pp. 1257-1259. cited by other .
James T. C. Wojtyk et al, "Modification of Porous Silicon Surfaces with Activated Ester Monolayers", Langmuir, vol. 18, (2002), pp. 6081-6087. cited by other .
Alexander B. Sieval et al, "High-Quality Alkyl Monolayers on Silicon Surfaces", Advanced Materials, vol. 12, No. 19, Oct. 2, 2000, pp. 1457-1460. cited by other .
A. B. Sieval et al, "Highly Stable Si-C Linked Functionalized Monolayers on the Silicon (100) Surface", Langmuir, vol. 14, (1998), pp. 1759-1768. cited by other .
Alexander B. Sieval et al, "An Improved Method for the Preparation of Organic Monolayers of 1-Alkenes on Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon Surfaces", Langmuir vol. 15, (1999), pp. 8288-8291. cited by other .
Alexander B. Sieval et al, "Amino-Terminated Organic Monolayers on Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon Surfaces", Langmuir vol. 17, (2001). pp. 7554-7559. cited by other .
R. Boukherroub et al, "Ideal Passivation of Luminescent Porous Silicon by Thermal, Noncatalytic Reaction with Alkenes and Aldehydes", Chem. Mater., vol. 13, (2001), pp. 2002-2011. cited by other .
Rabah Boukherroub et al, "Controlled Functionalization and Multistep Chemical Manipulation of Covalently Modified Si(111) Surfaces", Journal of American Chemical Society, vol. 121, (1999), pp. 11513-11515. cited by other .
James T. C. Wojtyk et al, "Reagentless" Micropatterning of Organics on Silicon Surfaces: Control of Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Domains, Journal of American Chemical Society, vol. 123, (2001), pp. 1535-1536. cited by other .
R. Boukherroub et al, "New Synthetic Routes to Alkyl Monolayers on the Si(111) Surface", Langmuir, vol. 15, (1999), pp. 3831-3835. cited by other .
Rabah Boukherroub et al, "Insight into the Formation Mechanicms of Si-OR Monolayers from the Thermal Reactions of Alcohols and Aldehydes with Si(111)-H1", Langmuir, vol. 16,(2000), pp. 7429-7434. cited by other .
Jillian M. Buriak, "Organometallic Chemistry on Silicon and Germanium Surfaces", Chemical Reviews, vol. 102, No. 5, May 2002, pp. 1272-1308. cited by other .
Richard K. Baldwin et al, "Solution Reduction Synthesis of Surface Stabilized Silicon Nanoparticles", Chem.Commun, (2002), pp. 1822-1823. cited by other .
Richard K. Baldwin et al, "Room Temperature Solution Synthesis of Alkyl-Capped Tetrahedral Shaped Silicon Nanocrystals", J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 124, No. 7, (2002), pp. 1150-1151. cited by other .
Chung-Sung Yang et al, "Photoluminescence as a Function of Aggregated Size from n-Butyl-Terminated Silicon Nanoclusters", Journal of Cluster Science, vol. 11, No. 3,(2000), pp. 423-431. cited by other .
Chung-Sung Yang et al, "Synthesis of Alkyl-Terminated Silicon Nanoclusters by a Solution Route", J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 121, (1999), pp. 5191-5195. cited by other .
Frank Uhlig, "Zur Darstellung Von Permethylierten Cyclosilanylalkalimetall-Derivaten" , Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 493, (1995), pp. 33-40. cited by other .
G. P. Lopinski et al, "How Stereoselective Are Alkene Addition Reactions in Si(100)?", Journal of American Chemical Society 2000, 122, pp. 3548-3549. cited by other .
Akira Watanabe et al, "Micropatterning of SiO2 Film Using Organosilicon Nanocluster as a Precursor", Thin Solid Films vol. 354, (1999), pp. 13-18. cited by other .
Akira Watanabe et al, "Formation of Polysilane Film by Laser CVD", Thin Solid Films 312, (1998), pp. 123-129. cited by other .
Akira Watanabe et al, "Control of Silicon Dimensionality of Polysilanes and Their Optical Properties", Institute of Chemical Reaction Science Tohoku University & Hitachi Research Laboratory, pp. 1-3. cited by other .
Akira Watanabe et al, "Silicon-germanium Alloys Prepared by the Heat Treatment of Silicon Substrate Spin-coated with Organo-soluble Germanium Cluster", Materials Letters 47, (2001), pp. 89-94. cited by other .
Akira Watanabe et al, "Effect of Hydrogen Plasma Treatment on Formation of Amorphous Silicon Film Using Organosoluble Silicon Cluster as a Precursor", Japanese Journal of Applied Physics vol. 39, (2000), pp. L961-L963. cited by other .
Akira Watanabe et al, Preparation of Germanium Thin Film by a Coating Technique Using a Soluble Organogermanium Cluster as a Precursor, Journal of Materials Science Letters 20, (2001), pp. 491-493. cited by other .
Akira Watanabe et al, "Soluble Three-Dimensional Polysilane with Organosilicon Nanocluster Structure", Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 36, (1997), pp. L1265-L1267. cited by other .
Akira Watanabe et al, "Origin of Broad Visible Emission from Branched Polysilane and Polygermane Chains", Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 40,(2001), pp. 6457-6463. cited by other .
Aaron Puzder et al, "Surface Chemistry of Silicon Nanoclusters", Physical Review Letters, vol. 88, No. 9, Mar. 4, 2002, pp. 097401-1-097401-4. cited by other .
Y. H. Tang et al, "Si Nanowires Synthesized from Silicon Monoxide by Laser Ablation", Journal Vacuum Science Technology B 19(1), Jan./Feb. 2001, pp. 317-319. cited by other .
S. Aihara et al, "Electroreductive Synthesis and Optical Characterization of Silicon Nanoparticles", Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 296, (2001), pp. 135-138. cited by other .
N. Binggeli et al, "Photoemission Spectra and Structures of Si Clusters at Finite Temperature", Physical Review Letters, vol. 75, No. 3, Jul. 17, 1995, pp. 493-496. cited by other .
Robert A.Senter et al,"Synthesis of Silicon Nanocrystals with Erbium-Rich Surface Layers", Nano Letters, vol. 1, No. 7,(2001), pp. 383-386. cited by other .
M.L. Ostraat et al, "Synthesis and Characterization of Aerosol Silicon Nanocrystal Nonvolatile Floating-gate Memory Devices", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 79, No. 3, Jul. 16, 2001, pp. 433-435. cited by other .
Wen-Sheng Shi et al, "Synthesis of Large Areas of Highly Oriented, Very Long Silicon Nanowires", Advanced Materials, vol. 12, No. 18, Sep. 15, 2000, pp. 1343-1345. cited by other .
M. K. Sunkara et al, "Bulk Synthesis of Silicon Nanowires Using a Low-temperature Vapor-liquid-solid Method", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 79, No. 10, Sep. 3, 2001, pp. 1546-1548. cited by other .
Libing Zhang et al, "Lumunescent Si Nanoparticles in Sol-Gel Matrices Stabilized by Amino Acids" , Chem. Mater., (1997), vol. 9, pp. 2249-2251. cited by other .
L. Pavesl et al, "Optical Gain in Silicon Nanocrystals", Nature, vol. 408, Nov. 2000, pp. 440-444. cited by other .
Christopher C. Striemer et al, "Controlled Nucleation of Silicon Nanocrystals on a Periodic Template", Nano Letters, vol. 1, No. 11, (2001), pp. 643-646. cited by other .
Takafumi Seto et al, "Laser Synthesis of Uniform Silicon Single Nanodots", Nano Letters, vol. 1, No. 6, (2001), pp. 315-318. cited by other .
Yiying Wu et al, "Melting and Welding Semiconductor Nanowires in Naotubes", Advanced Materials, vol. 13, No. 7, (2001), pp. 520-523. cited by other .
Takehito Yoshida et al, "Near-IR LEDs Fabricated with Monodispersed Nanocrystallite Si", Solid State Technology, Apr. 2002. cited by other .
Kristen C. Scheer et al, "Oxidation of Silicon Nanocrystals", Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., vol. 638, (2001), pp. F6.3.1-F6.3.6. cited by other .
Altaf H. Carim et al, "Bicrystalline Silicon Nanowires", Advanced Materials, vol. 13, No. 19, (2001), pp. 1489-1491. cited by other .
Michael Haaf et al, "Stable Silylenes", Accounts of Chemical Research, vol. 33, No. 10, (2000), pp. 704-714. cited by other .
U. Englich et al, "Cyclohexasilanes with Exocyclic Organogermanium, -tin or -lead Groups", Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 605, (2000), pp. 22-27. cited by other .
G. F. Grom et al, "Raman Spectroscopy of Si Nanocrystalline Si Superlattices: Size, Shape and Crystallographic Orientation", Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., vol. 638, (2001), pp. F6.1.1-F6.1.6. cited by other .
D. Das et al, "Enhancement of Oxidation Rate of a-Si Nanoparticles During Degydrogenation", Applied Physics Letters, vol. 79, No. 22, Nov. 26, 2001, pp. 3705-3707. cited by other .
Feng Tao et al, "Binding and Structure of Acetonitrile on Si(111)-7 X7", Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 106, (2002), pp. 3890-3895. cited by other .
E. Hengge & D. Kovar, "Darstellung und Charakterisierung von Cyclohexasilan Si6H12", Z. Anorg. allg.Chem 459, pp. 123-130, 1979. cited by other .
E. Hengge & D. Kovar, "Darstellung und Charakterisierung heines neuen Cyclischen Siliciumchlorides Si4C18", Z..Anorg.allg. Chem 458, pp. 163-167, 1979. cited by other .
G. Belomoin et al, "Observation of a magic discrete family of ultrabright Si nanoparticles", Applied Physics Letters vol. 80, No. 5, Feb. 4, 2002, pp. 841-843. cited by other .
Chang-Wei Lin et al, "Structural and optical properties of silicon-germanium alloy nanoparticles", Journal of Applied Physics vol. 91, No. 5, Feb. 15, 2002, pp. 2322-2325. cited by other .
Wensheng Shi et al, "Free-standing Single Crystal Silicon Nanoribbons", J. Am. Chem. Soc. vol. 123, (2001), pp. 11095-11096. cited by other .
A. P. Alivisatos, "Electrical Studies of Semiconductor-Nanocrystal Colloids,"MRS BULLETIN/Feb. 1998, pp. 18-23. cited by other .
D. Johnson et al., "Finite Size Effects in Nanoscale Tb Particles," J. Appl. Phys. vol. 79, No. 8, Apr. 15, 1996, pp. 5299-5301. cited by other .
Diandra L. Leslie-Pelecky et al., "Self-Stabilized Magnetic Colloids: Ultrafine Co Particles in Polymers," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 79, No. 8, Apr. 15, 1996, pp. 5312-5314. cited by other .
C. B. Murray et al., "Self-Organization of CdSe Nanocrystallites into Three-Dimensional Quantum Dot Superlattices," Science, vol. 270, Nov. 24, 1995, pp. 1335-1338. cited by other .
Chinmay Damle et al., "Synthesis of Ag/Pd Nanoparticles and Their Low-Temperature Alloying within Thermally Evaporated Fatty Acid Films," J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, pp. 297-302. cited by other .
Vijaya Patil et al., "Evidence for Novel Interdigitated Bilayer Fo4rmation of Fatty Acids during Three-Dimensional Self Assembly on Silver Colloidal Particles," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, pp. 9281-9282. cited by other .
Wei Wang et al., "Silver Nanoparticles Capped by Long-Chain Unsaturated Carboxylates," J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 7238-7246. cited by other .
Y.H. Tang et al., "Si Nanowires Synthesized from Silicon Monoxide by Laser Ablation", J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 19(1), Jan./Feb. 2001, pp. 317-319. cited by other .
Wen-Sheng et al., "Synthesis of Large Areas of Highly Oriented Very Long Silicon Nanowires", Advanced Materials, Sep. 15, 2000, 12, No. 18, pp. 1343-1345. cited by other .
"Fluorous Phase Organic Synthesis", http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/Brands/Fluka.sub.--Riedel.sub.--Home/Organic.- sub.--Synthesis/Fluorous . . . , Dec. 4, 2002. cited by other .
"Kovio's Approach to Silicon", Kovio, Nov. 8, 2002, pp. 1-4. cited by other .
"Theory of Alkyl-Terminated Silicon Quantum Dots", Fernando A. Reboredo et al., Journal of Physical Chemistry B 109, (2005), pp. 1072-1078. cited by other .
"Synthesis of Blue Luminescent Si Nanoparticles Using Atmospheric-Pressure Microdischarges", R. Mohan Sankaran et al., Nano Letters, (2005) pp. 537-541. cited by other .
"Effects of Surface Passivation on Silicon Nanoaprticle Photoluminescence", David E. Harwell et al. Chemistry Letters, (2003), pp. 1194-1195. cited by other .
"Photoluminescence from Silicon Nanoparticle Prepared from Bulk Amorphous Silicon Monoxide by the Disproportionation Reaction", V. Kapaklis et al., Applied Physics Letters, (2005). cited by other .
"Solution Synthesis of Ultrastable Luminescent Siloxane-Coated Nanoparticles", Jing Zhou et al., Nano Letters, (2004) pp. 1181-1186. cited by other .
"Synthesis of Luminescent Silicon Nanopowders Redispersible to Various Solvents", Shu-man Liu et al., Langmuir, (2005), pp. 6324-6329. cited by other .
"Synthesis of Amorphous Silicon Colloids by Trislane Thermolysis in High Temperature Supercritical Solvents", Lindsay E. Pell et al., Langmuir, (2004), pp. 1181-1186. cited by other .
"High-Yield Plasma Synthesis of Luminescent Silicon Nanocrystals", L. Mangolini et al., Nano Letters, (2005), pp. 655-659. cited by other .
"Luminescent Silicon Nanoparticles Capped by Conductive Polyaniline Through the Self-Assembly Method", Z. F. Li et al., Langmuir, (2004),pp. 1963-1971. cited by other .
"Surface Functionalization of Silicon Nanoparticles Produced by Laser-Driven Pyrolysis of Silane Followed by HF-HNO3 Etching", Xuegeng Li et al., Langmuir, (2004), pp. 4720-4727. cited by other .
"Optical Gain in Monodispersed Silicon Nanocrystals", M. Cazzanelli et al., Journal of Applied Physics vol. 96, (2004), pp. 3164-3171. cited by other .
"Detailed Kinetic Modeling of Silicon Nanoparticle Formation Chemistry Via Automated Mechanism Generation", Hsi-Wu et al., Journal of Physical Chemistry A, (2004), pp. 10122-10132. cited by other .
"Plasma synthesis of Single-Crystal Silicon Nanoparticles for Novel Electronic Device Applications", Ameya Bapat et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, (2004), pp. B97-B109. cited by other .
"Synthesis Routs for Large Volumes of Nanoparticles", Ombretta Masala et al., Annual Review of Materials Research, (2004), pp. 41-81. cited by other .
"Formation of Si-Nanoparticles in a Microwave Reactor: Comparison Between Experiments and Modelling", B. Giesen et al., Journal of Nanoparticles Research, (2005), pp. 29-41. cited by other .
"The Feasibility of Inert Colloidal Processing of Silicon Nanoparticles", Michele L. Ostraat et al., Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, (2005), pp. 414-421. cited by other .
"Self-Assembled Silicon Nanotubes Grown from Silicon Monoxide", Yang-Wen Chen et al., Advanced Materials, (2005), pp. 564-567. cited by other .
"Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Luminescent Si and Ge Obtained Via a Solid-State Chemical Metathesis Synthesis Route", Paul F. McMillan et al., Journal of Solid-State Chemical Metathesis Synthesis Route, (2005), 937-949. cited by other .
"Silicon Nanocrystals: Size Matters", Johannes Heitmann et al., Advanced Materials, (2005), pp. 795-803. cited by other .
"On the Morphological Instability of Silicon / Silicon Dioxide Nanowires", F. M. Kolb et al., Applied Physics A Materials Science & Processing, (2005, pp. 1405-1408. cited by other .
"Use of NMR Spectroscopy in the Synthesis and Characterization of Air-and Water-Stable Nanoparticles from Porous Silicon", R.S. Carter et al., Chemistry of Materials, (2005), pp. 2932-2939. cited by other .
"Efficient Surface Grafting of Luminescent Silicon Quantum Dots by Photoinitiated Hydrosilylation", Fengjun Hua et al., Langmuir, (2005), pp. 6054-6062. cited by other .
"Reductive Thermolysis of a Heterocyclic Precursor: A Convenient Method for Preparing Luminescent, Surfactant-Stabilized Silicon Nanoparticles", Bryan D. Rowsell et al., Nanotechnology, (2005), pp. 732-736. cited by other .
"Structural and Optical Properties of Surface-Hydrogenated Silicon Nanocrystallites Prepared by Reactive Pulsed Laser Ablation", Toshiharu Makino et al., Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics, (2005), pp. 3507-3511. cited by other .
"Surface Morphology Dependent Photoluminescence from Colloidal Silicon Nanocrystals", Jaime H. Warner et al., Journal of Physical Chemistry B, (2005), pp. 19064-19067. cited by other .
"Quasi-Reversible Photoluminescence quenching of Stable Dispersions of Silicon Nanoparticles", William D. Kirkey et al., Journal of Materials Chemistry, (2005), pp. 2028-2034. cited by other .
"Micro-Emulsion Synthesis of Monodisperse Surface Stabilized Silicon Nanocrystals", Richard D. Tilley et al., Chemical Communications, (2005), pp. 1833-1835. cited by other .
"Three-Dimensional arrays of Si Clusters Grown at Water Surfaces and Si (100) Surfaces", S. Sato et al., Microelectronic Engineering 66 (1-4), (2003), pp. 159-165. cited by other .
"Vapor-Phase Synthesis of Nanoparticles", Mark T. Swihart, Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 8, (2003), pp. 127-133. cited by other .
"Self-Assembly of Si Clusters Into Single Crystal Arrangements: Formation of Si-10 Cluster Crystals", Seiichi Sato et al., Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, (2003), pp. L616-L618. cited by other .
"Process for Preparing Macroscopic Quantities of Brightly Photoluminescent Sili

Free Web Sudoku Puzzles.
Solve with your browser.
    1     8 2    
9 6         5    
3   2   6 7      
  3   4         1
      5   6      
4         1   5  
      6 9   7   2
    4         8 6
    6 8     4    
What is it?



Add Your Site · Terms Of Service · Privacy Policy


DISCLAIMER
Linkgrinder is a free service that searches the Internet and indexes all files found so that you may search quickly and easily for shared files. These files are created and made available individually by users whose identity we are not aware of and who we have no control over. In essence we function like a search engine tool; these files ARE NOT STORED OR SERVED BY OUR NETWORK. We are not responsible for any materials obtained by using our service. We do not monitor any of the contents of these files. These files may contain viruses, illegal materials, materials inappropriate for minors, offensive files and the like. BY USING OUR SERVICE, YOU ASSUME FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR DOWNLOADING THESE MATERIALS AND WILL INDEMNIFY US FOR ANY DAMAGES THAT MAY BE INCURRED.

For More Specific Information VIEW OUR TERMS OF SERVICE.

Thank you and Enjoy!