Title: Process for preparing antibacterial and antioxidant fraction from Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)
Abstract: The present invention relates to a one step process for the preparation of antibacterial and antioxidant fraction from the unconventional parts of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.).
Patent Number: 6,946,154 Issued on 09/20/2005 to Chauhan, et al.
| Inventors:
|
Chauhan; Attar Singh (Mysore, IN);
Negi; Pradeep Singh (Mysore, IN);
Ramteke; Ramesh Shyam (Mysore, IN)
|
| Assignee:
|
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (New Delhi, IN)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
396105 |
| Filed:
|
March 25, 2003 |
| Current U.S. Class: |
424/776; 424/405; 424/725 |
| Intern'l Class: |
A61K 035/78 |
| Field of Search: |
424/776,725,405
|
References Cited [Referenced By]
| Foreign Patent Documents |
| 1089301 | Jul., 1994 | CN.
| |
| 2096040 | Nov., 1997 | RU.
| |
| 1275032 | Dec., 1986 | SU.
| |
| 1786064 | Jan., 1993 | SU.
| |
Other References
Winterstein et al. Z. Physiol. Chem. 1932. vol. 207, pp. 25-34, CAPLUS Abstract enclosed.
Velioglu et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1998. vol. 46, No. 10, pp. 4113-4117, FROSTI
Abstract enclosed.
English Abstract of SU 1275032 Dated: Dec. 7, 1986 (Database WPI—Derwent
Publications, Ltd.) XP 002268596.
Isamukhamedov A, et al. "Hippophae Rhamnoides Seed Phospholipids" (1982) pp 395-396
(Database CA Online! Chemical Abstracts Service) XP009024685.
|
Primary Examiner: Tate; Christopher R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Ladas and Parry LLP
Claims
1. A process for preparing a crude extract having antibacterial and/or antioxidant
activity from Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) which comprises:
i) washing the seeds of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) with water
to remove any dirt or extraneous matter followed by drying;
ii) powdering the dried seeds to obtain a particle size of 60-80 mesh;
iii) extracting the powdered dried seeds with methanol in a Soxhlet extractor
to obtain an extract;
iv) filtering the extract to remove any particles and obtain a particle free
extract;
v) distilling the particle free extract to recover methanol;
vi) concentrating the distilled particle free extract under vacuum to obtain
a concentrated extract;
vii) drying the concentrated crude extract to obtain an extract with antibacterial
activity and/or antioxidant activity.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the seeds of Seabuckthorn are washed
with tap water and then dried at 40-50° C. for a residence period of 3-4 hours.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the extraction of the powdered seeds
is done in a Soxhlet extractor at a temperature of 55-60° C. for a period
of 8-9 hours.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the filtering of the extract is done
using Whatman filter paper no. 41.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the distillation is done in a distillation
unit at 60-65° C. to recover 80-90% of the methanol.
6. A process as claimed in claim 5 wherein the recovered methanol is recycled
for use in extraction to the Soxhlet unit.
7. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the particle free extract is concentrated
under vacuum using 200-250 mbar pressure in flash evaporator at a temperature of
45-50° C. to obtain the crude extract.
8. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the drying of the concentrated crude
extract is done by freeze drying.
9. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the drying of the concentrated crude
extract is done under a vacuum by employing 175-200 mbar pressure in a vacuum oven
at 40-50° C. for a residency period of 8-9 hours.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a one step process for the preparation of antibacterial
and antioxidant fraction from the unconventional parts of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae
rhamnoides L.).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Spoilage of foods due to presence of bacterial and fungal infection has
been a major concern for decades and it causes 50% loss worldwide [El-Ghaouth A.
Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 1997; 19: 160]. The demand
for non-toxic natural preservatives has been rising with increased awareness and
reports of ill effects of synthetic chemicals present in foods. Many compounds
present in berries has been reported to be biologically active, antimicrobial,
allopathic, antioxidants and having bioregulatory properties such as tissue regeneration
activities [Xu Mingyu et al. 1993. A brief report on antibacterial experiment using
seabuckthorn. Seabuckthorn 6: 28-29]. Seabuckthorn berries have been reported to
posses antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic and analgesic
activity [Benavente-Garcia O, Castillo J, Martin F R, Ortuno A, Del Rio J A. Journal
of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 1997; 45: 4505]. Seabuckthorn is widely grown
plant which belongs to Elaeagnaceae family and genus
Hippophae. It has been
used in traditional Tibetan and Mangolian medicines (Lu Rongsen, 1992. Seabuckthorn:
A multiple plant species for fragile mountains. International center for integrated
mountain development, ICIMOD occasional paper No. 20, Kathmandu, Nepal). Seabuckthorn
is known as wonder plant that bears small orange yellow to red colored fruits on
two year old thorny twigs. The berry like fruit develops from an ovary or calyx
tube, connected to ovary. Berries contain many bioactive substances and can be
used in the treatment of several diseases like cardiovascular disease, cancer,
acute mountain sickness etc. A total of more than 300 different medicine preparations
involving seabuckthorn have been reported (Singh, 2001. International workshop
on seabuckthorn, during 18-21 Feb. 2001, New Delhi).
Literature survey revealed that, there are no reports on the isolation
of antibacterial and antioxidant fraction from the seeds of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae
rhamnoides L.).
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the present invention is to provide a one step process for
preparation of a bioactive fraction, which has antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
Hence, we have developed a process for the preparation of bioactive fraction from
the unconventional parts of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.), to which
no commercial value has been attributed so far.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a technology for the
preparation of an antibacterial and antioxidant fraction from the unconventional
parts of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.), which can be used as potential
natural preservative.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an efficient process
for the large-scale preparation of antibacterial and antioxidant fraction from
the unconventional parts of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.).
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a one step process
for the preparation of antibacterial and antioxidant fraction from the unconventional
parts of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.).
It is another object of the invention to provide an efficient process using simple
extraction methods and solvents, which can be re-used for the preparation of antibacterial
and antioxidant fraction from Seabuckthorn.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides the one step process for
the preparation of antibacterial and antioxidant fraction, which comprises washing
the seeds of seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) with tap water in order
to remove any dirt or extraneous matter followed by drying at 40-50° C. for
a residence period of 3-4 hours; powdering the seeds of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae
rhamnoides L.) to get a particle size of 60-80 mesh; extracting of the above
said material with leotropic series solvents (Elution effect in increasing order)
followed by methanol in a Soxhlet extractor at a temperature of 55-60° C.
for a period of 8-9 hours; filtering the above extract using Whatman filter paper
no.41 to obtain the particle free extract; distilling the above extract in distillation
unit at 60-65° C. to recover the solvent up to 80-90%, which is further recycled
for further extraction in soxhlet unit; concentrating the above particle free extract
under vacuum by employing 200-250 mbar pressure in flash evaporator at a temperature
of 45-50° C. to get crude extract of methanol; drying the above concentrated
crude extract either by freeze drying for antioxidant activity or under vacuum
by employing 175-200 mbar pressure in vacuum oven at 40-50 ° C. for a residency
period of 8-9 hours for antibacterial activity.
The dried product thus obtained had antibacterial activity in terms of minimum
inhibitory concentration (μg/ml) against different Cram positive and Gram
negative bacteria in the range of 200-350 and antioxidant activity in terms of
% radical scavenging activity in the range of 40.379-93.473 at 10-50 μg/ml
concentration respectively as determined by DPPH method.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the rotation of the flask containing
methanol extract of seabuckthorn seeds is used for concentration in flash evaporator
at 80-100 rpm under vacuum of 200-250 mbar by employing 60-65° C. temperature.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the yield of methanol extract
was found to be 14.264 g/100 g after freeze-drying and 14.4858 g/100 g after vacuum drying.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The process of the present invention involves following steps, which comprises of:
i) Washing the seeds of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) with
tap water in order to remove any dirt or extraneous matter followed by drying at
40-50° C. for a residence period of 3-4 hours.
ii) Powdering the seeds of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)
to get a particle size of 60-80 mesh.
iii) Extracting of the above said material with leotropic series solvents
(Elution effect in increasing order) followed by methanol in a Soxhlet extractor
at a temperature of 55-60° C. for a period of 8-9 hours.
iv) Filtering above extract using Whatman filter paper no.41 to obtain particle
free extract.
v) Distilling the above extract in distillation unit at 60-65° C. to
recover the solvent up to 80-90%, which is further recycled for further extraction
in soxhlet unit.
vi) Concentrating the above particle free extract under vacuum by employing
200-250 mbar pressure in flash evaporator at a temperature of 45-50° C. in
order to get crude extract of methanol.
vii) Drying the above concentrated crude extract either by freeze dying
for antioxidant activity or under vacuum by employing 175-200 mbar pressure in
vacuum oven at 40-50° C. for a residency period of 8-9 hours for antibacterial activity.
The dried product thus obtained had antibacterial activity in terms of minimum
inhibitory concentration (μg/ml) against different Gram positive and Gram
negative bacteria in the range of 200-350 and antioxidant activity in terms of
% radical scavenging activity in the range of 40,379-93.473 by using 10-50 μg/ml
concentration respectively as determined by DPPH method.
The preparation of antibacterial factions from the unconventional parts of Seabuckthorn
(
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) was done according to following process flow:
##STR1##
The Novelty of the Process is:
1. This is the first report of preparation of antibacterial and antioxidant
fraction from the unconventional parts of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.).
2. The invention is a one step process to obtain the bioactive fraction
from the unconventional parts of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.).
The following examples are given by way of illustration of the present invention
and therefore should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention.
Variations and changes may be made by one skilled in the art without departing
from the spirit of the invention. All parts and percentages are by weight, unless
otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLE 1
100 g seeds of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) were washed and
dried in vacuum oven (pressure 175) at 40° C. for 4 hours followed by powdering
in mixer grinder at
18000 rpm to get a 60 mesh size powder particle. The powder was extracted using
200 ml of methanol at 60° C. for 8 h in a Soxhlet extractor. The methanol
extract was filtered using Whatman filter paper No.41 in order to get clear extract
and it was distilled at 60° C. by using distillation unit to recover the 160
ml of solvent. The crude extract was concentrated under vacuum of 200 mbar pressure
and flask rotation speed of 100 rpm was maintained in flash evaporator for a period
of 2 hours and it was dried using freeze drying technique for the residency period
of 6 hours for antioxidant activity determination and dried under vacuum for antibacterial
activity at 175 mbar pressure for the residency period of 9 hours in a vacuum oven
at 40° C. The yield of the freeze-dried methanol extract for antioxidant activity
and vacuum oven dried menthol extract for antibacterial assay were 14.264 g and
14.4858 g, respectively. Free radical-scavenging activity of each antioxidant was
assayed using a stable free radical, DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), according
to the method of Blois (Blois, 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a
stable free radical . Nature, 181: 1199-1200). The reaction mixture contained 0.5
ml of 0.5 mM DPPH and 0.1 ml of dimethyl sulphoxide containing the antioxidant
extract at different concentrations (10-50 μg). Finally, the total volume
of the reaction mixture was adjusted to 1.0 ml by adding 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer
(pH7.4). After the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 20 minutes
in the dark, the radical-scavenging activity of each antioxidant was quantified
by decolorisation at 517 nm. The % radical scavenging activity on DPPH for the
10 μg/ml was 40.379. The antibacterial assay for the extract of Seabuckthorn
(
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) was tested by pour plate method against
Bacillus
cereus by the method of Negi et al. (J. Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47,
4297-4300, 1999). To flasks containing 20 ml melted nutrient agar, different concentration
of test material in propylene glycol were added. Equivalent amounts of propylene
glycol were used as controls. One hundred μl (about 10
3 cfu/ml)
of culture was inoculated into the flasks under aseptic conditions. The media was
then poured into sterilized petri plates in quadruplet and incubated at 37°
C. for 24 h for growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was reported
as the lowest concentration of the compound capable of inhibiting the complete
growth of the bacterium being tested. The MIC value of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae
rhamnoides L.) seed extract against
Bacillus cereus was 200 ppm.
EXAMPLE-2
100 g seeds of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) were washed and
dried in vacuum oven (pressure 180 mbar) at 40° C. for 3 hours followed by
powdering in mixer grinder at 18000 rpm to get a 70 mesh size powder particle.
The powder was extracted using 200 ml of methanol at 55° C. for 9 h in a Soxhlet
extractor. The methanol extract was filtered using Whatman filter paper No.41 in
order to get clear extract and it was distilled at 65° C. by using distillation
unit to recover the 170 ml of solvent. The crude extract was concentrated under
vacuum of 250 mbar pressure and flask rotation speed of 100 rpm was maintained
in flash evaporator for a period of 2 hours and it was dried using freeze drying
technique for the residency period of 6 hours and also dried under vacuum of 200
mbar for the residency period of 8 hours in a vacuum oven at 50° C. The yield
of the freeze-dried methanol extract for antioxidant activity and vacuum oven dried
methanol extract for antibacterial assay were 14.264 g and 14.4858 g, respectively.
Free radical-scavenging activity of each antioxidant was assayed using a stable
free radical, DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), according to the method of
Blois (Blois, 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical.
Nature, 181: 1199-1200). The reaction mixture contained 0.5 ml of 0.5 mM DPPH and
0.1 ml of dimethyl sulphoxide containing the antioxidant extract at different concentrations
(10-50 μg). Finally, the total volume of the reaction mixture was adjusted
to 1.0 ml by adding 100 nM Tris-HCl buffer (pH7.4). After the reaction was carried
out at room temperature for 20 minutes in the dark, the radical-scavenging activity
of each antioxidant was quantified by decolorisation at 517 nm. The % radical scavenging
activity on DPPH for the 20 μg/ml was 71.2277. The antibacterial assay for
the extract of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) was tested by pour
plate method against
Bacillus cereus by the method of Negi et al. (J. Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 47, 4297-4300, 1999). To flasks containing 20 ml melted nutrient
agar, different concentration of test material in propylene glycol were added.
Equivalent amounts of propylene glycol were used as controls. One hundred μl
(about 10
3 cfu/ml) of culture was inoculated into the flasks under aseptic
conditions. The media was then poured into sterilized petri plates in quadruplet
and incubated at 37° C. for 20 h for growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) was reported as the lowest concentration of the compound capable of inhibiting
the complete growth of the bacterium being tested. The MIC value of Seabuckthorn
(
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed extract against
Bacillus subtilis was
300 ppm.
EXAMPLE-3
100 g seeds of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) were washed and
dried in vacuum oven (pressure 200 mbar) at 45° C. for 3 hours followed by
powdering in mixer grinder at 18000 rpm to get a 80 mesh size powder particle.
The powder was extracted using 200 ml of menthol at 60° C. for 8 h in a Soxhlet
extractor. The methanol extract was filtered using Whatman filter paper No.41 in
order to get clear extract and it was distilled at 60° C. by using distillation
unit to recover the 175 ml of solvent. The crude extract was concentrated under
vacuum of 200-250 mbar pressure and flask rotation speed of 100 rpm was maintained
in flash evaporator for a period of 2 hours and it was dried using freeze drying
technique for the residency period of 6 hours and also dried under vacuum of 175-200
mbar for the residency period of 8 hours in a vacuum oven at 40° C. The yield
of the freeze-dried methanol extract for antioxidant activity and vacuum oven dried
methanol extract for antibacterial assay were 14.264 g and 14.4858 g, respectively.
Free radical-scavenging activity of each antioxidant was assayed using a stable
free radical, DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), according to the method of
Blois (Blois, 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical
. Nature, 181: 1199-1200). The reaction mixture contained 0.5 ml of 0.5 mM DPPH
and 0.1 ml of dimethyl sulphoxide containing the antioxidant extract at different
concentrations (10-50 μg). Finally, the total volume of the reaction mixture
was adjusted to 1.0 ml by adding 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH7.4). After the reaction
was carried out at room temperature for 20 minutes in the dark, the radical-scavenging
activity of each antioxidant was quantified by decolorisation at 517 nm. The %
radical scavenging activity on DPPH for the 30 μg/ml was 85.1777. The antibacterial
assay for the extract of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) was tested
by pour plate method against
Bacillus cereus by the method of Negi et al.
(J. Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, 4297-4300, 1999). To flasks containing
20 ml melted nutrient agar, different concentration of test material in propylene
glycol were added. Equivalent amounts of propylene glycol were used as controls.
One hundred μl (about 10
3 cfu/ml) of culture was inoculated into
the flasks under aseptic conditions. The media was then poured into sterilized
petri plates in quadruplet and incubated at 37° C. for 22 h for growth. The
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was reported as the lowest concentration
of the compound capable of inhibiting the complete growth of the bacterium being
tested. The MIC value of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed extract
against
Bacillus coagulans was 300 ppm.
EXAMPLE 4
100 g seeds of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) were washed and
dried in vacuum oven (pressure 200 mbar) at 50° C. for 3 hours followed by
powdering powdered using mixer grinder at 18000 rpm to get a 80 mesh size powder
particle. The powder was extracted using 200 ml of methanol at 60° C. for
8 h in a Soxhlet extractor. The methanol extract was filtered using Whatman filter
paper No.41 in order to get clear extract and it was distilled at 60° C. by
using distillation unit to recover the 175 ml of solvent. The crude Fact was concentrated
wider vacuum of 250 mbar pressure and flask rotation speed of 100 rpm was maintained
in flash evaporator for a period of 2 hours and it was dried using freeze drying
technique for the residency period of 6 hours and also dried under vacuum of 200
mbar for the residency period of 8 hours in a vacuum oven at 40° C. The yield
of the freeze-dried methanol extract for antioxidant activity and vacuum oven dried
methanol extract for antibacterial assay were 14.264 g and 14.4858 g, respectively.
Free radical-scavenging activity of each antioxidant was assayed using a stable
free radical, DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), according to the method of
Blois (Blois, 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical.
Nature, 181: 1199-1200). The reaction mixture contained 0.5 ml of 0.5 mM DPPH and
0.1 ml of dimethyl sulphoxide containing the antioxidant extract at different concentrations
(10-50 μg). Finally, the total volume of the reaction mixture was adjusted
to 1.0 ml by add 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH7.4). After the reaction was carried
out at room temperature for 20 minutes in the dark, the radical-scavenging activity
of each antioxidant was quantified by decolorisation at 517 nm. The % radical scavenging
activity on DPPH for the 40 μg/ml was 92.2185. The antibacterial assay for
the extract of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) was tested by pour
plate method against
Bacillus cereus by the method of Negi et al. (J. Agricultural
and Food Chemistry 47, 4297-4300, 1999). To flasks containing 20 ml melted nutrient
agar, different concentration of test material in propylene glycol were added.
Equivalent amounts of propylene glycol were used as controls. One hundred μl
(about 10
3 cfu/ml) of culture was inoculated into the flasks under aseptic
conditions. The media was then poured into sterilized petri plates in quadruplet
and incubated at 37° C. for 20 h for growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) was reported as the lowest concentration of the compound capable of inhibiting
the complete growth of the bacterium being tested. The MIC value of Seabuckthorn
(
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed extract against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
was 300 ppm.
EXAMPLE 5
100 g seeds of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) were washed and
dried in vacuum oven (pressure 200 mbar) at 50° C. for 3 hours followed by
powdering in mixer grinder at 18000 rpm to get a 60 mesh size powder particle.
The powder was extracted using 200 ml of methanol at 60° C. for 8 h in a Soxhlet
extractor. The methanol extract was filtered using Whatman filter paper No.41 in
order to get clear extract and it was distilled at 65° C. by using distillation
unit to recover the 180 ml of solvent. The crude extract was concentrated under
vacuum of 250 mbar pressure and flask rotation speed of 100 rpm was maintained
in flash evaporator for a period of 2 hours and it was dried using freeze drying
technique for the residency period of 6 hours and also dried under vacuum of 200
mbar for the residency period of 8 hours in a vacuum oven at 50° C. The yield
of the freeze-dried methanol extract for antioxidant activity and vacuum oven dried
methanol extract for antibacterial assay were 14.264 g and 14.4858 g, respectively.
Free radical-scavenging activity of each antioxidant was assayed using a stable
free radical, DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), according to the method of
Blois (Blois, 1958. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical
. Nature, 181: 1199-1200). The reaction mixture contained 0.5 ml of 0.5 mM DPPH
and 0.1 ml of dimethyl sulphoxide containing the antioxidant extract at different
concentrations (10-50 μg). Finally, the total volume of the reaction mixture
was adjusted to 1.0 ml by adding 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH7.4). After the reaction
was carried out at room temperature for 20 minutes in the dark, the radical-scavenging
activity of each antioxidant was quantified by decolorisation at 517 nm. The %
radical scavenging activity on DPPH for the 50 μg/ml was 93.473. The antibacterial
assay for the extract of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) was tested
by pour plate method against
Bacillus cereus by the method of Negi et al.
(J. Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, 4297-4300, 1999). To flasks containing
20 ml melted nutrient agar, different concentration of test material in propylene
glycol were added. Equivalent amounts of propylene glycol were used as controls.
One hundred μl (about 10
3 cfu/ml) of culture was inoculated into
the flasks under aseptic conditions. The media was then poured into sterilized
petri plates in quadruplet and incubated at 37° C. for 20 h for growth. The
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was reported as the lowest concentration
of the compound capable of inhibiting the complete growth of the bacterium being
tested. The MIC value of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seed extract
against
Listeria monocytogenes was 300 ppm.
EXAMPLE 6
100 g seeds of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) were washed and
dried in vacuum oven (pressure 200 mbar) at 40° C. for 3 hours followed by
powdering powdered using mixer grinder at 18000 rpm to get a 60 mesh size powder
particle, The powder was extracted using 200 ml of menthol at 60° C. for 8
h in a Soxhlet extractor. The methanol extract was filtered using Whatman filter
paper No.41 in order to get clear extract and it was distilled at 60° C. by
using distillation unit to recover the 180 ml of solvent. The crude extract was
concentrated under vacuum of 200 mbar pressure and flask rotation speed of 100
rpm was maintained in flash evaporator for a period of 2 hours and it was dried
using freeze drying technique for the residency period of 6 hours and also dried
under vacuum of 175 mbar for the residency period of 9 hours in a vacuum oven at
40° C. The yield of the freeze-dried methanol extract for antioxidant activity
and vacuum oven dried methanol extract for antibacterial assay were 14.264 g and
14.4858 g, respectively. The antibacterial assay for the extract of Seabuckthorn
(
Hippophae rhamnoides L.) was tested by pour plate method against
Bacillus
cereus by the method of Negi et al. (J. Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47,
4297-4300, 1999). To flasks containing 20 ml melted nutrient agar, different concentration
of test material in propylene glycol were added. Equivalent amounts of propylene
glycol were used as controls. One hundred μl (about 10
3 cfu/ml)
of culture was inoculated into the flasks under aseptic conditions. The media was
then poured into sterilized pet plates in quadruplet and incubated at 37°
C. for 24 h for growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was reported
as the lowest concentration of the compound capable of inhibiting the complete
growth of the bacterium being tested, The MIC value of Seabuckthorn (
Hippophae
rhamnoides L.) seed extract against
Yersinia enterocolitica was 350 ppm.
The Advantages of the Process is
- 1. The process is simple and the solvents used in this process can be
regenerated for further use.
- 2. The raw material (seed) has no commercial value at present.
*
