Title: Soybean variety XB32Y04
Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided a novel soybean variety designated XB32Y04. This invention thus relates to the seeds of soybean variety XB32Y04, to the plants of soybean XB32Y04 to plant parts of soybean variety XB32Y04 and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing plants of the soybean variety XB32Y04 with another soybean plant, using XB32Y04 as either the mate or the female parent.
Patent Number: 6,967,264 Issued on 11/22/2005 to Luzzi, et al.
| Inventors:
|
Luzzi; Bruce Michael (Memphis, TN);
Schnebly; Steven R. (Scranton, IA)
|
| Assignee:
|
Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. (Des Moines, IA)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
768508 |
| Filed:
|
January 30, 2004 |
| Current U.S. Class: |
800/312; 435/415; 800/260; 800/298 |
| Intern'l Class: |
A01H 001/00; A01H 004/00; A01H 005/00; A01H 005/10 |
| Field of Search: |
800/312,260,298
435/415
|
References Cited [Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
Plant Variety Protection Certificate No. 200200082 for Soybean 93B09, issued
Jun. 10, 2002.
Plant Variety Protection Certificate No. 200200083 for Soybean 93B36, issued
Jun, 10, 2002.
Plant Variety Protection Certificate No. 200200084 for Soybean 93B68, issued
Jun. 10, 2002.
Plant Variety Protection Certificate No. 9800069 for Soybean 93B51, issued May
8, 2001.
|
Primary Examiner: Kruse; David H
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
Claims
1. A seed of soybean variety XB32Y04, representative seed of said soybean variety
XB32Y04 having been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-6666.
2. A soybean plant, or a part thereof, produced by growing the seed of claim 1.
3. The soybean plant part of claim 2, wherein said part is pollen.
4. The soybean plant part of claim 2, wherein said part is an ovule.
5. A tissue culture of protoplasts or regenerable cells produced from the plant
of claim 2.
6. The tissue culture according to claim 5, wherein the cells or protoplasts
are produced from a plant tissue selected from the group consisting of leaf, pollen,
cotyledon, hypocotyl, embryos, root, pod, flower, shoot and stem.
7. A soybean plant regenerated from the tissue culture of claim 5 having all
the morphological and physiological characteristics of soybean variety XB32Y04,
representative seed of said soybean variety XB32Y04 having been deposited under
ATCC Accession No. PTA-6666.
8. A method for producing a progeny soybean plant comprising crossing the plant
of claim 2 with a different soybean plant, harvesting the resultant soybean seed,
and growing a soybean plant.
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention is in the field of soybean breeding, specifically relating to
a soybean variety designated XB32Y04.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and distinctive soybean variety, designated
XB32Y04 which has been the result of years of careful breeding and selection as
part of a soybean breeding program. There are numerous steps in the development
of any novel, desirable plant germplasm. Plant breeding begins with the analysis
and definition of problems and weaknesses of the current germplasm, the establishment
of program goals, and the definition of specific breeding objectives. The next
step is selection of germplasm that possess the traits to meet the program goals.
The goal is to combine in a single variety an improved combination of desirable
traits from the parental germplasm. These important traits may include higher seed
yield, resistance to diseases and insects, tolerance to drought and heat, and better
agronomic qualities.
These processes, which lead to the final step of marketing and distribution,
can take from six to twelve years from the time the first cross is made. Therefore,
development of new varieties is a time-consuming process that requires precise
forward planning, efficient use of resources, and a minimum of changes in direction.
Soybean (
Glycine max), is an important and valuable field crop. Thus,
a continuing goal of soybean breeders is to develop stable, high yielding soybean
varieties that are agronomically sound. The reasons for this goal are to maximize
the amount of grain produced on the land used and to supply food for both animals
and humans. To accomplish this goal, the soybean breeder must select and develop
soybean plants that have the traits that result in superior varieties.
Pioneer soybean research staff creates over 500,000 potential new varieties
each year. Of those new varieties, less than 50 and more commonly less than 25
are actually selected for commercial use.
The soybean is the world's leading source of vegetable oil and protein meal.
The oil extracted from soybeans is used for cooking oil, margarine, and salad dressings.
Soybean oil is composed of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty
acids. It has a typical composition of 11% palmitic, 4% stearic, 25% oleic, 50%
linoleic and 9% linolenic fatty acid content ("Economic Implications of Modified
Soybean Traits Summary Report", Iowa Soybean Promotion Board & American Soybean
Association Special Report 92S, May 1990). Changes in fatty acid composition for
improved oxidative stability and nutrition are constantly sought after. Industrial
uses of soybean oil which is subjected to further processing include ingredients
for paints, plastics, fibers, detergents, cosmetics, and lubricants. Soybean oil
may be split, inter-esterified, sulfurized, epoxidized, polymerized, ethoxylated,
or cleaved. Designing and producing soybean oil derivatives with improved functionality,
oliochemistry, is a rapidly growing field. The typical mixture of triglycerides
is usually split and separated into pure fatty acids, which are then combined with
petroleum-derived alcohols or acids, nitrogen, sulfonates, chlorine, or with fatty
alcohols derived from fats and oils.
Soybean is also used as a food source for both animals and humans. Soybean
is widely used as a source of protein for animal feeds for poultry, swine and cattle.
During processing of whole soybeans, the fibrous hull is removed and the oil is
extracted. The remaining soybean meal is a combination of carbohydrates and approximately
50% protein.
For human consumption soybean meal is made into soybean flour which is processed
to protein concentrates used for meat extenders or specialty pet foods. Production
of edible protein ingredients from soybean offers a healthy, less expensive replacement
for animal protein in meats as well as dairy-type products.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
According to the invention, there is provided a novel soybean variety,
designated XB32Y04. This invention thus relates to the seeds of soybean variety
XB32Y04, to the plants of soybean XB32Y04, to plant parts of soybean variety XB32Y04
and to methods for producing a soybean plant produced by crossing soybean variety
XB32Y04 with another soybean plant, using XB32Y04 as either the male or the female
parent. This invention also relates to methods for introgressing a transgenic or
mutant trait into soybean variety XB32Y04 and to the soybean plants and plant parts
produced by those methods. This invention also relates to soybean varieties or
breeding varieties and plant parts derived from soybean variety XB32Y04, to methods
for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety
XB32Y04 and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use
of those methods. This invention further relates to soybean seeds, plants, and
plant parts produced by crossing the soybean variety XB32Y04 with another soybean variety.
Definitions
Certain definitions used in the specification are provided below. Also in
the examples which follow, a number of terms are used. In order to provide a clear
and consistent understanding of the specification and claims, including the scope
to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided:
ALLELE=any of one or more alternative forms of a genetic sequence. In
a diploid cell or organism, the two alleles of a given sequence typically occupy
corresponding loci on a pair of homologous chromosomes.
BACKCROSSING=Process in which a breeder crosses a progeny variety
back to one of the parental genotypes one or more times.
BREEDING=The genetic manipulation of living organisms.
BREEDING CROSS. A cross to introduce new genetic material into a plant for
the development of a new variety. For example, one could cross plant A with plant
B, wherein plant B would be genetically different from plant A. After the breeding
cross, the resulting F1 plants could then be selfed or sibbed for one, two, three
or more times (F1, F2, F3, etc.) until a new variety is developed. For clarification,
such new variety would be within a pedigree distance of one breeding cross of plants
A and B. The process described above would be referred to as one breeding cycle.
BU/A=Bushels per Acre. The seed yield in bushels/acre is the actual
yield of the grain at harvest.
BSR=Brown Stem Rot Tolerance. This is a visual disease score from 1 to
9 comparing all genotypes in a given test. The score is based on leaf symptoms
of yellowing and necrosis caused by brown stem rot. A score of 9 indicates no symptoms.
Visual scores range down to a score of 1 which indicates severe symptoms of leaf
yellowing and necrosis.
CW=Canopy Width. This is visual observation of the canopy width from 1
to 9 comparing all genotypes in a given test. The higher the score the better the
canopy width observed.
CNKR=Stem Canker Tolerance. This is a visual disease score from 1 to 9
comparing all genotypes in a given test. The score is based upon premature plant
death. A score of 9 indicates no symptoms, whereas a score of 1 indicates the entire
experimental unit died very early.
COTYLEDON=A cotyledon is a type of seed leaf. The cotyledon contains
the food storage tissues of the seed.
ELITE VARIETY=A variety that is sufficiently homozygous and homogeneous to
be used for commercial grain production. An elite variety may also be used in further breeding.
EMBRYO=The embryo is the small plant contained within a mature seed.
EMGSC=Emergence Score. The percentage of emerged plants in a plot
respective to the number of seeds planted.
F3=This symbol denotes a generation resulting from the selfing of the F2
generation along with selection for type and rogueing of off-types. The "F" number
is a term commonly used in genetics, and designates the number of the filial generation.
The "F3" generation denotes the offspring resulting from the selfing or self mating
of members of the generation having the next lower "F" number, viz. the F2 generation.
FEC=Iron-deficiency Chlorosis. Plants are scored 1 to 9 based
on visual observations. A score of 1 indicates the plants are dead or dying from
iron-deficiency chlorosis, a score of 5 means plants have intermediate health with
some leaf yellowing and a score of 9 means no stunting of the plants or yellowing
of the leaves. Plots are usually scored in mid July.
FECL=Iron-deficiency Chlorosis. Plants are scored 1 to 9 based
on visual observations. A score of 1 indicates the plants are dead or dying from
iron-deficiency chlorosis, a score of 5 means plants have intermediate health with
some leaf yellowing and a score of 9 means no stunting of the plants or yellowing
of the leaves. Plots are scored around mid August.
FEY=Frogeye Tolerance. This is a visual disease score from 1 to 9 comparing
all genotypes in a given test. The score is based upon leaf lesions. A score of
9 indicates no lesions, whereas a score of 1 indicates severe leaf necrosis.
GENOTYPE=Refers to the genetic constitution of a cell or organism.
HABIT=This refers to the physical appearance of a plant. It can be determinate,
semi-determinate, intermediate, or indeterminate. In soybeans, indeterminate varieties
are those in which stem growth is not limited by formation of a reproductive structure
(i.e., flowers, pods and seeds) and hence growth continues throughout flowering
and during part of pod filling. The main stem will develop and set pods over a
prolonged period under favorable conditions. In soybeans, determinate varieties
are those in which stem growth ceases at flowering time. Most flowers develop simultaneously,
and most pods fill at approximately the same time. The terms semi-determinate and
intermediate are also used to describe plant habit and are defined in Bernard,
R. L. 1972. "Two genes affecting stem termination in soybeans." Crop Science 12:235-239;
Woodworth, C. M. 1932. "Genetics and breeding in the improvement of the soybean."
Bull. Agric. Exp. Stn. (Illinois) 384:297-404; Woodworth, C. M. 1933. "Genetics
of the soybean." J. Am. Soc. Agron. 25:36-51.
HERBRES=Herbicide Resistance. This indicates that the plant is
more tolerant to the herbicide shown than the level of herbicide tolerance exhibited
by wild type plants. A designation of RR indicates tolerance to glyphosate and
a designation of STS indicates tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides.
HGT=Plant Height. Plant height is taken from the top of the soil to top
pod of the plant and is measured in inches.
HILUM=This refers to the scar left on the seed which marks the place where
the seed was attached to the pod prior to it (the seed) being harvested.
HYPL=Hypocotyl Elongation. This score indicates the ability of the
seed to emerge when planted 3" deep in sand pots and with a controlled temperature
of 25° C. The number of plants that emerge each day are counted. Based on
this data, each genotype is given a 1 to 9 score based on its rate of emergence
and percent of emergence. A score of 9 indicates an excellent rate and percent
of emergence, an intermediate score of 5 indicates average ratings and a 1 score
indicates a very poor rate and percent of emergence.
HYPOCOTYL=A hypocotyl is the portion of an embryo or seedling between
the cotyledons and the root. Therefore, it can be considered a transition zone
between shoot and root.
LDGSEV=Lodging Resistance. Lodging is rated on a scale of 1 to 9.
A score of 9 indicates erect plants. A score of 5 indicates plants are leaning
at a 45° angle in relation to the ground and a score of 1 indicates plants
are laying on the ground.
LEAFLETS=These are part of the plant shoot, and they manufacture food
for the plant by the process of photosynthesis.
LINKAGE=Refers to a phenomenon wherein alleles on the same chromosome
tend to segregate together more often than expected by chance if their transmission
was independent.
LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM=Refers to a phenomenon wherein alleles tend to remain
together in linkage groups when segregating from parents to offspring, with a greater
frequency than expected from their individual frequencies.
LLE=Linoleic Acid Percent. Linoleic acid is one of the five most abundant
fatty acids in soybean seeds. It is measured by gas chromatography and is reported
as a percent of the total oil content.
LLN=Linolenic Acid Percent. Linolenic acid is one of the five most
abundant fatty acids in soybean seeds. It is measured by gas chromatography and
is reported as a percent of the total oil content.
MAT ABS=Absolute Maturity. This term is defined as the length of time from planting
to complete physiological development (maturity). The period from planting until
maturity is reached is measured in days, usually in comparison to one or more standard
varieties. Plants are considered mature when 95% of the pods have reached their
mature color.
MATURITY GROUP=This refers to an agreed-on industry division of groups of
varieties, based on the zones in which they are adapted primarily according to
day length or latitude. They consist of very long day length varieties (Groups
000, 00, 0), and extend to very short day length varieties (Groups VII, VIII, IX, X).
OIL=Oil Percent. Soybean seeds contain a considerable amount of oil. Oil
is measured by NIR spectrophotometry, and is reported on an as is percentage basis.
OLC=Oleic Acid Percent. Oleic acid is one of the five most abundant fatty
acids in soybean seeds. It is measured by gas chromatography and is reported as
a percent of the total oil content.
PEDIGREE DISTANCE=Relationship among generations based on their ancestral
links as evidenced in pedigrees. May be measured by the distance of the pedigree
from a given starting point in the ancestry.
PERCENT IDENTITY. Percent identity as used herein refers to the comparison
of the homozygous alleles of two soybean varieties. Percent identity is determined
by comparing a statistically significant number of the homozygous alleles of two
developed varieties. For example, a percent identity of 90% between soybean variety
1 and soybean variety 2 means that the two varieties have the same allele at 90%
of their loci.
PERCENT SIMILARITY. Percent similarity as used herein refers to the comparison
of the homozygous alleles of a soybean variety such as XB32Y04 with another plant,
and if the homozygous allele of XB32Y04 matches at least one of the alleles from
the other plant then they are scored as similar. Percent similarity is determined
by comparing a statistically significant number of loci and recording the number
of loci with similar alleles as a percentage. A percent similarity of 90% between
XB32Y04 and another plant means that XB32Y04 matches at least one of the alleles
of the other plant at 90% of the loci.
PLANT. As used herein, the term "plant" includes reference to an immature
or mature whole plant, including a plant from which seed or grain or anthers have
been removed. Seed or embryo that will produce the plant is also considered to
be the plant.
PLANT PARTS. As used herein, the term "plant parts" includes leaves, stems,
roots, root tips, anthers, seed, grain, embryo, pollen, ovules, flowers, cotyledon,
hypocotyl, pod, flower, shoot and stalk, tissue, cells and the like.
PLM=Palmitic Acid Percent. Palmitic acid is one of the five most abundant
fatty acids in soybean seeds. It is measured by gas chromatography and is reported
as a percent of the total oil content.
POD=This refers to the fruit of a soybean plant. It consists of the hull
or shell (pericarp) and the soybean seeds.
PRT=Phytophthora Tolerance. Tolerance to Phytophthora root rot is
rated on a scale of 1 to 9, with a score of 9 being the best or highest tolerance
ranging down to a score of 1 which indicates the plants have no tolerance to Phytophthora.
PRMMAT=Predicted Relative Maturity. Soybean maturities are divided
into relative maturity groups. In the United States the most common maturity groups
are 00 through VIII. Within maturity groups 00 through V are sub-groups. A sub-group
is a tenth of a relative maturity group. Within narrow comparisons, the difference
of a tenth of a relative maturity group equates very roughly to a day difference
in maturity at harvest.
PRO=Protein Percent. Soybean seeds contain a considerable amount of protein.
Protein is generally measured by NIR spectrophotometry, and is reported on a dry
weight basis.
PUBESCENCE=This refers to a covering of very fine hairs closely arranged
on the leaves, stems and pods of the soybean plant.
RKI=Root-knot Nematode, Southern. This is a visual disease score from
1 to 9 comparing all genotypes in a given test. The score is based upon digging
plants to visually score the roots for presence or absence of galling. A score
of 9 indicates that there is no galling of the roots, a score of 1 indicates large
severe galling cover most of the root system which results in pre-mature death
from decomposing of the root system.
RKA=Root-knot Nematode, Peanut. This is a visual disease score from
1 to 9 comparing all genotypes in a given test. The score is based upon digging
plants to look at the roots for presence or absence of galling. A score of 9 indicates
that there is no galling of the roots, a score of 1 indicates large severe galling
cover most of the root system which results in pre-mature death from decomposing
of the root system.
SCN=Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance. The score is based on resistance
to a particular race of soybean cyst nematode, such as race 1, 2, 3, 5 or 14. Scores
are visual observations of resistance as versus other genotypes in the test, with
a higher score indicating a higher level of resistance.
SD VIG=Seedling Vigor. The score is based on the speed of emergence of the plants
within a plot relative to other plots within an experiment. A score of 9 indicates
that 90% of plants growing have expanded first leaves. A score of 1 indicates no
plants have expanded first leaves.
SDS=Sudden Death Syndrome. Tolerance to Sudden Death Syndrome is rated
on a scale of 1 to 9, with a score of 1 being very susceptible ranging up to a
score of 9 being tolerant.
S/LB=Seeds per Pound. Soybean seeds vary in seed size, therefore, the
number of seeds required to make up one pound also varies. This affects the pounds
of seed required to plant a given area, and can also impact end uses.
SHATTR=Shattering. This refers to the amount of pod dehiscence
prior to harvest. Pod dehiscence involves seeds falling from the pods to the soil.
This is a visual score from 1 to 9 comparing all genotypes within a given test.
A score of 9 means pods have not opened and no seeds have fallen out. A score of
5 indicates approximately 50% of the pods have opened, with seeds falling to the
ground and a score of 1 indicates 100% of the pods are opened.
SHOOTS=These are a portion of the body of the plant. They consist of
stems, petioles and leaves.
STC=Stearic Acid Percent. Stearic acid is one of the five most abundant
fatty acids in soybean seeds. It is measured by gas chromatography and is reported
as a percent of the total oil content.
WH MD=White Mold Tolerance. This is a visual disease score from 1 to 9 comparing
all genotypes in a given test. The score is based upon observations of mycelial
growth and death of plants. A score of 9 indicates no symptoms. Visual scores of
1 indicate complete death of the experimental unit.
Definitions for Area of Adaptability
When referring to area of adaptability, such term is used to describe the location
with the environmental conditions that would be well suited for this soybean variety.
Area of adaptability is based on a number of factors, for example: days to maturity,
insect resistance, disease resistance, and drought resistance. Area of adaptability
does not indicate that the soybean variety will grow in every location within the
area of adaptability or that it will not grow outside the area. Area of adaptability
may also be used to refer to the soil or growing conditions.
Midwest: Iowa and Missouri
Heartland: Illinois and the western half of Indiana
Plains: ⅔ of the eastern parts of South Dakota and Nebraska
North Central: Minnesota, Wisconsin, the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and
the eastern half of North Dakota
Mideast: Michigan, Ohio, and the eastern half of Indiana
Eastern: Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Connecticut,
Massachusetts, New York, Vermont, and Maine
Southern: Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana
Western: Texas, Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Nevada,
California, Washington, Oregon, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, the western half of North
Dakota, and the western ⅓ South Dakota and Nebraska
PMG infested soils: soils containing Phytophthora sojae
Narrow rows: 7" and 15" row spacing
High yield environments: areas which lack normal stress for example they
have sufficient rainfall, water drainage, low disease pressure, and low weed pressure
Tough environments: areas which have stress challenges, opposite of a high
yield environment
SCN infected soils: soils containing soybean cyst nematode other areas of
adaptation include the soybean growing regions of Canada, tight clay soils, light
sandy soils and no-till locations.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
The variety of the invention has shown uniformity and stability for all traits,
as described in the following variety description information. It has been self-pollinated
a sufficient number of generations, with careful attention to uniformity of plant
type to ensure a sufficient level of homozygosity and phenotypic stability. The
variety has been increased with continued observation for uniformity. No variant
traits have been observed or are expected.
Soybean variety XB32Y04 is particularly adapted to Mideast, Midwest, and
Heartland United States.
Soybean variety XB32Y04 demonstrates a valuable combination of traits, including
exceptional yield potential, resistance to glyphosate herbicides, and modified
fatty acid profile to fit low linolenic acid applications.
Soybean variety XB32Y04 exhibits a relative maturity of 3 and a subgroup
of approximately 2. A variety description of Soybean variety XB32Y04 is provided
in Table 1. Traits reported are average values for all locations and years or samples measured.
Soybean variety XB32Y04, being substantially homozygous, can be reproduced
by planting seeds of the variety, growing the resulting soybean plants under self-pollinating
or sib-pollinating conditions, and harvesting the resulting seed, using techniques
familiar to the agricultural arts.
| TABLE 1 |
| |
| Variety Description Information |
| XB32Y04 |
| PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS |
| |
General Characteristics |
|
|
| |
Herbicide Resistance |
RR, STS |
RR |
| |
Avg. Harvest Standability |
LDGSEV |
7 |
| |
Avg. Field Emergence |
EMGSC |
8 |
| |
Avg. Hypocotyl Length |
HYPLSC |
9 |
| |
Hypocotyl Length |
|
L |
| |
Avg. Canopy Width (9 = wide) |
CW |
5 |
| |
Avg. Shattering |
SHATTR |
| |
Disease/Insect/Fungal |
| |
Resistance |
| |
Phytophthora Race 4 |
|
Suscept |
| |
Phytophthora Race 7 |
|
Suscept |
| |
Phytophthora Race 25 |
|
Suscept |
| |
Avg. Phytophthora Tolerance |
PRT |
5 |
| |
Avg. Brown Stem Rot |
BSR |
| |
Avg. Iron Chlorosis |
FEC |
| |
Avg. White Mold |
WHMD |
4 |
| |
Avg. Cyst Nematode Race 1 |
SCN1 |
| |
Avg. Cyst Nematode Race 3 |
SCN3 |
| |
Avg. Cyst Nematode Race 5 |
SCN5 |
| |
Avg. Cyst Nematode Race 14 |
SCN14 |
| |
Avg. Sudden Death Syndrome |
SDS |
4 |
| |
Avg. Root-knot |
RKI |
| |
Nematode-Southern |
| |
Avg. Root-knot |
RKA |
| |
Nematode - Peanut |
| |
Avg. Stem Canker |
CNKR |
| |
Avg. Frogeye Leaf Spot |
FEY |
7 |
| |
Oil/Meal Type |
| |
Avg. Seed Protein (% @ |
PROT |
39.3 |
| |
Dry Wgt Basis) |
| |
Avg. Seed Oil (% @ Dry |
OILT |
21.1 |
| |
Wgt Basis) |
| |
Avg. Seed Size (avg seeds/lb) |
S/LB |
| |
Color Characteristics |
| |
Flower Color |
FL |
White |
| |
Pubescence Color |
PU |
Tawny |
| |
Hila Color |
HI |
Brown |
| |
Pod Color |
PD |
Tan |
| |
Seed Coat Luster |
SCL |
Dull |
| |
Leaf Color |
LC |
| |
|
Performance Examples of XB32Y04
In the examples that follow in Table 2, the traits and characteristics of soybean
variety XB32Y04 are given in paired comparisons with the Pioneer varieties shown
in the following tables. Traits reported are mean values for all locations and
years where paired comparison data was obtained.
| TABLE 2A |
| |
| VARIETY COMPARISON |
| DATA FOR XB32Y04 vs. 92M91 |
| |
YIELD |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
bu/a 60# |
MATABS count |
LDGSEV score |
HGT in |
OILPCT |
PROTN |
| Statistic |
ABS |
ABS |
ABS |
ABS |
pct ABS |
pct ABS |
| |
| 92M91 |
45.1 |
124.9 |
7.4 |
34.5 |
20.76 |
34.03 |
| XB32Y04 |
41.5 |
128.3 |
7 |
35.5 |
18.86 |
35.13 |
| #Locs |
18 |
8 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
| #Reps |
18 |
8 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
| Years |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Abs. Diff |
3.6 |
3.4 |
0.4 |
1 |
1.9 |
1.09 |
| Prob |
0.013 |
0.002 |
0.374 |
0.415 |
0.001 |
0.049 |
| |
| TABLE 2B |
| |
| VARIETY COMPARISON |
| DATA FOR XB32Y04 vs. 93B09 |
| |
YIELD |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
bu/a 60# |
MATABS count |
LDGSEV score |
HGT in |
OILPCT |
PROTN |
| Statistic |
ABS |
ABS |
ABS |
ABS |
pct ABS |
pct ABS |
| |
| 93B09 |
43.9 |
123.7 |
8.4 |
33.2 |
20.41 |
34.52 |
| XB32Y04 |
42.8 |
126 |
7 |
35.5 |
18.86 |
35.13 |
| #Locs |
25 |
12 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
| #Reps |
25 |
12 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
| #Years |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Abs. Diff |
1 |
2.3 |
1.4 |
2.3 |
1.55 |
0.61 |
| Prob |
0.272 |
0.004 |
0.080 |
0.071 |
0.000 |
0.032 |
| |
| TABLE 2C |
| |
| VARIETY COMPARISON |
| DATA FOR XB32Y04 vs. 93B36 |
| |
YIELD |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
bu/a 60# |
MATABS count |
LDGSEV score |
HGT in |
OILPCT |
PROTN |
| Statistic |
ABS |
ABS |
ABS |
ABS |
pct ABS |
pct ABS |
| |
| 93B36 |
45.4 |
127.8 |
7.2 |
35.3 |
19.6 |
34.92 |
| XB32Y04 |
42.8 |
126 |
7 |
35.5 |
18.86 |
35.13 |
| #Locs |
25 |
12 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
| #Reps |
25 |
12 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
| #Years |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Abs. Diff |
2.6 |
1.8 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.74 |
0.21 |
| Prob |
0.061 |
0.004 |
0.749 |
0.883 |
0.011 |
0.508 |
| |
| TABLE 2D |
| |
| VARIETY COMPARISON |
| DATA FOR XB32Y04 vs. 93B68 |
| |
YIELD |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
bu/a 60# |
MATABS count |
LDGSEV score |
HGT in |
OILPCT |
PROTN |
| Statistic |
ABS |
ABS |
ABS |
ABS |
pct ABS |
pct ABS |
| |
| 93B68 |
47.3 |
129.9 |
7 |
35.7 |
19.82 |
35.38 |
| XB32Y04 |
42.8 |
126 |
7 |
35.5 |
18.86 |
35.13 |
| #Locs |
25 |
12 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
| #Reps |
25 |
12 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
| #Years |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
| Abs. Diff |
4.5 |
3.9 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.95 |
0.25 |
| Prob |
0.000 |
0.000 |
1.000 |
0.862 |
0.001 |
0.517 |
| |
Further Embodiments of the Invention
Genetic Marker Profile Through SSR and First Generation Progeny
In addition to phenotypic observations, a plant can also be identified by its
genotype. The genotype of a plant can be characterized through a genetic marker
profile which can identify plants of the same variety or a related variety or be
used to determine or validate a pedigree. Genetic marker profiles can be obtained
by techniques such as Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), Randomly
Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction
(AP-PCR), DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF), Sequence Characterized Amplified
Regions (SCARs), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), Simple Sequence
Repeats (SSRs) which are also referred to as Microsatellites, and Single Nucleotide
Polymorphisms (SNPs). For example, see Cregan et. al, "An Integrated Genetic Linkage
Map of the Soybean Genome" Crop Science 39:1464-1490 (1999), and Berry et. al.,
Assessing Probability of Ancestry Using Simple Sequence Repeat Profiles: Applications
to Maize Inbred Lines and Soybean Varieties" Genetics 165:331-342 (2003), each
of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Particular markers used for these purposes are not limited to any particular
set of markers, but are envisioned to include any type of marker and marker profile
which provides a means of distinguishing varieties. One method of comparison is
where only the loci for which XB32Y04 is homozygous are used. For example, one
set of publicly available markers which could be used to screen and identify variety
XB32Y04 is disclosed in Table 3.
| TABLE 3 |
| Soybean SSR Marker Set |
| |
Sctt008 |
Satt372 |
Satt495 |
| |
Satt328 |
Satt582 |
Satt523 |
| |
Satt572 |
Satt389 |
Satt284 |
| |
Satt165 |
Satt543 |
Satt513 |
| |
Satt042 |
Satt186 |
Satt590 |
| |
Satt300 |
Sct137 |
Satt150 |
| |
Satt050 |
Satt213 |
Satt567 |
| |
Satt385 |
Satt384 |
Satt540 |
| |
Satt545 |
Satt598 |
Satt175 |
| |
Satt225 |
Satt204 |
Satt551 |
| |
Satt133 |
Satt602 |
Satt250 |
| |
Satt411 |
Satt452 |
Satt336 |
| |
Satt233 |
Satt193 |
Satt255 |
| |
Satt327 |
Satt348 |
Satt234 |
| |
Satt421 |
Satt144 |
Satt257 |
| |
Satt470 |
Sat090 |
Satt358 |
| |
Satt455 |
Satt594 |
Satt259 |
| |
Satt409 |
Satt517 |
Satt420 |
| |
Satt228 |
Sat117 |
Satt262 |
| |
Sct188 |
Sct187 |
Satt478 |
| |
Satt426 |
Satt353 |
Satt592 |
| |
Satt509 |
Satt568 |
Satt153 |
| |
Satt251 |
Sctt009 |
Satt216 |
| |
Satt197 |
Satt279 |
Satt266 |
| |
Satt303 |
Satt367 |
Satt412 |
| |
Satt577 |
Satt127 |
Satt546 |
| |
Satt467 |
Sctt012 |
Satt172 |
| |
Sct034 |
Satt270 |
Sat104 |
| |
Satt304 |
Satt243 |
Satt440 |
| |
Satt601 |
Satt243 |
Satt249 |
| |
Satt556 |
Satt243 |
Sct046 |
| |
Satt122 |
Sct028 |
Satt596 |
| |
Satt534 |
Satt357 |
Satt380 |
| |
Satt142 |
Satt532 |
Satt183 |
| |
Satt565 |
Satt221 |
Satt431 |
| |
Sct186 |
Satt383 |
Satt102 |
| |
Satt451 |
Satt295 |
Satt555 |
| |
Satt227 |
Satt507 |
Satt441 |
| |
Satt432 |
Satt147 |
Satt557 |
| |
Satt457 |
Satt196 |
Satt475 |
| |
Primers and PCR protocols for assaying these and other markers are disclosed
in the Soybase (sponsored by the USDA Agricultural Research Service and Iowa State
University) located at the world wide web at 129.186.26.94/SSR.html. In addition
to being used for identification of soybean variety XB32Y04 and plant parts and
plant cells of variety XB32Y04, the genetic profile may be used to identify a soybean
plant produced through the use of XB32Y04 or to verify a pedigree for progeny plants
produced through the use of XB32Y04. The genetic marker profile is also useful
in breeding and developing backcross conversions.
The present invention comprises a soybean plant characterized by molecular and
physiological data obtained from the representative sample of said variety deposited
with the ATCC. Further provided by the invention is a soybean plant formed by the
combination of the disclosed soybean plant or plant cell with another soybean plant
or cell and comprising the homozygous alleles of the variety.
Means of performing genetic marker profiles using SSR polymorphisms are well
known in the art. SSRs are genetic markers based on polymorphisms in repeated nucleotide
sequences, such as microsatellites. A marker system based on SSRs can be highly
informative in linkage analysis relative to other marker systems in that multiple
alleles may be present. Another advantage of this type of marker is that, through
use of flanking primers, detection of SSRs can be achieved, for example, by the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR), thereby eliminating the need for labor-intensive
Southern hybridization. The PCR detection is done by use of two oligonucleotide
primers flanking the polymorphic segment of repetitive DNA. Repeated cycles of
heat denaturation of the DNA followed by annealing of the primers to their complementary
sequences at low temperatures, and extension of the annealed primers with DNA polymerase,
comprise the major part of the methodology.
Following amplification, markers can be scored by gel electrophoresis of
the amplification products. Scoring of marker genotype is based on the size of
the amplified fragment as measured by base pair weight or molecular weight of the
fragment. While variation in the primer used or in laboratory procedures can affect
the reported weight, relative values should remain constant regardless of the specific
primer or laboratory used. When comparing varieties it is preferable if all SSR
profiles are performed in the same lab.
Primers used are publicly available and may be found in the Soybase or Cregan
supra. See also, PCT Publication No. WO 99/31964 Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Soybean,
U.S. Pat. No. 6,162,967 Positional Cloning of Soybean Cyst Nematode Resistance
Genes, and US 2002/0129402A1 Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Resistant Soybeans and
Methods of Breeding and Identifying Resistant Plants, the disclosure of which are
incorporated herein by reference.
The SSR profile of soybean plant XB32Y04 can be used to identify plants comprising
XB32Y04 as a parent, since such plants will comprise the same homozygous alleles
as XB32Y04. Because the soybean variety is essentially homozygous at all relevant
loci, most loci should have only one type of allele present. In contrast, a genetic
marker profile of an F1 progeny should be the sum of those parents, e.g., if one
parent was homozygous for allele x at a particular locus, and the other parent
homozygous for allele y at that locus, then the F1 progeny will be xy (heterozygous)
at that locus. Subsequent generations of progeny produced by selection and breeding
are expected to be of genotype x (homozygous), y (homozygous), or xy (heterozygous)
for that locus position. When the F1 plant is selfed or sibbed for successive filial
generations, the locus should be either x or y for that position.
In addition, plants and plant parts substantially benefiting from the use of
XB32Y04
in their development, such as XB32Y04 comprising a backcross conversion, transgene,
or genetic sterility factor, may be identified by having a molecular marker profile
with a high percent identity to XB32Y04. Such a percent identity might be 95%,
96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5% or 99.9% identical to XB32Y04.
The SSR profile of XB32Y04 also can be used to identify essentially derived varieties
and other progeny varieties developed from the use of XB32Y04, as well as cells
and other plant parts thereof. Such plants may be developed using the markers identified
in WO 00/31964, U.S. Pat. No. 6,162,967 and US2002/0129402A1. Progeny plants and
plant parts produced using XB32Y04 may be identified by having a molecular marker
profile of at least 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 79%,
80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%,86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%,
96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 99.5% genetic contribution from soybean variety, as measured
by either percent identity or percent similarity. Such progeny may be further characterized
as being within a pedigree distance of XB32Y04, such as within 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5
or less cross-pollinations to a soybean plant other than XB32Y04 or a plant that
has XB32Y04 as a progenitor. Unique molecular profiles may be identified with other
molecular tools such as SNPs and RFLPs.
While determining the SSR genetic marker profile of the plants described supra,
several unique SSR profiles may also be identified which did not appear in either
parent of such plant. Such unique SSR profiles may arise during the breeding process
from recombination or mutation. A combination of several unique alleles provides
a means of identifying a plant variety, an F1 progeny produced from such variety,
and progeny produced from such variety.
Introduction of a New Trait or Locus Into XB32Y04
Variety XB32Y04 represents a new base genetic variety into which a new locus
or trait may be introgressed. Direct transformation and backcrossing represent
two important methods that can be used to accomplish such an introgression. The
term backcross conversion and single locus conversion are used interchangeably
to designate the product of a backcrossing program.
Backcross Conversions of XB32Y04
A backcross conversion of XB32Y04 occurs when DNA sequences are introduced through
backcrossing (Hallauer et al, 1988), with XB32Y04 utilized as the recurrent parent.
Both naturally occurring and transgenic DNA sequences may be introduced through
backcrossing techniques. A backcross conversion may produce a plant with a trait
or locus conversion in at least two or more backcrosses, including at least 2 crosses,
at least 3 crosses, at least 4 crosses, at least 5 crosses and the like. Molecular
marker assisted breeding or selection may be utilized to reduce the number of backcrosses
necessary to achieve the backcross conversion. For example, see Openshaw, S. J.
et al., Marker-assisted Selection in Backcross Breeding. In: Proceedings Symposium
of the Analysis of Molecular Data, August 1994, Crop Science Society of America,
Corvallis, Oreg., where it is demonstrated that a backcross conversion can be made
in as few as two backcrosses.
The complexity of the backcross conversion method depends on the type of trait
being transferred (single genes or closely linked genes as vs. unlinked genes),
the level of expression of the trait, the type of inheritance (cytoplasmic or nuclear)
and the types of parents included in the cross. It is understood by those of ordinary
skill in the art that for single gene traits that are relatively easy to classify,
the backcross method is effective and relatively easy to manage. (See Hallauer
et al. in Corn and Corn Improvement, Sprague and Dudley, Third Ed. 1998). Desired
traits that may be transferred through backcross conversion include, but are not
limited to, sterility (nuclear and cytoplasmic), fertility restoration, nutritional
enhancements, drought tolerance, nitrogen utilization, altered fatty acid profile,
low phytate, industrial enhancements, disease resistance (bacterial, fungal or
viral), insect resistance and herbicide resistance. In addition, an introgression
site itself, such as an FRT site, Lox site or other site specific integration site,
may be inserted by backcrossing and utilized for direct insertion of one or more
genes of interest into a specific plant variety. In some embodiments of the invention,
the number of loci that may be backcrossed into XB32Y04 is at least 1, 2, 3, 4,
or 5 and/or no more than 6, 5, 4, 3, or 2. A single locus may contain several transgenes,
such as a transgene for disease resistance that, in the same expression vector,
also contains a transgene for herbicide resistance. The gene for herbicide resistance
may be used as a selectable marker and/or as a phenotypic trait. A single locus
conversion of site specific integration system allows for the integration of multiple
genes at the converted loci.
The backcross conversion may result from either the transfer of a dominant allele
or a recessive allele. Selection of progeny containing the trait of interest is
accomplished by direct selection for a trait associated with a dominant allele.
Transgenes transferred via backcrossing typically function as a dominant single
gene trait and are relatively easy to classify. Selection of progeny for a trait
that is transferred via a recessive allele requires growing and selfing the first
backcross generation to determine which plants carry the recessive alleles. Recessive
traits may require additional progeny testing in successive backcross generations
to determine the presence of the locus of interest. The last backcross generation
is usually selfed to give pure breeding progeny for the gene(s) being transferred,
although a backcross conversion with a stably introgressed trait may also be maintained
by further backcrossing to the recurrent parent with selection for the converted trait.
Along with selection for the trait of interest, progeny are selected for the
phenotype of the recurrent parent. The backcross is a form of inbreeding, and the
features of the recurrent parent are automatically recovered after successive backcrosses.
Poehlman, Breeding Field Crops, P. 204 (1987). Poehlman suggests from one to four
or more backcrosses, but as noted above, the number of backcrosses necessary can
be reduced with the use of molecular markers. Other factors, such as a genetically
similar donor parent, may also reduce the number of backcrosses necessary. As noted
by Poehlman, backcrossing is easiest for simply inherited, dominant and easily
recognized traits.
One process for adding or modifying a trait or locus in soybean variety XB32Y04
comprises crossing XB32Y04 plants grown from XB32Y04 seed with plants of another
soybean variety that comprise the desired trait or locus, selecting F1 progeny
plants that comprise the desired trait or locus to produce selected F1 progeny
plants, crossing the selected progeny plants with the XB32Y04 plants to produce
backcross progeny plants, selecting for backcross progeny plants that have the
desired trait or locus and the morphological characteristics of soybean variety
XB32Y04 to produce selected backcross progeny plants; and backcrossing to XB32Y04
three or more times in succession to produce selected fourth or higher backcross
progeny plants that comprise said trait or locus. The modified XB32Y04 may be further
characterized as having the physiological and morphological characteristics of
soybean variety XB32Y04 listed in Table 1 as determined at the 5% significance
level when grown in the same environmental conditions and/or may be characterized
by percent similarity or identity to XB32Y04 as determined by SSR markers. The
above method may be utilized with fewer backcrosses in appropriate situations,
such as when the donor parent is highly related or markers are used in the selection
step. Desired traits that may be used include those nucleic acids known in the
art, some of which are listed herein, that will affect traits through nucleic acid
expression or inhibition. Desired loci include the introgression of FRT, Lox and
other sites for site specific integration, which may also affect a desired trait
if a functional nucleic acid is inserted at the integration site.
In addition, the above process and other similar processes described herein may
be used to produce first generation progeny soybean seed by adding a step at the
end of the process that comprises crossing XB32Y04 with the introgressed trait
or locus with a different soybean plant and harvesting the resultant first generation
progeny soybean seed.
Transformation
The advent of new molecular biological techniques has allowed the isolation and
characterization of genetic elements with specific functions, such as encoding
specific protein products. Scientists in the field of plant biology developed a
strong interest in engineering the genome of plants to contain and express foreign
genetic elements, or additional, or modified versions of native or endogenous genetic
elements in order to alter the traits of a plant in a specific manner. Any DNA
sequences, whether from a different species or from the same species, that are
inserted into the genome using transformation are referred to herein collectively
as "transgenes". In some embodiments of the invention, a transformed variant of
XB32Y04 may contain at least one transgene but could contain at least 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and/or no more than 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5,
4, 3, or 2. Over the last fifteen to twenty years several methods for producing
transgenic plants have been developed, and the present invention also relates to
transformed versions of the claimed soybean variety XB32Y04.
One embodiment of the invention is a process for producing soybean variety XB32Y04
further comprising a desired trait, said process comprising transforming a soybean
plant of variety XB32Y04 with a transgene that confers a desired trait. Another
embodiment is the product produced by this process. In one embodiment the desired
trait may be one or more of herbicide resistance, insect resistance, disease resistance,
decreased phytate, or modified fatty acid or carbohydrate metabolism. The specific
gene may be any known in the art or listed herein, including; a polynucleotide
conferring resistance to imidazolinone, sulfonylurea, glyphosate, glufosinate,
triazine and benzonitrile; a polynucleotide encoding a bacillus thuringiensis polypeptide,
a polynucleotide encoding phytase, FAD-2, FAD-3, galactinol synthase or a raffinose
synthetic enzyme; or a polynucleotide conferring resistance to soybean cyst nematode,
brown stem rot, phytophthora root rot, soybean mosaic virus or sudden death syndrome.
Numerous methods for plant transformation have been developed, including
biological and physical plant transformation protocols. See, for example, Miki
et al., "Procedures for Introducing Foreign DNA into Plants" in
Methods in Plant
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Glick, B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds.
(CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993) pages 67-88 and Armstrong, "The First Decade
of Maize Transformation: A Review and Future Perspective" (Maydica 44:101-109,
1999). In addition, expression vectors and in vitro culture methods for plant cell
or tissue transformation and regeneration of plants are available. See, for example,
Gruber et al., "Vectors for Plant Transformation" in
Methods in Plant Molecular
Biology and Biotechnology, Glick, B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press,
Inc., Boca Raton, 1993) pages 89-119.
The most prevalent types of plant transformation involve the construction of
an expression vector. Such a vector comprises a DNA sequence that contains a gene
under the control of or operatively linked to a regulatory element, for example
a promoter. The vector may contain one or more genes and one or more regulatory elements.
A genetic trait which has been engineered into the genome of a particular soybean
plant using transformation techniques, could be moved into the genome of another
variety using traditional breeding techniques that are well known in the plant
breeding arts
