Title: Standing seam roof assembly having increased sidelap shear capacity
Abstract: A standing seam roof assembly in which adjacently disposed roof panels are supported by underlying support structure in overlapping edge relationship and connected with standing seams, the roof assembly resistant to sideslipping when subjected to uplift forces and having roof panels with female sidelap portions having male insertion cavities, while adjacently disposed roof panels having male sidelap portion lockingly engaged the female cavities. The sidelap shear capacity of the roof panels is increased in one embodiment by backer plates disposed in pairs on opposing sides of the standing seams and fastened together to sandwich together the female and male sidelap portions so the standing seams have increased resistance to side slipping under wind uplift. In another embodiment, cinch plates are supported on the roof panels between the standing seams and connected to an underlying backer member that extends to and is connected to the underlying support structure.
Patent Number: 6,889,478 Issued on 05/10/2005 to Simpson
| Inventors:
|
Simpson; Harold G. (Tulsa, OK)
|
| Assignee:
|
Harold Simpson, Inc. (Tulsa, OK)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
978262 |
| Filed:
|
October 15, 2001 |
| Current U.S. Class: |
52/520; 52/528; 52/545; 52/748.1 |
| Intern'l Class: |
E04D 001/00 |
| Field of Search: |
52/520,528,529,545,547,748.1
|
References Cited [Referenced By]
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| 3583121 | Jun., 1971 | Tate et al.
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| 3740917 | Jun., 1973 | Wong.
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| 3845930 | Nov., 1974 | Metrailer.
| |
| 3998019 | Dec., 1976 | Reinwall, Jr.
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| 4099357 | Jul., 1978 | Lester.
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| 4106256 | Aug., 1978 | Cody.
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| 4133161 | Jan., 1979 | Lester.
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| 4155209 | May., 1979 | Schirmer.
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| 4213282 | Jul., 1980 | Heckelsberg.
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| 4217741 | Aug., 1980 | Cole.
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| 4269012 | May., 1981 | Mattingly et al.
| |
| 4314428 | Feb., 1982 | Bromwell.
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| 4329823 | May., 1982 | Simpson.
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| 4408423 | Oct., 1983 | Lautensleger et al.
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| 4522005 | Jun., 1985 | Seaburg et al.
| |
| 4528789 | Jul., 1985 | Simpson.
| |
| 4562683 | Jan., 1986 | Gottlieb.
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| 4597234 | Jul., 1986 | Simpson.
| |
| 4677795 | Jul., 1987 | Mathews et al.
| |
| 4686809 | Aug., 1987 | Skelton.
| |
| 4694628 | Sep., 1987 | Vondergoltz et al.
| |
| 4700522 | Oct., 1987 | Simpson.
| |
| 4706434 | Nov., 1987 | Cotter.
| |
| 4819398 | Apr., 1989 | Dameron.
| |
| 4870798 | Oct., 1989 | Richter.
| |
| 4987716 | Jan., 1991 | Boyd.
| |
| 5038543 | Aug., 1991 | Neyer.
| |
| 5142838 | Sep., 1992 | Simpson et al.
| |
| 5201158 | Apr., 1993 | Bayley et al.
| |
| 5241785 | Sep., 1993 | Meyer.
| |
| 5303528 | Apr., 1994 | Simpson et al.
| |
| 5379517 | Jan., 1995 | Skelton.
| |
| 5524409 | Jun., 1996 | Kaiser.
| |
| 5737894 | Apr., 1998 | Simpson et al.
| |
Primary Examiner: Slack; Naoko
Attorney, Agent or Firm: McCarthy; Bill D., Fellers, Snider, et al.
Parent Case Text
Related Applications
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.
09/059,146 filed Apr. 13, 1998, issued Oct. 16, 2001 as U.S. Pat. No. 6,301,853.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,301,853 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 08/484,975 filed Jun. 7, 1995, issued Apr. 14, 1998 as U.S. Pat. No. 5,737,894;
and of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/480,968 filed Jun. 7, 1995 and now U.S.
Pat. No. 5,692,352 issued Dec. 2, 1997.
Claims
1. An assembly in which adjacent panels are supported by underlying support structure
in overlapping edge relationship to form a standing seam assembly with a sidelap
shear capacity resistant to side slipping when subjected to applied forces, the
assembly comprising:
a first panel having a female sidelap portion comprising a female cavity and
a downwardly angled leg with hook portion adjacent said cavity;
a second panel comprising a male sidelap portion having a tang portion extending
from a fifth leg portion lockingly disposed in the female cavity of the first panel,
said downwardly angled leg with hook portion in conjunction with said tang portion
providing a standing seam between the first and second panels formed by pressing
said downwardly angled leg with hook portion into mating contact with said tang
portion and folding said mated downwardly angled leg with hook and tang portions
into adjacency with said fifth leg portion, the female sidelap portion further
forming a first leg portion, said assembly with the sidelap shear capacity formed
by downwardly forming the standing seam to create an acute angle with respect to
said first leg portion; and
means for increasing the sidelap shear capacity of the standing seam assembly.
2. The assembly of claim 1, in which the means for increasing sidelap shear capacity
of the assembly comprises:
at least one pair of plates, one against each of the female sidelap portion and
the male sidelap portion of the first and second panels, respectively; and
fastening means interconnecting the pair of backer plates for exerting a pressing
force against and sandwich the female sidelap and male sidelap in the standing seam.
3. The assembly of claim 1, in which the means for increasing sidelap shear capacity
of the assembly comprises:
a cinch plate disposed on one of the first and second panels;
a backer plate extending under the first and second panels; and
fastener means extending through the cinch plate, the selected panel, and the
backer plate to secure and sandwich the panel between the backer plate and the
cinch plate.
4. The assembly of claim 1 wherein the standing seam assembly is metallic.
5. The standing seam assembly of claim 1 wherein the means for increasing sidelap
shear capacity of the assembly comprises a roof clip in pressing contact adjacent
a first side of a tang member of the male sidelap portion of the second panel,
the roof clip enclosing the distal end of the tang member while looping back into
adjacency with a second side of the tang member to enclose a portion of the tang member.
6. The assembly of claim 1, in which the means for increasing sidelap shear capacity
of the assembly comprises:
a plate communicating with the female sidelap portion of said interlocked first
and second panels; and
fastening means exerting a pressing force on the male sidelap portion of said
interlocked first and second panels for interconnecting and sandwiching together
the plate, the female sidelap portion, and male sidelap portion.
7. The assembly of claim 1, in which the means for increasing sidelap shear capacity
of the assembly comprises:
a plate communicating with the male sidelap portion of said interlocked first
and second panels; and
fastening means exerting a pressing force on the female sidelap portion of said
interlocked first and second panels for interconnecting and sandwiching together
the plate, the female sidelap portion, and male sidelap portion.
8. The assembly of claim 1, in which the means for increasing sidelap shear capacity
of the assembly comprises:
a backer plate extending under said interlocked first and second panels; and
fastener means extending through said interlocked first and second panels for
interconnecting and sandwiching together said fastener means, said interlocked
first and second panels, and said backer plate.
9. The assembly of claim 1, in which downwardly forming the standing seam to
create an acute angle with respect to the first leg portion increases the frictional
force between said panels to provide the standing seam assembly with sidelap shear capacity.
10. A standing seam roof assembly in which adjacent roof panels are supported
by underlying support structure in overlapping edge relationship to form a standing
seam assembly with a sidelap shear capacity resistant to side slipping when subjected
to applied wind forces, the standing seam roof assembly comprising:
a first roof panel comprising a female sidelap portion which forms a male insertion
cavity and a downwardly angled leg with hook portion adjacent said male insertion cavity;
a second roof panel comprising a male sidelap portion having a tang portion extending
from a fifth leg portion receivingly lockingly disposed in the male insertion cavity,
said downwardly angled leg with hook portion in conjunction with said tang portion
providing a standing seam between said first and second panels formed by pressing
said downwardly angled leg with hook portion into mating contact with said tang
portion and folding said mated leg with hook and tang portions into adjacency with
said fifth leg portion, the female sidelap portion further forming a first leg
portion, said standing seam assembly with the sidelap shear capacity formed by
downwardly forming the standing seam to create an acute angle with respect to the
first leg portion; and
means for increasing the sidelap shear capacity of the standing seam assembly.
11. The standing seam roof assembly of claim 10 wherein the means for increasing
sidelap shear capacity comprises:
a plurality of backer plates disposed against the female sidelap portion and
the male sidelap portion on opposing sides thereof; and
fastening means interconnecting said opposing backer plates and sandwiching the
female sidelap and male sidelap in pressing engagement to increase sidelap shear
capacity of the standing seam to slipping.
12. The standing seam roof assembly of claim 10 wherein the means for increasing
sidelap shear capacity comprises:
a backer plate extending under the roof panels; and
fastener means connecting the backer plate and the roof panel.
13. A standing seam roof assembly with sidelap shear capacity resistant to side
slipping comprising:
a first panel having a female sidelap portion comprising a first leg portion,
a female cavity, and a downwardly angled leg with hook adjacent said female cavity;
a second panel interacting with said female cavity, said second panel comprising
a male sidelap portion having a fifth leg portion with a tang extending therefrom,
said angled leg with hook in combination with said tang providing a standing seam
between said panels formed by pressing said angled leg with hook into mating contact
with said tang and folding said mated leg with hook and tang into adjacency with
said fifth leg portion, the standing seam roof assembly with sidelap shear capacity
formed by downwardly forming the standing seam to create an acute angle with respect
to the first leg portion; and
means for increasing the sidelap shear capacity of the standing seam assembly.
14. The standing seam roof assembly of claim 13 wherein the means for increasing
sidelap shear capacity of the adjacent roof panels comprises:
at least one pair of backer plates disposed on opposing sides of the standing
seam and against the female sidelap portion and the male sidelap portion of the
first and second roof panels; and
fastening means interconnecting the backer plates for sandwiching the female
sidelap and male sidelap in the standing seam to increase the frictional force
there between.
15. The standing seam roof assembly of claim 13 wherein the means for increasing
sidelap shear capacity of the adjacent roof panels comprises:
a cinch plate disposed on one of the first and second roof panels;
a backer plate extending under the first and second roof panels; and
fastener means extending through the supporting roof panel for interconnecting
the cinch plate and the backer plate to sandwich the supporting roof panel to the
backer plate.
16. A roof having adjacently disposed panels supported by underlying support
structure in overlapping edge relationship to form standing seam assemblies each
with a sidelap shear capacity between adjacent roof panels, comprising:
each roof panel comprising a female sidelap portion with a first leg portion,
a male insertion cavity, and a downwardly angled leg with hook adjacent said male
insertion cavity;
each roof panel further comprising a male sidelap portion having a fifth leg
portion with a tang extending therefrom forming a male insertion portion lockingly
engageable in the male insertion cavity of the roof panel adjacent thereto, wherein
the male sidelap portion is inserted into the male insertion cavity, said angled
leg with hook in combination with said tang providing a standing seam between said
panels formed by pressing said angled leg with hook into mating contact with said
tang and folding said mated leg with hook and tang into adjacency with said fifth
leg portion, each standing seam assembly with sidelap shear capacity formed by
downwardly forming the standing seam to create an acute angle with respect to the
first leg portion; and
means for increasing the sidelap shear capacity of the standing seam assembly.
17. The standing seam roof assembly of claim 16 wherein the means for increasing
sidelap shear capacity of each standing seam assembly comprises:
a plurality of backer plates disposed on opposing sides of each standing seam
assembly and against the female sidelap portions and the male sidelap portions
of the panels; and
fastening means connecting pairs of the backer plates for sandwiching the standing
seams to exert friction increasing pressure on the standing seams to resist slipping
thereof when subjected to diaphragm loading.
18. The standing seam roof assembly of claim 16 wherein the means for increasing
sidelap shear capacity of each standing seam assembly comprises:
a cinch plate supported on one of the roof panels between the standing seams;
at least one backer member extending under the panels; and
fastener means extending through the supporting roof panels interconnecting the
cinch plates and the backer plates to sandwich the roof panels between the cinch
plates and the backer plate.
19. A method for forming a standing seam assembly with sidelap shear capacity
by steps comprising:
providing a first roof panel and a second roof panel adjacent the first roof panel;
interlocking a female sidelap portion of the first panel with a male portion
of the second panel, the female sidelap portion having a first leg portion;
forming a downwardly angled leg with hook portion of the female sidelap portion;
jointly forming a fifth leg portion with a tang extending therefrom of the male
sidelap portion;
pressing the downwardly angled leg with hook portion into mating contact with
the tang extending from the fifth leg portion and folding the resulting mated leg
with hook and tang into adjacency with said fifth leg portion to form a standing
seam; and
downwardly forming the standing seam to create an acute angle with respect to
the first leg portion of the female sidelap portion to form the standing seam assembly
with sidelap shear capacity.
20. A combination comprising:
a standing seam assembly with a sidelap shear capacity provided by steps for
forming a standing seam assembly with sidelap shear capacity; and
means for increasing the sidelap shear capacity of the standing seam assembly.
21. An assembly in which adjacent panels in overlapping edge relationship form
a standing seam assembly with a sidelap shear capacity resistant to side slipping
when subjected to applied forces, the assembly comprising:
a first panel having a female sidelap portion comprising a female cavity and
a downwardly angled leg with hook portion adjacent said cavity; and
a second panel interacting with said female cavity, said second panel comprising
a male sidelap portion having a fifth leg portion with a tang extending therefrom,
said angled leg with hook in combination with said tang providing a standing seam
between said panels formed by pressing said angled leg with hook into mating contact
with said tang and folding said mated leg with hook and tang into adjacency with
said fifth leg portion, the standing seam assembly with sidelap shear capacity
formed by downwardly forming the standing seam to create an acute angle with respect
to the first leg portion, in which downwardly forming the standing seam to create
an acute angle with respect to the first leg portion increases the frictional resistance
between said panels to provide the standing seam assembly with sidelap shear capacity,
thereby increasing a diaphragm strength of said assembly.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a roof assembly for a building structure, and
more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to standing seam roof systems.
BACKGROUND
Numerous types of roof assemblies have previously been proposed for pre-engineered
buildings in efforts to provide a watertight roof assembly, while also enabling
the roof assembly to expand and contract as changes in temperature are encountered.
Typical of such prior art roof assemblies of considerable success in recent years
is the standing seam roof assembly.
The panel members of the standing seam roof assembly are joined along lapped
together side edges forming the standing seams. The panel members are secured to
secondary structural members by either clips or through fasteners. The clips used
to attach to the standing seam can be of two types: floating (one or two piece
moveable); or fixed (one piece with no movement allowed between the panel and the
supporting structure). Through fasteners penetrate the panels and attach the panels
to underlying support structure to substantially lock the panels and support structure
together so that differential movement is restricted. Roofs may be classified as
shed roofs and low slope gasket roofs. Shed roofs are roofs that shed water because
gravity pulls the water down and away from panel joints more effectively than wind
or capillary action propel water thought the joint. Shed roofs generally occur
over slopes of three to twelve or greater. Low slope gasket roofs, on the other
hand, provide roof joints that are made watertight by placing gasket material between
the panel joints and securing the gasket material in place by, for example, encapsulating
or exerting pressure on the gasket material. Generally, low slope gasket roofs
have a one to twelve or less slope.
Heretofore, field seamed gasket joints used on large roofs have generally
been limited to using two-piece clips wherein movement between the roof and its
underlying structure occurred within the clip. The reason for this is that, in
the past, the line of sealant serving as the gasket and the top hook portion of
the clip intersected, and if the clip hook moved in relation to the panel which
held the sealant, the relative movement deformed and destroyed the gasket seal.
One piece clips have been used freely in small and shed roofs where gasket sealing
was not required.
Standing seam metal roof panels exhibit considerable diaphragm strength
and it is desirable to use this strength by interconnecting the panels side to
side so adjacent panels do not slide relative to each other and to connect the
roof to the support frame to help stabilize the support frame, rather than to brace
and stabilize the support frame by other means. Past practices have been to stabilize
the support frame by means of separate bracing, and on gasket roofs, to use a suitable
two-piece floating(moveable) clip to allow the brace and frame to remain fixed
and for the panel to move in relation to the frame when subjected to temperature
changes or other forces. Alternatively, the length of the panel run was limited
to no more than about 40 feet so that the expansion and contraction of the panel
does not damage the connection to the underlying support structure.
The desirable result of eliminating detrimental differential movement between
the panel and support structure on large roofs can also be achieved by construction
of the underlying support to move slightly to accommodate the expansion and contraction
of the roof due to temperature changes or other forces. One such means of construction
is exemplified by the Flex Frame™ support system produced by ReRoof America,
Inc., Tulsa, Okla.
The interconnected panel members of the standing seam roof lend stiffness and
strength to a flexible roof structure while allowing the roof structure to expand
and contract as a function of the coefficient of expansion of the panel material
and the temperature cycles of the roof panels.
If floating clips or flexible framing are not used, the repeated action of expansion
and contraction of the panel member tends to weaken the panel-to-panel lap joints
and the panel to framing connection, causing separation, structural failure and
roof leakage. Leaks are generally caused by the weakening of the fastening members
and working or kneading of the sealant disposed at the joints. Thus, prior art
sealants for such roof assemblies have required the qualities of adhesion, flexibility
and water repellence. Further, in many instances the pressure on the sealant can
vary greatly throughout the length of the sidelap and end lap joints of the panels,
resulting in uneven distribution and voids in the joint sealant.
Many of the problems encountered with prior art standing seam roofs, such as
structural failures and leaks, are overcome by the standing seam floating roof
assembly taught by U.S. Pat. No. 5,737,894 issued to Harold G. Simpson. The standing
seam floating roof assembly is formed of elongated metal panels, each of which
is provided with a female member formed along one longitudinal edge and a male
member formed along the opposed longitudinal edge. Adjacently disposed panels are
joined by interlocking female and male members to form the standing seam joint.
Clips interconnect the standing seam joints and the supporting structure, with
the upper portions of the clips hooking over the male members of the panels. Most
such clips are of the sliding type which permit the hooking portions to move relative
to supporting base portions connected to the supporting structure, while relative
motion between the clip hooks and the metal panels is substantially prevented.
A sealant material is disposed to form a moisture dam in the interlocking joints
of the female and male members.
In addition to the use of standing seam roof assemblies on newly constructed
pre-engineered
buildings, standing seam roof assemblies are also finding increased usage in another
segment of the roofing industry, that of built up roof replacement. Generally,
a built-up roof is formed of a plurality of sections which are interconnected and
over coated with asphaltic composition to provide a watertight seal. While such
roofs have generally served successfully, problems have been encountered as built-up
roofs age, when the buildings settle and when construction errors have resulted
in standing water pockets. Standing water usually results in deterioration of the
roof, resulting in leaks and other problems.
A need has long been recognized for replacing a roof without making substantial
modifications to the existing roof. In addition to being economical fabrication
and on-site construction, it is highly desirable that the new roof assembly be
capable of providing a new roof surface independent of the variations in the surface
of the preexisting roof. Past repair methods, especially those capable of altering
the roof slope to improve drainage, are excessively time consuming and require
substantial destruction of the original roof and extensive custom construction,
thus exposing the building and its contents to damage by the elements during the
reroofing process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a standing seam roof assembly in which adjacently
disposed roof panels are supported by an underlying support structure in overlapping
edge relationship. The roof panels are connected along the overlapping edges that
form standing seams, the roof panels female sidelap portions having male insertion
cavities along one of the edges and male sidelap portions along the opposite edges
that are lockingly engaged the female cavities, thereby forming the standing seams.
The sidelap shear capacity of the roof panels is increased in one embodiment
by backer plates disposed in pairs on opposing sides of the standing seams and
fastened together to sandwich together the female and male sidelap portions so
the standing seams have increased resistance to side slipping under wind uplift.
In another embodiment, cinch plates are supported on the roof panels between
the
standing seams and connected to underlying backer members.
The features, benefits and advantages of the present invention will become apparent
from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the drawings
and appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an isometric, partial cut-away view of a portion of a roof system
utilizing the standing seam roof assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an isometric, partial cut-away view of a portion of a re-roof system
20 utilizing the standing seam roof assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an end view of the profile of a roof panel member which can be utilized
in the roof system of FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 is an end view of the profile of an alternative roof panel member which
can be utilized in the roof system of FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 5 is an end view of the profile of a portion of the male sidelap portion
interlocked with a portion of the female sidelap portion of the roof panel members
of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is an elevational view of the standing seam assembly between adjacent
panels in the final formed configuration.
FIG. 7 is an elevational view of a portion of the standing seam assembly of
FIG. 6, showing an alternative configuration of the male sidelap portion and the
retaining clip.
FIG. 8 is an elevational view of an alternative preferred embodiment of the
standing seam assembly of FIG. 6.
FIG. 9 is an elevational view of an alternative preferred embodiment of the
standing seam assembly of FIG. 6.
FIG. 10 is an elevational view of an alternative standing seam assembly between
adjacent panels in the final formed configuration to resist in plane shear movement.
FIG. 11 is an elevational view of an alternative preferred embodiment of the
standing seam assembly of FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a detail view of a portion of the standing seam assembly of FIG. 11.
FIG. 13 an elevational view of an alternative standing seam assembly between
adjacent panels in the final formed configuration.
FIG. 14 is an elevational view of an alternate standing seam assembly of FIG.
6 before the field seaming operation is performed.
FIG. 15 is an end view of a portion of the standing seam assembly of FIG. 6,
showing a scalloping condition as a result of not pre-crimping the hook portion
of the female sidelap portion.
FIG. 16 is an end view of a portion of the standing seam assembly of FIG. 6,
showing the scalloping condition of FIG. 15.
FIG. 17 is an elevational view of a standing seam assembly of FIG. 6 after field
forming and attachment to the underlying roof structure.
FIG. 18 is an elevational view of the standing seam assembly of FIG. 8 and FIG.
9 before the field seaming operation is performed.
FIG. 19 is an elevational view of the standing seam assembly of FIG. 10 before
the field seaming operation is performed. FIG. 19A is an enlarged portion of the
standing seam assembly of FIG. 19.
FIG. 20 is an elevational view of an alternative embodiment of the seam of FIG.
10 before the field seaming operation is performed.
FIG. 21 is an elevational view of a portion of the female sidelap portion showing
an alternative embodiment of the standing seam assembly of FIG. 19 wherein the
female sidelap portion and the male sidelap portions are staked together to prevent
sliding of one panel relative to the other.
FIG. 22 is an end view of the staking operation of FIG. 21.
FIG. 23 is an elevational view of an alternative preferred embodiment of the
standing seam assembly of FIG. 10.
FIG. 24 is a detail view of a portion of the standing seam assembly of FIG. 23.
FIG. 25 is an elevational view of the standing seam assembly of FIG. 13 prior
to the field seaming operation.
FIG. 26 is an elevational view of the standing seam assembly of FIG. 13 at an
intermediate configuration during the field seaming operation.
FIG. 27 is an isometric view of a two-piece roof clip assembly.
FIG. 28 is an end view of the hold down clip portion of the two-piece clip assembly
of FIG. 27.
FIG. 29 is an end view of the two-piece roof clip assembly of FIG. 27.
FIG. 30 is an elevational view of the roof system of the present invention,
employing the roof members of FIG. 4 attached to the underlying roof structure
by the two-piece roof clip of FIG. 27.
FIG. 31 is a diagrammatic view of a conventional seaming machine.
FIG. 32 is a side view of the seaming machine of FIG. 31 with a precrimping
attachment constructed in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 33 is an elevational view of one of the roller sets of the seaming machine
of FIG. 31 in seaming engagement with a standing seam assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 34 is an isometric view of a pre-crimping assembly attachment for use with
the seaming machine of FIG. 31.
FIG. 35 is an elevational view of the pre-crimping assembly of FIG. 34 for use
on the standing seam assembly of FIG. 3, the pre-crimping assembly shown in an
open mode.
FIG. 36 is an elevational view of the pre-crimping assembly of FIG. 34 for use
on the standing seam assembly of FIG. 3, the pre-crimping assembly shown in a closed mode.
FIG. 37 is an elevational view of a pre-crimping assembly for use on the standing
seam assembly of FIG. 4, the pre-crimping assembly shown in a closed mode.
FIG. 38 is an exploded view of the crimping roller assembly of the pre-crimping
assembly of FIG. 37.
FIG. 39 is a diagrammatical representation showing one seamed configuration
of adjacent roof panels of the present invention resisting when subjected to load.
FIG. 40 is a diagrammatical representation showing one other seamed configuration
of adjacent roof panels of the present invention resisting in plane shear movement
when subjected to load.
FIG. 41 is an elevational view of the standing seam assembly of FIG. 40.
FIG. 42 is an isometric view of a standing seam roof assembly having a cinch
plate and backer beam attached together at the endlap portion of the roof members
to increase the diaphragm strength of the roof assembly.
FIG. 43 is an end view of the standing seam roof assembly of FIG. 42.
FIG. 44 is an end view of a standing seam assembly having a serrated plate seamed
between the male sidelap portion and the female sidelap portion to increase the
diaphragm strength of the standing seam roof assembly.
FIG. 45 is an elevational view of the standing seam assembly of FIG. 8 illustrating
the standing seam assembly subjected to applied load forces.
FIG. 46 is an elevational view of the standing seam assembly of FIG. 13 illustrating
the standing seam assembly subjected to applied load forces.
FIG. 47 is an end view of yet another alternative standing seam with a clip
tab between the male and female corrugation with a fastener inserted through the
male and female seam.
FIG. 48 is an end view of the standing seam of FIG. 47 after the corrugation
has been seamed to tighten the seam and hide and protect the fastener.
FIG. 49 is an end view of an alternative standing seam with a fastener.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to the drawings generally, and more particularly to FIG. 1, shown
therein is a pre-engineered building roof
10 as supported by a pre-engineered
building structure
12. The pre-engineered structure
12 comprises
a primary structural system
14 which consists of a plurality of upwardly
extending column members
16 that are rigidly connected to a foundation (not
shown). Also, the primary structural system
14 has a plurality of generally
sloping primary beams
18 which are supported by the column members
16.
A secondary structural system
20 comprises a plurality of open web beams
22, also called bar joists, supported by the primary beams
18 generally
in horizontal disposition. It will be understood that cee or zee purlins, or wood
beams, can be used as the secondary structurals in lieu of the bar joists
22
in the practice of the present invention.
A plurality of roof panels
24 are supported over the secondary structural
assembly
20 by a plurality of panel support assemblies
26 and are
attached to the upper flanges of the bar joists
22. The roof panels
24,
only portions of which are shown, are depicted as being standing seam panels with
interlocking standing seams
25 connected by clip portions of the panel support
assemblies
26.
The present invention can as well be supported above an existing roof in a re-roof
installation. FIG. 2 shows a portion of a roof system
10A supported by
a preexisting roof
28 of a building structure
30 and a plurality
of wall members
32. The preexisting roof
28 can be any preexisting
roof structure such as a built-up roof connected to and supported by conventional
primary and secondary support elements.
Whether in a new roof as depicted in FIG. 1, or in a reroof as depicted in
FIG. 2, the roof panels
24 are secured at the interlocking side lap joints
and at the end overlap of contiguous panels. Fastener penetration of the roof panels
24, except at the end overlaps and roof perimeters, is avoided to minimize
leakage points. To achieve water tightness at points of attachment to underlying
structure, the roof panels
24 must be permitted to expand and contract in
relation to the underlying structure, or the roof panels
24 and the underlying
structure must be permitted to move in unison without unduly straining or fracturing
the panels. This may be accomplished by limiting the length of the roof panels
24 or by utilizing support structures sufficiently flexible to allow the
attachment means to move with the expansion and contraction of the panels. The
flexibility of the support structural must be greater for longer panel runs because,
other factors being equal, the expansion and contraction of the panels will be greater.
Past practice has been to attach the center and sidelap joints with either penetrating
or non-penetrating fasteners. For non-penetrating clips, it has been common to
use either a fixed or sliding clip with a minimum length contact surface between
the hold-down portion of the clip and the top of the male leg of the seam. The
length of the clip has been held to a minimum, resulting in stress concentrations
in the panel at the point of attachment, leading to severe distortion in the panel
joints as the panels are subjected to wind uplift.
In prior art standing seams, the standing seam clip bears only on the male seam
portion of the panel inserted into the adjacent female seam portion. The female
seam portion is not retained directly by the clip, and as a result, the load from
the female seam portion must pass through the male seam portion and into the clip
where the load can, in turn, pass to the secondary structural. This action tends
to "unravel" or "unzip" the panel joint and allow distortions over the short section
retained by the clip. This has resulted in premature panel failure when the panels
incur wind uplift.
A roof panel is usually attached to underlying supporting structure in a manner
that causes the panel to act as a three or four span continuous beam. This arrangement
substantially reduces the maximum moment occurring at any one point compared to
the moment that would occur in a simple beam, other factors being equal. However,
this can cause a negative moment to occur at the attachment point. This negative
moment peaks and drops off very quickly as the panel section moves from the center
line of the attaching clip towards the point of inflection (P.I.), the P.I. being
that point where the moment in the panel changes from positive to negative.
Past center hold-down practice has been to coordinate usage of floating clips
with eave and ridge hold-down practice so that if floating clips were used to attach
the center of the panel to the underlying structural, then fixed clips were used
to attach the eave or ridge portions of the panel to the underlying structural;
and conversely, if the panel edge attachment consisted of a floating, (two-piece,
moveable) non-penetrating attachment means, such as a clip, then the center hold-down
was a fixed attachment. However, past non-penetrating floating hold-down devices
heretofore have largely been complex and expensive.
The effectiveness of non-penetrating center hold-down devices is influenced by
the number and height of corrugations formed in the panel, and by the width, thickness
and strength of the metal laterally separating the corrugations. The configuration
and number of panel corrugations in turn has a direct impact on the efficiency
of material utilization, which is a primary cost factor. Conventional standing
seam roofs may only achieve a flat-width-to-coverage ration as low as 1.25:1 where
through fasteners exist only at panel end laps and do not occur at the panel centers.
On the other hand, non-standing seam panels with penetrating center hold-down fasteners
are commonly 36 inches wide and may achieve flat-width-to-coverage ratios as low
as 1.17:1 As shown in FIG. 3, the roof panel
24 has a substantially flat
pan profile between a female sidelap portion
34 and a male sidelap portion
36. The medial portion of the roof panel
24 can have a number of
corrugations
38 of a selected height for the purpose of stiffening the panel.
FIG. 4 shows an alternative roof panel
24A having trapezoidal sidelap portions
34A,
36A to improve the panel material utilization in relation to
roof coverage. That is, all else being equal, the roof panel
24 of FIG.
3 requires a wider metal blank sheet than does the roof panel
24A of FIG. 4.
Adjacent roof panels
24 are interlocked with the female sidelap portion
34 wrapped around the male sidelap portion
36, as shown in FIG. 5.
It will be noted that the outwardly angled leg
40 is provided with a hook
42 at a distal end thereof for sliding engagement past a tang portion
44
of the male sidelap portion
36 as the two adjacent roof panels
24
are joined. In this manner, the panel profile of the present invention provides
for an ease initially assembling and interlocking the male sidelap portion
36
with the female sidelap portion
34; that is, the female sidelap portion
34 can be dropped vertically onto the male sidelap portion
36. This
provides a superior method of joining panels in comparison to the well known method
of "roll-to-lock" wherein one panel must be rotated upwardly in order to interlock
and then rotated downwardly into a final position.
It will be further noted that FIG. 5 shows the interlocked adjacent roof panels
24 in an unseamed condition; that is, mechanical seaming may be used to
provide the final relationship between the male sidelap portion
36 and the
female sidelap portion
34. In other words, to form a standing seam by pressing
said leg
40 with hook
42 into mating contact with the tang
44,
and folding the mated said leg
40 with hook
42 and tang
44
into adjacency with a fifth leg portion
68 of the male sidelap portion
36
of FIG. 6. An attachment clip can also be gripped between the male sidelap portion
36 and the female sidelap portion
34 for attachment to the underlying
roof structure as will be discussed below.
Turning to FIG. 6, shown therein is the standing seam
25A, identical
to the standing seam, described hereinabove, except that a roof clip
46
is sandwiched between the female sidelap portion
34 and the male sidelap
portion
36, after which the standing seam
25A has been field formed
by a seaming operation. The female sidelap portion
34 has a first leg portion
48, a first radiused portion
50, a second leg portion
52,
a second radiused portion
54 and a third leg portion
56 which together
form a first female cavity
58 and a second female cavity
59 (also
sometimes herein referred to as the first and second male insertion cavities),
for receiving the male sidelap portion
36. A retaining groove
60
is disposed at a distal end of the third leg portion
56, and an extended
leg portion
62 extends from the third leg portion
56 to the retaining
groove
60.
The male sidelap portion
36 has a fourth leg portion
64, a third
radiused portion
66, the fifth leg portion
68, a fourth radiused
portion
70 and a sixth leg portion
72, also referred to as the tang
member
72, disposed in the female cavity
58. The radiused portion
70 is disposed in the second female cavity
59, and a distal end of
the tang member
72 is disposed in the retaining groove
60.
The roof clip
46 is sandwiched between the female sidelap portion
34
and the male sidelap portion
36, having a radiused portion
74 that
lockingly engages the fourth radiused portion
70 of the male sidelap portion
36 in the second female cavity
59, the roof clip
46 thereby
attaching the male sidelap portion
36 to the underlying building structural
system. The retaining groove
60 and the extended leg portion
62 of
the female sidelap portion
34 lockingly engage the roof clip
46 which
is retained thereby on the underlying building structural system. A mastic material
76 is disposed in the retaining groove
60 to sealingly engage the
roof clip
46 and the tang member
72, thereby providing a watertight
seal of the standing seam
25A.
In the installed mode of the standing seam
25A after field seaming, as
depicted in FIG. 6, the standing seam
25A has a triple lock integrity. That
is, the standing seam
25A formed by the interlocking engagement of the female
and male sidelap portions
34,
36 is secured by the radiused portion
66 in the radiused portion
50; the radiused portion
70 in
the radiused portion
54; and the locking tang
72 in the retaining
groove
60. In addition to the aforementioned locking engagements of the
standing seam
25A, the tang member
72 acts as a locking tab that
engages the retaining groove
60 to resist unfurling or unzipping by uplift
forces. As the panels forming the standing seam
25A are subjected to uplift
forces, pivoting disengagement is attempted by the separation of these members,
and as this occurs, the tang member
72 and retaining groove
60 permit
some upward flexing of the adjacent roof panels
24 while maintaining the
latching integrity of the sidelap portions
34,
36 and closure of
the standing assembly
25A.
FIG. 7 shows a portion of an alteration to the standing seam
25A of FIG.
6, wherein the retaining groove
60 contains a mastic
76 but only
the tang member
72A sealingly engages the mastic
76. The tang member
72A forms a shoulder
78 which pressingly engages an opposing shoulder
80 formed at the proximal end of the roof clip
46A. In this manner
the roof clip
46A abuttingly engages the male sidelap portion
36A
to provide a positive support thereof. The positive engagement of the roof clip
46A against the tang member
72A permits the standing seam assembly
25A to not require field seaming; that is, the retaining groove
60A
can be preformed and the male sidelap portion
36A and the roof clip
46A
simply formed together and placed into the retaining groove
60A. Such an
assembly simplifies installation by reducing the field seaming operation to one
simple bend of the assembly at radii
54,
70, and
74.
Another advantage is provided in that the roof-clip
46A does not engage
the mastic
76, thereby allowing the roof clip
46A to float without
disrupting the seal achieved by the mastic
76. The advantage of not sealingly
engaging the roof clip
46A with the mastic
76 will become more apparent
in the discussion of a two-piece roof clip
46 below.
FIG. 8 shows another embodiment with a standing seam
25B in which, like
the standing seam
25A of FIG. 6, second leg portion
52B is substantially
perpendicular to first leg portion
48B. Here, however, roof clip
46B
has a retaining groove
82 which receives tang member
72B of male
sidelap portion
36B, and wherein the retaining groove
82 is disposed
in retaining groove
60B of female sidelap portion
34B. It will be
noted that the mastic
76 is located at the ends of the female sidelap portion
34B and the roof clip
46B, as well as within the retaining groove
60B.
FIG. 9 shows another embodiment with a standing seam
25C wherein the
standing seam
25B of FIG. 8 has been rotated or formed downwardly in the
seaming operation to create an acute angle with respect to first leg portion
48C.
This seam provides a tighter, stronger and more watertight seam because the over-bending
requires a longer arc length for first radiused portion
50C which tends
to draw retaining groove
60C more tightly against tang member
72C,
as well as drawing radius portion
54C more tightly against radius portion
74C; that is more tightly than the retention groove
60B of FIG. 8
is drawn against tang member
72B of FIG. 8, and more tightly than radius
portion
54 of FIG. 6 is drawn against radius portion
74 of FIG. 6.
Drawing the retention groove
60C more tightly against tang member
72C,
and radius portion
54C more tightly against radius portion
74C promotes
a sidelap shear capacity for the standing seam
25C through increased frictional
forces developed between the interacting members.
FIG. 9 further shows the roof clip
46C lies in pressing contact adjacent
a first side of the tang member
72C, encloses the distal end of the tang
member
72C, loops back on and pressingly engages a second side the tang
member
72C to enclose substantially all of the tang member
72C. Whereas,
the roof clip
46 of FIG. 6 pressingly engages only one side of the tang
member
72 of FIG. 6. By enclosing substantially all of the tang member
72C
in pressing engagement with the roof clip
46C, the surface area contact
and frictional forces between the roof clip
46C and the tang member
72C
is increased, and the sidelap shear capacity, imparted in the standing seam
25C
through downwardly forming the standing seam
25B of FIG. 8, is increased
through the resulting increased frictional force. That is, by enclosing a substantial
part of the tang member
72C within the roof clip
46C, the sidelap
shear capacity of the standing seam
25C is increased relative to a sidelap
shear capacity attainable by downwardly forming the standing seam
25A of
FIG. 6 to create an acute angle with respect to the first leg portion
48
of FIG. 6.
FIG. 10 is yet another embodiment with a standing seam
25D wherein roof
clip
46D grips male sidelap portion
36D at a radiused portion
82
when the panel is subjected to uplift or diaphragm (shear loads in the plane at
the roof between panels) loads. This separates the support of the roof clip
46D
from the seamed portion so that the clip is not inserted in the sealingly engaged
ends of female sidelap portion
34D and male sidelap portion
36D.
The roof clip
46D can be provided a number of serrated teeth
84 to
improve the gripping action on both the male sidelap portion
36D and female
sidelap portion
34D to increase resistance to in plane panel sidelap shear
or relative movement between adjacent panels.
The clip
46D provides several advantages. It is simple to manufacture,
can be made from heavy stiff material and provides diaphragm strength between panels.
FIG. 11 shows
