Substituted 5-aryl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole UV absorbers, compositions stabilized therewith and process for preparation thereof Number:6,774,238 from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) owispatent Compounds of formula I or II ##STR1##where R is an aryl moiety, such as phenyl, naphthyl or biphenylyl, or is phenyl substituted by one or more trifluoromethyl, bromo or cyano, and E.sub.1 and E.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl and the like are prepared by reaction of a benzotriazole substituted on the 5-position of the benzo ring by a halogen atom with a arylboronic acid or ester in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, such as palladium(II) diacetate. The benzotriazole compounds of formula I are particularly efficacious as stabilizers for automotive coatings and candle wax.<H benzotriazole, hydroxyphenyl, Substituted, 5, a, 6774238.html, Patent, pto, 6774238

Title: Substituted 5-aryl-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole UV absorbers, compositions stabilized therewith and process for preparation thereof

Abstract: Compounds of formula I or II ##STR1##where R is an aryl moiety, such as phenyl, naphthyl or biphenylyl, or is phenyl substituted by one or more trifluoromethyl, bromo or cyano, and E.sub.1 and E.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl and the like are prepared by reaction of a benzotriazole substituted on the 5-position of the benzo ring by a halogen atom with a arylboronic acid or ester in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, such as palladium(II) diacetate. The benzotriazole compounds of formula I are particularly efficacious as stabilizers for automotive coatings and candle wax.

Patent Number: 6,774,238 Issued on 08/10/2004 to Pastor, et al.

Inventors: Pastor; Stephen D. (Danbury, CT), Naughton; Andrew B. (Mobile, AL), Detlefsen; Robert (Putnam Valley, NY), Wood; Mervin G. (Poughquag, NY), Suhadolnik; Joseph (Yorktown Heights, NY), DeBellis; Anthony (Stony Point, NY), DeHessa; Deborah (Poughkeepsie, NY)
Assignee: Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation (Tarrytown, NY)

Appl. No.: 10/602,094

Filed: April 17, 2003

Related U.S. Patent Documents


Application Number	Filing Date	Patent Number	Issue Date
722876	Nov., 2000	6649770

Current U.S. Class: 548/260

Current International Class: C07D 405/00 (20060101); C07D 403/04 (20060101); C07D 401/04 (20060101); C07D 401/00 (20060101); C07D 403/00 (20060101); C07D 405/04 (20060101); C07D 249/00 (20060101); C07D 249/20 (20060101); C07D 409/04 (20060101); C07D 409/14 (20060101); C07D 409/00 (20060101)

Field of Search: 548/260

References Cited [Referenced By]

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Foreign Patent Documents


363820	Oct., 1989	EP
980886	Jan., 1965	GB
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593164	Apr., 1993	JP
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Other References

J L. Gerlock et al., Proc. 36.sup.th Annual Tech. Sym., May 18, 1993.* .
A. Suzuki, Pure & Applied Chem., vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 213-222 (1994).* .
B. E. Huff et al., Organic Synthesis, vol. 75, pp. 53-60 (1998).* .
J. P. Wolfe et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., (1999), vol. 121, pp. 9550-9561. .
Derwent Abstr. 1996-299547 for JP 11500579. .
Chemical Abstract 131:199658x for Z. Wang et al., Huadong Ligong Daxue Xuebao, vol. 25, No. 2, (1999) pp. 167-169..

Primary Examiner: Morris; Patricia L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Stevenson; Tyler A.

Parent Case Text

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/722,876, filed Nov. 27, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,649,770.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula I ##STR7## by the reaction of an arylboronic acid or ester of formula III

where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together are alkylene of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; with a 5-substituted benzotriazole of formula V ##STR8##

where X is chloro, bromo or iodo, or tosylate, in the presence of an effective amount of a palladium(II) catalyst at a temperature between 10 to 100.degree. C., and where R is phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl, 9-phenanthryl or said phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl or 9-phenanthryl substituted by one to three alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 S--, R.sub.3 SO--, R.sub.3 SO.sub.2, aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, halogen, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl of 2 to 19 carbon atoms, hydroxyl, alkoxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aryloxy of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, aralkoxy of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, vinyl, acetyl, acetamido, amino, dialkylamino of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, formyl, thioalkoxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, hydroxymethyl, aminomethyl, halomethyl, sulfato, phosphato or where any two substituents form a benzo ring with the aryl moiety to which they are attached, R.sub.3 is alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms or aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, E.sub.1 is hydrogen, straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by 1 to 4 alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, E.sub.2 is straight or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by 1 to 3 alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or E.sub.2 is alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by one or more --OH, --OCOE.sub.3, --NH.sub.2, --NHCOE.sub.3 or --COOE.sub.3, or mixtures thereof; or said alkyl or said alkenyl interrupted by one or more --O-- which can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more --OH groups; where E.sub.3 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where said alkyl is interrupted by one or more --O-- and which can be substituted by one or more --OH or --OR.sub.21 groups where R.sub.21 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and with the proviso that when E.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl, R is not phenyl.

2. A process according to claim 1 wherein X is bromo.

3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature between 50 to 95.degree. C.

4. A process according to claim 1 wherein the amount of palladium(II) catalyst is 0.01 to 10 mol percent.

5. A process according to claim 1 wherein additionally a ligand is present.

6. A process according to claim 5 wherein the ligand is triphenylphosphine, 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)biphenyl, 1,1'-bis[2,4,8, 1 0-tetrakis(tert-butyl)-dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin-6-yl]-ferrocene, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite or 2,2',2"-nitrilo[triethyl-tris(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2 '-diyl)phosphite].

7. A process according to claim 6 wherein the ligand is triphenylphosphine.

8. A process according to claim 1 wherein the process is an anhydrous process with dioxane as solvent and potassium fluoride as a base.

9. A process according to claim 1 wherein the process is carried out using n-propanol or isopropanol as solvent with a small amount of water present and aqueous sodium carbonate as base.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The instant invention pertains to novel 5-aryl substituted benzotriazole UV absorbers, to a novel process for their preparation and to compositions stabilized by said benzotriazoles.

The benzotriazoles have long been an important class of UV absorbers and have gained wide commercial importance and acceptance for many industrial applications. The prior art is replete with references to their manufacture and utility. However, as requirements become ever more stringent and demanding, the search for still more stable and durable benzotriazoles continues. The gradual phase out of HAPS solvents, such as xylene, because of environmental concerns and their replacement with non-HAPS solvents, such as esters, ethers or ketones, and increased durability requirements for automotive coatings make this search more urgent. Indeed, the automotive industry is most concerned about UVA losses from automotive paints and coatings as seen in the publication by J. L. Gerlock et al., Proc. 36th Annual Tech. Sym. (Cleveland Coating Society), May 18, 1993.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,226,763; 4,278,589; 4,315,848; 4,275,004; 4,347,180; 5,554,760; 5,563,242; 5,574,166 and 5,607,987 describe selected benzotriazoles, substituted in the 3-position of the hydroxyphenyl ring by an .alpha.-cumyl group, which show very good durability in automotive coatings. These benzotriazoles represent the present state of the art. The instant invention is directed at preparing benzotriazoles which exhibit still better durability and low loss rates from the prior art benzotriazoles.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,278,314; 5,280,124; 5,436,349 and 5,516,914 describe red-shifted benzotriazoles. These benzotriazoles are substituted in the 3-position of the phenyl ring with an .alpha.-cumyl group and at the 5-position of the benzo ring by thio ethers, alkylsulfonyl or phenylsulfonyl moieties. Red-shifting the benzotriazoles is desirable for spectral reasons. A group at the 5-position which is also electron withdrawing provides additional benefits in low loss rates and durability as found in the instant invention. Missing from these patents are any alkylsulfones with seven or fewer carbon atoms. When such sulfonyl substituents are combined with specifically .alpha.-cumyl moieties, extremely durable compounds result which, due to the bulk of the .alpha.-cumyl moiety have sufficiently low volatility to be useful in coating and other polymer systems.

The presence of an .alpha.-cumyl or phenyl group ortho to the hydroxy group on the phenyl ring exerts a surprisingly large positive effect on benzotriazole photostability in coatings and photographic gel systems. The magnitude of this effect, particularly when compared to a tert-butyl group in that position, is well beyond prediction. The combination of both an electron withdrawing group on the benzo ring and an .alpha.-cumyl or phenyl group on the phenyl ring in the same molecule leads to extremely desirable properties in coating systems when high UV absorber permanence is critical.

Novel compounds meeting these parameters as being extremely stable in aggressive use environments constitute a first portion of this invention.

The presence of the electron withdrawing moiety at the 5-position of the benzo ring has a powerful stabilizing effect on benzotriazoles in general and is observed in other polymer systems such as polycarbonate and poly(vinyl chloride) substrates as well. However, the effect of having an .alpha.-cumyl or phenyl group ortho to the hydroxy moiety on the phenyl ring is much smaller to non-existent in some polymer systems such as polycarbonate or poly(vinyl chloride) even though critical for coating systems as described above.

In addition to being more photostable, the compounds of this invention are red-shifted, absorbing strongly in the 350-400 nm wavelength range. While such red-shifting is desirable in that a greater portion of the UV spectrum is absorbed, this can also introduce color if the absorption beyond 400 nm is significant. This can limit the use of such compounds, particularly in systems such as polycarbonate glazing applications or present difficulties in various pigmented systems.

It is found that the nature of the substituent ortho to the hydroxyl group on the phenyl ring has an unexpected impact on color imparted to the substrate by the benzotriazole. Thus, relatively subtle differences in substitution on the phenyl ring can have a large impact on the resulting color and the applicability of the benzotriazole in specific color sensitive applications. There are striking differences between having hydrogen, alkyl or .alpha.-cumyl at this 3-position.

Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 5,977,219 teaches that, when the 5-position of the benzo ring is substituted with a trifluoromethyl group, the resulting benzotriazole not only exhibits the same or greater enhanced stability when incorporated into thermoplastic resins, but also imparts less color than related benzotriazoles substituted at the 5-position with other electron withdrawing moieties such as sulfonyl or carbonyl. These trifluoromethyl compounds also absorb strongly in the 350-400 nm wavelength range despite the low color and are extremely compatible in a wide range of substrates such as acrylic resins, hydrocarbons, polycarbonates and poly(vinyl chloride).

There are a multitude of general references to benzotriazoles having in the 5-position of the benzo ring electron withdrawing groups such as esters, amides, sulfones and the like that are not substituted in the 3-position of the phenyl ring by an .alpha.-cumyl or phenyl moiety. In many of these references the broadly described compounds are unexemplified and no teaching or appreciation taught of the positive effect on photostability described in this invention. In any event, the vast majority of these structures fall well outside the scope of instant invention.

Japanese 1996-299547 discloses the use of heterocyclic compounds as non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium batteries. These heterocyclic compounds included benzotriazoles substituted on the benzo ring by hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, amino, hydroxyl, 2-pyridyl or phenyl; and substituted on the hydroxyphenyl ring by at the 5-position by a methyl group and at the 3-position by hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, amino, hydroxyl, 2-pyridyl or phenyl.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,396,712 describes generically benzotriazole compounds which are substituted at the 5-position of the benzo ring by phenyl as light stabilizers for photothermographic film. The only compound disclosed specifically is 5-phenyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole. The benzotriazole UV absorbers provide improved storage stability by stabilizing the silver salts (oxidizing agents) in these dry image forming materials. Only selected low molecular weight benzotriazoles are suitable since the benzotriazole must be compatible with other components of the image forming materials.

A. Suzuki, Pure & Applied Chem., 66, No. 2, 213 (1994) describes a new synthetic method involving the reaction of sterically hindered aryl boronic acids or esters with sterically hindered haloarenes in the presence of palladium(II) catalysts. This reaction has become known as the Suzuki reaction.

B. E. Huff et al., Organic Synthesis, 75, 53 (1998) describe the synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls using a modified Suzuki cross-coupling to form 4-biphenylcarbox-aldehyde.

J. P. Wolfe, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1999, 121, 9550 describe the use of highly active palladium catalysts for Suzuki coupling reactions.

WO 00/22037 describes the stabilization of solid, shaped and colored wax articles using a malonate UV absorber which may be substituted by a hindered amine group.

Japanese Hei 5-93164 discloses the use of benzotriazole UV absorbers and hindered amines in stabilizing pigmented wax crayons.

Copending U.S. patent applications Ser. Nos. 09/496,084; 09/495,495 and 09/495,496 all describe the stabilization of candle wax using other types of benzotriazole UV absorbers.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The instant invention pertains to compounds of formula I or II ##STR2##

wherein

R is phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl, 9-phenanthryl or said phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl or 9-phenanthryl substituted by one to three alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 S--, R.sub.3 SO--, R.sub.3 SO.sub.2, aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, halogen, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl of 2 to 19 carbon atoms, hydroxyl, alkoxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aryloxy of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, aralkoxy of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, vinyl, acetyl, acetamido, amino, dialkylamino of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, formyl, thioalkoxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, hydroxymethyl, amino-methyl, halomethyl, sulfato, phosphato or where any two substituents form a benzo ring with the aryl moiety to which they are attached,

T is a direct bond, 1,4-phenylene or said phenylene substituted by one or two alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

R.sub.3 is alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms or aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

E.sub.1 is hydrogen, straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by 1 to 4 alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

E.sub.2 is straight or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by 1 to 3 alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or E.sub.2 is alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by one or more --OH, --OCOE.sub.3, --NH.sub.2, --NHCOE.sub.3 or --COOE.sub.3, or mixtures thereof; or said alkyl or said alkenyl interrupted by one or more --O-- which can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more --OH groups; where E.sub.3 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where said alkyl is interrupted by one or more --O-- and which can be substituted by one or more --OH or --OR.sub.21 groups where R.sub.21 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and

with the proviso that 5-phenyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole is excluded; and

with the further proviso that, when E.sub.1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and E.sub.2 is methyl or ethyl, R is not phenyl.

Another embodiment are the compounds of formula I are those where R is phenyl, 2-naphthyl, 3-biphenylyl, 4-biphenylyl, 9-phenanthryl, 2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3,5-ditrifluoromethylphenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-isopropylphenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 3-iodophenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3-ethoxyphenyl, 3-benzyloxyphenyl, 3-hydroxyphenyl, 3-hydroxymethylphenyl, 3-thiomethylphenyl, 3-bromomethylphenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 3-vinylphenyl, 3-acetylphenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 3-acetamidophenyl, 3-formylphenyl, 3-isothiocyanophenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 2-cyanophenyl, 2-acetylphenyl, 2-bromomethylphenyl, 2-bromophenyl, 2-vinylphenyl, 2-aminophenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-formylphenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 4-n-butylphenyl, 4-n-nonylphenyl, 4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 4-cyanomethylphenyl, 4-aminomethylphenyl, 4-isobutylphenyl, 4-iodophenyl, 4-thioethylphenyl, 4-bromomethylphenyl, 4-benzyloxyphenyl, 4-acetylphenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 4-n-amylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-hydroxymethylphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-vinylphenyl, 4-formylphenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl, 4-thiomethylphenyl, 4-phenoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dibromophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3-amino-4-methylphenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl, 3-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl, 3-amino-4-methylphenyl, 3-fluoro-4-bromophenyl or 3-fluoro-4-formylphenyl, and where E.sub.1 and E.sub.2 are independently straight or branched chain alkyl of 4 to 24 carbon atoms orphenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, or E.sub.1 is additionally phenyl.

Another embodiment of the instant invention are compounds of formula II where T is a direct bond, 1,4-phenylene or 2,5-di-n-hexyl-1,4-phenyene and where E.sub.1 and E.sub.2 are independently a straight or branched chain alkyl of 4 to 24 carbon atoms or phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms.

Another embodiment of the instant invention are the compounds of formula I or II where R is phenyl, 2-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3,5-di-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl or 1,1'-biphenyl-4-ylphenyl, T is 1,4-phenylene, E.sub.1 is phenyl or .alpha.-cumyl, and E.sub.2 is tert-butyl or tert-octyl.

Still another embodiment of the instant invention are compounds of formula I where R is phenyl or 4-trifluoromethylphenyl; E.sub.1 is .alpha.-cumyl; and E.sub.2 is tert-octyl.

The instant invention also pertains to the method of making the instant compounds of formula I or II ##STR3##

where R, T, E.sub.1 and E.sub.2 are as defined above,

by the reaction of an arylboronic acid or ester of formula III or IV

R--B(OR.sub.1)(OR.sub.2) (III)

where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together are alkylene of 2 to 4 carbon atoms;

with a 5-substituted benzotriazole of formula V ##STR4##

where X is chloro, bromo or iodo, or tosylate,

in the presence of an effective amount of a palladium(II) catalyst and optionally in the additional presence of a ligand, such as triphenylphosphine, at a temperature between 10 to 100.degree. C., preferably between 50 to 95.degree. C.

When a ligand is used, the ligand is triphenylphosphine, 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)biphenyl, 1,1'-bis[2,4,8,10-tetrakis(tert-butyl)-dibenzo[d,f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepin- 6-yl]ferrocene, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite or 2,2',2"-nitrilo-[triethyl-tris(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2, 2'-diyl)phosphite]. In another embodiment, the ligand is triphenylphosphine.

Preferably the amount of palladium(II) catalyst is 0.01 to 10 mol percent.

In one embodiment of the invention, an anhydrous process is used with dioxane as solvent and potassium fluoride as a base; or the process can be run using n-propanol or isopropanol as solvent with a small amount of water and aqueous sodium carbonate as a base.

When any of R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 or any of E.sub.1 to E.sub.3 is alkyl, such groups are, straight or branched chain, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, tert-amyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, tert-octyl, lauryl, undecyl, tert-dodecyl, tridecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl and eicosyl; when any of said radicals is alkenyl, such groups are, for example, allyl, methallyl. 2-n-hexenyl, 4-n-octenyl or oleyl; when any of said radicals is cycloalkyl, such groups are, for example, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl or cyclododecyl; when any of said radicals are phenylalkyl, such groups are, for example, benzyl, .alpha.-phenethyl, 2-phenethyl, .alpha.-methylbenzyl or .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl; and when any of said radicals is aryl, they are, for example, phenyl, .alpha.-naphthyl or .beta.-naphthyl or when substituted by alkyl are, for example, tolyl and xylyl. When alkyl is substituted by one or more --O-- groups and/or substituted by one or more --OH, these groups can be hydroxymethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-hydroxypropyl or can be, for example, --(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.w OH or --(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.w OR.sub.21 where w is 1 to 12 and R.sub.21 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms; when any of said radicals is halogen, they are, for example, fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo; when any of said radicals is alkoxycarbonyl, they are, for example, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, hexyloxycarbonyl, octyloxycarbonyl, or dodecyloxycarbonyl; when any of said radicals is alkoxy or aryloxy, they are, for example, the same alkyl or same aryl definition as seen above.

The instant invention also pertains to a composition stabilized against thermal, oxidative or light-induced degradation which comprises,

(a) an organic material subject to thermal, oxidative or light-induced degradation, and

(b) an effective stabilizing amount of a compound of formula I or II ##STR5##

wherein

R is phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl, 9-phenanthryl or said phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl or 9-phenanthryl substituted by one to three alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, R.sub.3 S--, R.sub.3 SO--, R.sub.3 SO.sub.2, aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, halogen, nitro, cyano, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl of 2 to 19 carbon atoms, hydroxyl, alkoxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, aryloxy of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, aralkoxy of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, vinyl, acetyl, acetamido, amino, dialkylamino of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, formyl, thioalkoxy of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, hydroxymethyl, aminomethyl, halomethyl, sulfato, phosphato or where any two substituents form a benzo ring with the aryl moiety to which they are attached,

T is a direct bond, 1,4-phenylene or said phenylene substituted by one or two alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms,

R.sub.3 is alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms or aryl of 6 to 10 carbon atoms,

E.sub.1 is hydrogen, straight or branched alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by 1 to 4 alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,

E.sub.2 is straight or branched alkyl chain of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, straight or branched chain alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, phenylalkyl of 7 to 15 carbon atoms, phenyl, or said phenyl or said phenylalkyl substituted on the phenyl ring by 1 to 3 alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or E.sub.2 is alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms or alkenyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms substituted by one or more --OH, --OCOE.sub.3, --NH.sub.2, --NHCOE.sub.3 or --COOE.sub.3, or mixtures thereof; or said alkyl or said alkenyl interrupted by one or more --O-- which can be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more --OH groups; where E.sub.3 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and where said alkyl is interrupted by one or more --O-- and which can be substituted by one or more --OH or --OR.sub.21 groups where R.sub.21 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

The organic material is a natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic polymer, such as a thermoplastic polymer.

In other embodiments, the polymer is a polyolefin or polycarbonate, such as polyethylene or polypropylene; or polypropylene; or the polymer is a styrenic, ABS, a nylon, a polyester such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or poly(butylene terephthalate), a polyurethane, an acrylate, a rubber modified styrenic, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl butyral), polyacetal (polyoxymethylene), poly(ethylene naphthalenedicarboxylate), or other blends or copolymers such as poly(ethylene/1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) PETG or an ionomer.

In another embodiment of the instant invention, the organic material is a resin selected from the group consisting of a thermoset acrylic melamine resin, an acrylic urethane resin, an epoxy carboxy resin, a silane modified acrylic melamine, an acrylic resin with carbamate pendant groups crosslinked with melamine or an acrylic polyol resin crosslinked with melamine containing carbamate groups.

In still other embodiments, the resin is a thermoset acrylic melamine resin or an acrylic urethane resin.

In yet another embodiment of the instant invention, the organic material is a recording material.

The recording materials according to the invention are suitable for pressure-sensitive copying systems, photocopying systems using microcapsules, heat-sensitive copying systems, photographic materials and ink jet printing.

The recording materials according to the invention are distinguished by an unexpected improvement in quality, especially with regard to the fastness to light.

The recording materials according to the invention have the construction known for the particular use. They consist of a customary carrier, for example, paper or plastic film, which has been coated with one or more layers. Depending on the type of material, these layers contain the appropriate necessary components, in the case of photographic materials, for example, silver halide emulsions, dye couplers, dyes and the like. Material particularly suitable for ink jet printing has a layer particularly absorptive for ink on a customary carrier. Uncoated paper can also be employed for ink jet printing. In this case the paper acts at the same time as the carrier material and as the ink-absorbent layer. Suitable material for ink jet printing is, for example, described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,073,448 which is incorporated herein by reference.

The recording material can also be transparent as, for example, in the case of projection films.

The compounds of formula I or II can be incorporated into the carder material as early as the production of the latter, in the production of paper, for example, being added to the paper pulp. A second method of application is to spray the carder material with an aqueous solution of compounds of formula I or II or to add the compounds to the coating composition.

Coating compositions intended for transparent recording materials suitable for projection cannot contain any particles which scatter light, such as pigments and fillers.

The dye-binding coating composition can contain a number of other additives, for example, antioxidants, light stabilizers (including also UV absorbers which do not fall under the scope of the UV absorbers of this invention), viscosity improvers, fluorescent brighteners, biocides and/or antistatic agents.

The coating composition is usually prepared as follows: the water-soluble components, for example, the binder, are dissolved in water and stirred together; the solid components, for example, fillers and other additives already described, are dispersed in this aqueous medium; and disperison is advantageously carried out by means of devices, for example, ultrasonic systems, turbine stirrers, homogenizers, colloid mills, bead mills, sand mills, high-speed stirrers and the like. The compounds of formula I or II can be easily incorporated into the coating composition.

The recording material according to this invention preferably contains 1 to 5000 mg/m.sup.2, in particular 50-1200 mg/m.sup.2, of a compound of formula I or II.

As already mentioned, the recording materials according to the invention embrace a wide field. The compounds of formula I or II can, for example, be employed in pressure-sensitive copying systems. They can be introduced either into the paper in order to protect the microencapsulated dye precursors there from light, or into the binder of the developer layer in order to protect the dyes formed there.

Photocopying systems using light-sensitive microcapsules which are developed by means of pressure are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,416,966; 4,483,912; 4,352,200; 4,535,050; 4,535,463; 4,551,407; 4,562,137 and 4,608,330; and also in EP-A 139,479; EP-A 162,664; EP-A 164,931; EP-A 237,024; EP-A 237,025 and EP-A 260,129. In all these systems, the compounds can be put into the dye-receiving layer. The compounds can, however, also be put into the donor layer in order to protect the color formers from light.

Photographic materials which can be stabilized are photographic dyes and layers containing such dyes or precursors thereof, for example, photographic paper and films. Suitable materials are, for example, described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,749 which is incorporated herein by reference. The compounds of formula I or II act here as a UV filter against electrostatic flashes. In color photographic materials, couplers and dyes are also protected against photochemical decomposition.

The instant compounds can be used for all types of color photographic materials. For example, they can be employed for color paper, color reversal paper, direct-positive color material, color negative film, color positive film, color reversal film and the like. They are preferably used inter alia for photographic color material which contains a reversal substrate or form positives.

Color-photographic recording materials usually contain, on a support, a blue-sensitive and/or a green-sensitive and/or a red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and, if desired, a protection layer, with the instant compounds being, preferably, either in the green-sensitive or the red-sensitive layer or in a layer between the green-sensitive and the red-sensitive layer or in a layer on top of the silver halide emulsion layers.

The compounds of formula I or II can also be employed in recording materials based on the principles of photopolymerization, photoplasticization or the rupture of microcapsules, or in cases where heat-sensitive and light-sensitive diazonium salts, leuko dyes having an oxidizing agent or dye lactones having Lewis acids are used.

Furthermore, the instant compounds can be employed in recording materials for dye diffusion transfer printing, thermal wax transfer printing and non-matrix printing and for use with electrostatic, electrographic, electrophoretic, magnetographic and laser-electrophotographic printers and pen-plotters. Of the above, recording materials for dye diffusion transfer printing are preferred, for example, as described in EP-A 507,734.

The instant compounds can also be employed in inks, such as for ink jet printing, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,098,477 which is incorporated herein by reference.

The instant compounds also are effective in the protection of dyes present in candle wax from premature degradation and fading.

The instant compounds of formula I or II are also useful in adhesives used in solar films, optical films and other laminated structures against the adverse effects of ultraviolet light and actinic radiation.

The compounds of this invention exhibit superior hydrolytic stability, handling and storage stability as well as good resistance to extractability when present in a stabilized composition.

The methodology to make the instant compounds is described in the prior art. The intermediates needed to make the instant compounds are largely items of commerce.

In general polymers which can be stabilized include

1. Polymers of monoolefins and diolefins, for example polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybut-1-ene, poly-4-methylpent-1-ene, polyisoprene or polybutadiene, as well as polymers of cycloolefins, for instance of cyclopentene or norbornene, polyethylene (which optionally can be crosslinked), for example high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), branched low density polyethylene (BLDPE).

Polyolefins, i.e. the polymers of monoolefins exemplified in the preceding paragraph, preferably polyethylene and polypropylene, can be prepared by different, and especially by the following, methods:

a) radical polymerisation (normally under high pressure and at elevated temperature).

b) catalytic polymerisation using a catalyst that normally contains one or more than one metal of groups IVb, Vb, VIb or VIII of the Periodic Table. These metals usually have one or more than one ligand, typically oxides, halides, alcoholates, esters, ethers, amines, alkyls, alkenyls and/or aryls that may be either .pi.- or .sigma.-coordinated. These metal complexes may be in the free form or fixed on substrates, typically on activated magnesium chloride, titanium(III) chloride, alumina or silicon oxide. These catalysts may be soluble or insoluble in the polymerisation medium. The catalysts can be used by themselves in the polymerisation or further activators may be used, typically metal alkyls, metal hydrides, metal alkyl halides, metal alkyl oxides or metal alkyloxanes, said metals being elements of groups Ia, IIa and/or IIIa of the Periodic Table. The activators may be modified conveniently with further ester, ether, amine or silyl ether groups. These catalyst systems are usually termed Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocene or single site catalysts (SSC).

2. Mixtures of the polymers mentioned under 1), for example mixtures of polypropylene with polyisobutylene, polypropylene with polyethylene (for example PP/HDPE, PP/LDPE) and mixtures of different types of polyethylene (for example LDPE/HDPE).

3. Copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins with each other or with other vinyl monomers, for example ethylene/propylene copolymers, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and mixtures thereof with low density polyethylene (LDPE), propylene/but-1-ene copolymers, propylene/isobutylene copolymers, ethylene/but-1-ene copolymers, ethylene/hexene copolymers, ethylene/methylpentene copolymers, ethylene/heptene copolymers, ethylene/octene copolymers, propylene/butadiene copolymers, isobutylene/isoprene copolymers, ethylene/alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene/alkyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers and their copolymers with carbon monoxide or ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers and their salts (ionomers) as well as terpolymers of ethylene with propylene and a diene such as hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylidene-norbornene; and mixtures of such copolymers with one another and with polymers mentioned in 1) above, for example polypropylene/ethylene-propylene copolymers, LDPE/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), LDPE/ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers (EAA), LLDPE/EVA, LLDPE/EAA and alternating or random polyalkylene/carbon monoxide copolymers and mixtures thereof with other polymers, for example polyamides.

4. Hydrocarbon resins (for example C.sub.5 -C.sub.9) including hydrogenated modifications thereof (e.g. tackifiers) and mixtures of polyalkylenes and starch.

5. Polystyrene, poly(p-methylstyrene), poly(.alpha.-methylstyrene).

6. Copolymers of styrene or .alpha.-methylstyrene with dienes or acrylic derivatives, for example styrene/butadiene, styrene/acrylonitrile, styrene/alkyl methacrylate, styrene/butadiene/alkyl acrylate, styrene/butadiene/alkyl methacrylate, styrene/maleic anhydride, styrene/acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate; mixtures of high impact strength of styrene copolymers and another polymer, for example a polyacrylate, a diene polymer or an ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymer, and block copolymers of styrene such as styrene/butadiene/styrene, styrene/isoprene/styrene, styrene/ethylene/butylene/styrene or styrene/ethylene/propylene/styrene.

7. Graft copolymers of styrene or .alpha.-methylstyrene, for example styrene on polybutadiene, styrene on polybutadiene-styrene or polybutadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers; styrene and acrylontrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on polybutadiene; styrene and maleic anhydride on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride or maleimide on polybutadiene; styrene and maleimide on polybutadiene; styrene and alkyl acrylates or methacrylates on polybutadiene; styrene and acrylonitrile on ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymers; styrene and acrylonitrile on polyalkyl acrylates or polyalkyl methacrylates, styrene and acrylonitrile on acrylate/butadiene copolymers, as well as mixtures thereof with the copolymers listed under 6), for example the copolymer mixtures known as ABS, MBS, ASA or AES polymers.

8. Halogen-containing polymers such as polychloroprene, chlorinated rubbers, chlorinated PVC, chlorinated or sulfochlorinated polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene and chlorinated ethylene, epichlorohydrin homo- and copolymers, especially polymers of halogen-containing vinyl compounds, for example polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, as well as copolymers thereof such as vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride/vinyl acetate copolymers.

9. Polymers derived from .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated acids and derivatives thereof such as polyacrylates and polymethacrylates; polymethyl methacrylates, polyacrylamides and polyacrylonitriles, impact-modified with butyl acrylate.

10. Copolymers of the monomers mentioned under 9) with each other or with other unsaturated monomers, for example acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile/alkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile/alkoxyalkyl acrylate or acrylonitrile/vinyl halide copolymers or acrylonitrile/alkyl methacrylate/butadiene terpolymers.

11. Polymers derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or the acyl derivatives or acetals thereof, for example polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl stearate, polyvinyl benzoate, polyvinyl maleate, polyvinyl butyral, polyallyl phthalate or polyallyl melamine; as well as their copolymers with olefins mentioned in 1) above.

12. Homopolymers and copolymers of cyclic ethers such as polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide or copolymers thereof with bisglycidyl ethers.

13. Polyacetals such as polyoxymethylene and those polyoxymethylenes which contain ethylene oxide as a comonomer; polyacetals modified with thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates or MBS.

14. Polyphenylene oxides and sulfides, and mixtures of polyphenylene oxides with styrene polymers or polyamides.

15. Polyurethanes derived from hydroxyl-terminated polyethers, polyesters or polybutadienes on the one hand and aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates on the other, as well as precursors thereof.

16. Polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and/or from aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams, for example polyamide 4, polyamide 6, polyamide 6/6, 6/10, 6/9, 6/12, 4/6, 12/12, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, aromatic polyamides starting from m-xylene diamine and adipic acid; polyamides prepared from hexamethylenediamine and isophthalic or/and terephthalic acid and with or without an elastomer as modifier, for example poly-2,4,4,-trimethylhexamethylene terephthalamide or poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide; and also block copolymers of the aforementioned polyamides with polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ionomers or chemically bonded or grafted elastomers; or with polyethers, e.g. with polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polytetramethylene glycol; as well as polyamides or copolyamides modified with EPDM or ABS; and polyamides condensed during processing (RIM polyamide systems).

17. Polyureas, polyimides, polyamide-imides and polybenzimidazoles.

18. Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and diols and/or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones, for example polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, poly-1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate and polyhydroxybenzoates, as well as block copolyether esters derived from hydroxyl-terminated polyethers; and also polyesters modified with polycarbonates or MBS.

19. Polycarbonates and polyester carbonates.

20. Polysulfones, polyether sulfones and polyether ketones.

21. Crosslinked polymers derived from aldehydes on the one hand and phenols, ureas and melamines on the other hand, such as phenol/formaldehyde resins, urea/formaldehyde resins and melamine/formaldehyde resins.

22. Drying and non-drying alkyd resins.

23. Unsaturated polyester resins derived from copolyesters of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols and vinyl compounds as crosslinking agents, and also halogen-containing modifications thereof of low flammability.

24. Crosslinkable acrylic resins derived from substituted acrylates, for example epoxy acrylates, urethane acrylates or polyester acrylates.

25. Alkyd resins, polyester resins and acrylate resins crosslinked with melamine resins, urea resins, polyisocyanates or epoxy resins.

26. Crosslinked epoxy resins derived from polyepoxides, for example from bisglycidyl ethers or from cycloaliphatic diepoxides.

27. Natural polymers such as cellulose, rubber, gelatin and chemically modified homologous derivatives thereof, for example cellulose acetates, cellulose propionates and cellulose butyrates, or the cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose; as well as rosins and their derivatives.

28. Blends of the aforementioned polymers (polyblends), for example PP/EPDM, Polyamide/EPDM or ABS, PVC/EVA, PVC/ABS, PVC/MBS, PC/ABS, PBTP/ABS, PC/ASA, PC/PBT, PVC/CPE, PVC/acrylates, POM/thermoplastic PUR, PC/thermoplastic PUR, POM/acrylate, POM/MBS, PPO/HIPS, PPO/PA 6.6 and copolymers, PA/HDPE, PA/PP, PA/PPO.

29. Naturally occurring and synthetic organic materials which are pure monomeric compounds or mixtures of such compounds, for example mineral oils, animal and vegetable fats, oil and waxes, or oils, fats and waxes based on synthetic esters (e.g. phthalates, adipates, phosphates or trimellitates) and also mixtures of synthetic esters with mineral oils in any weight ratios, typically those used as spinning compositions, as well as aqueous emulsions of such materials.

30. Aqueous emulsions of natural or synthetic rubber, e.g. natural latex or latices of carboxylated styrene/butadiene copolymers.

31. Polysiloxanes such as the soft, hydrophilic polysiloxanes described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,259,467; and the hard polyorganosiloxanes described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,355,147.

32. Polyketimines in combination with unsaturated acrylic polyacetoacetate resins or with unsaturated acrylic resins. The unsaturated acrylic resins include the urethane acrylates, polyether acrylates, vinyl or acryl copolymers with pendant unsaturated groups and the acrylated melamines. The polyketimines are prepared from polyamines and ketones in the presence of an acid catalyst.

33. Radiation curable compositions containing ethylenically unsaturated monomers or oligomers and a polyunsaturated aliphatic oligomer.

34. Epoxymelamine resins such as light-stable epoxy resins crosslinked by an epoxy functional coetherified high solids melamine resin such as LSE-4103 (Monsanto).

In general, the compounds of the present invention are employed in from about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of the stabilized composition, although this will vary with the particular substrate and application. An advantageous range is from about 0.05 to about 3%, and especially 0.05 to about 1%. However, some high performance films or in UV absorbing layers of laminates such as those produced by coextrusion may contain from 5-15% by weight of the instant compounds. Concentrations of 5-10% by weight are typical in certain coextrusion applications.

The stabilizers of the instant invention may readily be incorporated into the organic polymers by conventional techniques, at any convenient stage prior to the manufacture of shaped articles therefrom. For example, the stabilizer may be mixed with the polymer in dry powder form, or a suspension or emulsion of the stabilizer may be mixed with a solution, suspension, or emulsion of the polymer. The resulting stabilized polymer compositions of the invention may optionally also contain from about 0.01 to about 5%, preferably from about 0.025 to about 2%, and especially from about 0.1 to about 1% by weight of various conventional additives, such as the materials listed below, or mixtures thereof.

1. Antioxidants

1.1. Alkylated Monophenols, for Example, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-i-butylphenol 2,6-di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol 2-(.alpha.-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol 2,6-di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol 2,4,6-tri-cyclohexylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol

1.2. Alkylated Hydroquinones, for Example, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol 2,5-di-tert-butyl-hydroquinone 2,5-di-tert-amyl-hydroquinone 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol

1.3. Hydroxylated Thiodiphenyl Ethers, for Example, 2,2'-thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) 2,2'-thio-bis-(4-octylphenol) 4,4'-thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol) 4,4'-thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol)

1.4. Alkylidene-bisphenols, for Example, 2,2'-methylene-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) 2,2'-methylene-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol) 2,2'-methylene-bis-[4-methyl-6-(.alpha.-methylcyclohexyl)-phenol] 2,2'-methylene-bis-(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol) 2,2'-methylene-bis-(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol) 2,2'-methylene-bis-[6-(.alpha.-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol] 2,2'-methylene-bis-[6-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol] 2,2'-methylene-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol) 2,2'-ethylidene-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol) 2,2'-ethylidene-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol) 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) 4,4'-methylene-bis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol) 1,1-bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butane 2,6-di-(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol 1,1,3-tris-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butane 1,1-bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane ethyleneglycol bis-[3,3-bis-(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-butyrate] di-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-dicyclopentadiene di-[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphen yl]terephthalate.

1.5. Benzyl Compounds, for Example, 1,3,5-tri-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene di-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercapto-acetic acid isooctyl ester bis-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithiol terephthalate 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate 1,3,5-tris-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphoric acid dioctadecyl ester 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphoric acid monoethyl ester, calcium-salt

1.6. Acylaminophenols, for Example, 4-hydroxy-lauric acid anilide 4-hydroxy-stearic acid anilide 2,4-bis-octylmercapto-6-(3,5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-s-triazine octyl-N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-carbamate

1.7. Esters of .beta.-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic Acid with Monohydric or Polyhydric Alcohols, for Example

methanol diethylene glycol octadecanol triethylene glycol 1,6-hexanediol pentaerythritol neopentyl glycol tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate thiodiethylene glycol di-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide triethanolamine triisopropanolamine

1.8. Esters of .beta.-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-propionic Acid with Monohydric or Polyhydric Alcohols, for Example

methanol diethylene glycol octadecanol triethylene glycol 1,6-hexanediol pentaerythritol neopentyl glycol tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate thiodiethylene glycol di-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide triethanolamine triisopropanolamine

1.9. Amides of .beta.-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic Acid for Example, N,N'-di-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexamethylenediamine N,N'-di-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-trimethylenediamine N,N'-di-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hydrazine

1.10 Diarylamines, for Example, diphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, 4,4'-di-tert-octyl-diphenylamine, reaction product of N-phenylbenzylamine and 2,4,4-trimethylpentene, reaction product of diphenylamine and 2,4,4-trimethylpentene, reaction product of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and 2,4,4-trimethylpentene.

2. UV Absorbers and Light Stabilizers

2.1. 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazoles, for example, the 5'-methyl-, 3',5'-di-tert-butyl-, 5'-tert-butyl-, 5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-, 5-chloro-3',5'-di-tert-butyl-, 5-chloro-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methyl-, 3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-, 4'-octoxy, 3',5'-di-tert-amyl-, 3',5'-bis-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl), 3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-(omega-hydroxy-octa-(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl-ethyl)-, 3'-dodecyl-5'-methyl-, and 3'-tert-butyl-5-(2-octyloxycarbonyl)ethyl-, and dodecylated-5'-methyl derivatives.

2.2. 2-Hydroxy-benzophenones, for example, the 4-hydroxy-, 4-methoxy-, 4-octoxy, 4-decyloxy-, 4-dodecyloxy-, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy- and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives.

2.3. Esters of optionally substituted benzoic acids for example, phenyl salicylate, 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis-(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)-resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl ester and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid hexadecyl ester.

2.4. Acrylates, for example, .alpha.-cyano-.beta.,.beta.-diphenylacrylic acid ethyl ester or isooctyl ester, .alpha.-carbomethoxy-cinnamic acid methyl ester, .alpha.-cyano-.beta.-methyl-p-methoxy-cinnamic acid methyl ester or butyl ester, .alpha.-carbomethoxy-p-methoxy-cinnamic acid methyl ester, N-(.beta.-carbomethoxy-.beta.-cyanovinyl)-2-methyl-indoline.

2.5. Nickel compounds, for example, nickel complexes of 2,2'-thio-bis-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenol], such as the 1:1 or 1:2 complex, optionally with additional ligands such as n-butylamine, triethanolamine or N-cyclohexyl-diethanolamine, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, nickel salts of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylphosphonic acid monoalkyl esters, such as of the methyl, ethyl or butyl ester, nickel complexes of ketoximes such as of 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl undecyl ketoxime, nickel complexes of 1-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxy-pyrazole, optionally with additional ligands.

2.6. Sterically hindered amines, for example bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)sebacate, bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)sebacate, n-butyl-3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl malonic acid bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentanemethylpiperidyl)ester, condensation product of 1-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, condensation product of N,N'-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-s-triazine, tris-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-nitrilotriacetate, tetrakis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, 1,1'(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis-(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone), bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperid ine.

2.7. Oxalic acid diamides, for example, 4,4'-di-octyloxy-oxanilide, 2,2'-di-octyloxy-5,5'di-tert-butyl-oxanilide, 2,2'-di-dodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butyl-oxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-oxanilide, N,N'-bis (3-dimethylaminopropyl)-oxalamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethyloxanilide and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butyloxanilide and mixtures of ortho- and para-methoxy- as well as of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.

2.8. Hydroxyphenyl-s-triazines, for example 2,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine; 2,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-s-triazine; 2,4-bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-s-triazine; 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-s-triazine ; 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(2,4-dimethylp henyl)-s-triazine; 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(4-bromophenyl)-s-triazine; 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl)-6-(4chlorophenyl)-s-triazine, 2,4-bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-s-triazine.

3. Metal deactivators, for example, N,N'-diphenyloxalic acid diamide, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis-benzylidene-oxalic acid dihydrazide.

4. Phosphites and phosphonites, for example, triphenyl phosphite, diphenylalkyl phosphites, phenyldialkyl phosphites, tri-(nonylphenyl)phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, di-stearyl-pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, di-isodecyl-pentaerythritol diphosphite, di-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl)-pentaerythritol diphosphite, di-(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)-pentaerythritol diphosphite, di-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearyl-sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis-(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) 4,4'-diphenylylenediphosphonite.

5. Compounds which destroy Peroxide, for example, esters of .beta.-thiodipropionic acid, for example the lauryl, stearyl, myristyl or tridecyl esters, mercapto-benzimidazole or the zinc salt of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, zinc dibutyl-dithiocarbamate, dioctadecyl disulfide, pentaerythritol tetrakis-(.beta.-dodecylmercapto)-propionate.

6. Hydroxylamines, for example, N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N-hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine derived from hydrogenated tallow amine.

7. Nitrones, for example, N-benzyl-alpha-phenyl