Title: Substrate processing apparatus equipping with high-pressure processing unit
Abstract: With respect to any one of processing units, a main transportation path, a developing unit, a dedicated transportation robot and a high-pressure processing unit are disposed linearly in this order in a direction. Hence, even if a processing fluid adhering to a substrate or an evaporant of the processing fluid moves toward the main transportation path while the high-pressure processing unit transports the substrate wet with the processing fluid, there are the processing units located which the processing fluid or its evaporant must arrive at before reaching the main transportation path.
Patent Number: 6,841,031 Issued on 01/11/2005 to Iwata, et al.
| Inventors:
|
Iwata; Tomomi (Kyoto, JP);
Muraoka; Yusuke (Kyoto, JP);
Saito; Kimitsugu (Kyoto, JP);
Mizobata; Ikuo (Kyoto, JP);
Miyake; Takashi (Kyoto, JP);
Kitakado; Ryuji (Kyoto, JP)
|
| Assignee:
|
Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. (JP)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
201383 |
| Filed:
|
July 23, 2002 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
| Jul 27, 2001[JP] | 2001-227242 |
| Current U.S. Class: |
156/345.22; 118/719 |
| Intern'l Class: |
H01L 021/306; H01L021/304 |
| Field of Search: |
156/345.22,345.23
414/935-940,788.7
118/719
134/113
|
References Cited [Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
| 5700379 | Dec., 1997 | Biebl | 216/2.
|
| 6074515 | Jun., 2000 | Iseki et al. | 156/345.
|
| 6270619 | Aug., 2001 | Suzuki et al. | 156/345.
|
| 6354794 | Mar., 2002 | Sato et al. | 414/811.
|
| 6413355 | Jul., 2002 | Kamikawa et al. | 156/345.
|
| 6439824 | Aug., 2002 | Harris et al. | 414/416.
|
| 6524429 | Feb., 2003 | Nogami et al. | 156/345.
|
| Foreign Patent Documents |
| 19506404 | Mar., 1996 | DE.
| |
| 0732557 | Sep., 1996 | EP.
| |
| 7-142355 | Jun., 1995 | JP.
| |
| 8-250464 | Sep., 1996 | JP.
| |
| 9-139374 | May., 1997 | JP.
| |
| 28299009 | Dec., 1998 | JP.
| |
| 11-145351 | May., 1999 | JP.
| |
| 2000-91180 | Mar., 2000 | JP.
| |
| 2000-138156 | May., 2000 | JP.
| |
Primary Examiner: Mills; Gregory
Assistant Examiner: MacArthur; Sylvia R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Ostrolenk, Faber, Gerb & Soffen, LLP
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A substrate processing apparatus including a main transportation path,
comprising:
a wet processing unit which is disposed facing said main transportation
path, and which supplies a processing fluid to a substrate to process said
substrate with a predetermined wet surface treatment;
a main transportation system which moves on said main transportation path,
and which loads a substrate into and unloads a substrate out from said wet
processing unit;
a high-pressure processing unit which is disposed away from said main
transportation path with said wet processing unit located between said
main transportation path and said high-pressure processing unit, and which
causes a high-pressure fluid or a mixture of a high-pressure fluid and a
chemical agent, as a processing fluid, to come into contact with a surface
of a substrate treated with said wet surface treatment by said wet
processing unit and accordingly processes a surface of said substrate with
a high-pressure surface treatment; and
a dedicated transportation system which is disposed between said wet
processing unit and said high-pressure processing unit, and which
transports a substrate from said wet processing unit to said high-pressure
processing unit.
2. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein said main
transportation path, said wet processing unit, said dedicated
transportation system and said high-pressure processing unit are linearly
arranged in this order.
3. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein said
high-pressure processing unit executes a drying process of drying a
substrate as the last process of said surface treatment.
4. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein said dedicated
transportation system transports said substrate having a wet surface to
said high-pressure processing unit.
5. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 4, wherein said dedicated
transportation system transports said substrate on which said processing
fluid stays.
6. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 4, wherein said dedicated
transportation system transports said substrate, which is housed in a
transporting container filled with a moisturizing fluid, to said
high-pressure processing unit.
7. A substrate processing apparatus including a main transportation path,
comprising:
a plurality of wet processing units each of which is disposed facing said
main transportation path, and each of which supplies a processing fluid to
a substrate to process said substrate with a predetermined wet surface
treatment, one of said wet processing units being a preprocessing unit;
a main transportation system which moves on said main transportation path,
and which loads a substrate into and unloads a substrate out from said wet
processing units;
a high-pressure processing unit which is disposed away from said main
transportation path with said preprocessing unit located between said main
transportation path and said high-pressure processing unit, and which
causes a high-pressure fluid or a mixture of a high-pressure fluid and a
chemical agent, as a processing fluid, to come into contact with a surface
of a substrate treated with said wet surface treatment by said
preprocessing unit and accordingly processes a surface of said substrate
with a high-pressure surface treatment; and
a dedicated transportation system which is disposed between said
preprocessing unit and said high-pressure processing unit, and which
transports a substrate from said preprocessing unit to said high-pressure
processing unit.
8. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 7, wherein said main
transportation path, said preprocessing unit, said dedicated
transportation system and said high-pressure processing unit are linearly
arranged in this order.
9. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 7, wherein said
high-pressure processing unit executes a drying process of drying a
substrate as the last process of said surface treatment.
10. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 9, wherein said dedicated
transportation system transports said substrate on which said processing
fluid stays.
11. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 9, wherein said dedicated
transportation system transports said substrate, which is housed in a
transporting container filled with a moisturizing fluid, to said
high-pressure processing unit.
12. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 7, wherein said dedicated
transportation system transports said substrate having a wet surface to
said high-pressure processing unit.
13. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 7, wherein said
high-pressure processing unit uses a supercritical fluid as said
processing fluid.
14. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein said
high-pressure processing unit uses a supercritical fluid as said
processing fluid.
15. A substrate processing apparatus including a main transportation path,
comprising:
a plurality of wet processing units each of which is disposed facing said
main transportation path, and each of which supplies a processing fluid to
a substrate to process said substrate with a predetermined wet surface
treatment;
a main transportation system which moves on said main transportation path,
and which loads a substrate into and unloads a substrate out from said wet
processing units;
a plurality of high-pressure processing units each of which is disposed
away from said main transportation path with one said wet processing unit
located between said main transportation path and said high-pressure
processing unit, and each of which causes a high-pressure fluid or a
mixture of a high-pressure fluid and a chemical agent, as a processing
fluid, to come into contact with a surface of a substrate treated with
said wet surface treatment by said one wet processing unit and accordingly
processes a surface of said substrate with a high-pressure surface
treatment; and
a dedicated transportation system which is disposed between said one wet
processing unit and the corresponding said high-pressure processing unit,
and which transports a substrate from said one wet processing unit to said
corresponding high-pressure processing unit,
wherein said high-pressure processing units are disposed in juxtaposition.
16. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 15, wherein said main
transportation path, said one wet processing unit, said dedicated
transportation means and said high-pressure processing unit are linearly
arranged in this order.
17. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 15, wherein said
high-pressure processing unit executes a drying process of drying a
substrate as the last process of said surface treatment.
18. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 15, wherein said dedicated
transportation system transports said substrate having a wet surface to
said high-pressure processing unit.
19. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 18, wherein said dedicated
transportation system transports said substrate on which said processing
fluid stays.
20. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 18, wherein said dedicated
transportation means transports said substrate, which is housed in a
transporting container filled with a moisturizing fluid, to said
high-pressure processing unit.
21. The substrate processing apparatus of claim 15, wherein said
high-pressure processing unit uses a supercritical fluid as said
processing fluid.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a substrate processing apparatus which
performs a variety types of surface treatments (e.g., development,
etching, cleaning, rinsing, drying) upon a variety types of substrates
such as a semiconductor wafer, a glass substrate for photomask, a glass
substrate for liquid crystal display, a glass substrate for plasma display
and an optical disk substrate (hereinafter simply referred to as
"substrates").
2. Description of the Related Art
A substrate processing apparatus which is shown in FIG. 9, for instance,
has been proposed as this type of substrate processing apparatus. Disposed
in the illustrated substrate processing apparatus are an indexer 1 and a
processing module 2 which is disposed adjacent to and on one side to the
indexer 1. The indexer 1 comprises a cassette mounting stage 12 which
mounts a plurality of cassettes 11 each capable of housing more than one
substrates W, and an indexer robot 14 which can move on an indexer
transportation path 13 extending long along a direction Y. The index robot
14 loads the substrates W into and unloads the substrates W out from the
cassettes 11. The processing module 2 comprises a main transportation
robot 22 which can move on a main transportation path 21 which extends
long along a direction X perpendicular to the direction Y, and unit
columns 23, 24 which are disposed on the both sides of the main
transportation path 21. In the unit columns 23, 24, processing units 231
through 233 and 241 through 243 are respectively arranged in the direction
X.
In the substrate processing apparatus having such a structure above, after
unloaded by the indexer robot 14, the substrates W housed in the cassettes
11 are handed over to the main transportation robot 22. Receiving the
substrates W yet to be processed, the main transportation robot 22 moves
to arrive at any one of the processing units 231 through 233 and 241
through 243, and inserts the substrates W to this processing unit.
Meanwhile, the processed substrates W are unloaded from this processing
unit by the main transportation robot 22 and thereafter transported to the
next processing unit.
After such an operation is repeated and a series of processing is performed
upon the substrates W, the main transportation robot 22 moves on the main
transportation path 21 while still holding the substrates W, and hands
over the substrates W to the indexer robot 14. The indexer robot 14 puts
the received substrates W into the cassettes 11 which used to originally
house these substrates. This structure allows the main transportation
robot 22 to access the processing units 231 through 233 and 241 through
243 in any desired order, and therefore, an order in which the processing
is to be performed upon the substrates W can be freely set.
By the way, while the sizes of patterns of semiconductor devices have been
rapidly reduced over the recent years, these endeavors have led to a new
problem to processing of substrates. For instance, when a resist applied
on a substrate W is to be patterned in order to create fine patterns, a
development process, a rinsing process and a drying process are executed
one after another. A developing fluid such as an alkaline solution is used
during the development process for developing the resist applied on the
substrate W and accordingly removing an unnecessary amount of the resist,
a rinsing fluid such as deionized water is used during the rinsing process
for removing the developing fluid as it is after the development process,
and during the drying process, centrifugal force acts upon the rinsing
fluid which remains on the substrate W and the rinsing fluid is removed
from the substrate W to dry (spin drying process). During the drying
process among these processes, if the interface between the rinsing fluid
and a gas appears on the substrate W as drying proceeds and if this
interface shows itself in a gap between the fine patterns of the
semiconductor device, the surface tension of the rinsing fluid pulls the
fine patterns toward each other and accordingly destroys the fine
patterns, which is a problem.
A few solutions to this problem have been studied, one of which is to form
all or some of the processing units 231 through 233 and 241 through 243 by
the apparatus described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Gazette
No. H8-250464 (hereinafter referred to as "the proposed apparatus"). The
proposed apparatus continuously executes a wet surface treatment, in which
a substrate W transported as it is housed in a container is processed
within the container a wet surface treatment (wet process) with a
liquid-state chemical agent, and a supercritical drying process. The
continuous processing is carried out within the same apparatus as
described below.
First, the main transportation robot 22 loads the substrates W into the
container. After the developing fluid is supplied and a development
process is carried out, a rinsing process with deionized water and a
substitution process with a substitution fluid containing alcohol are
executed in this order as a wet process. Following this, liquid-state
carbon dioxide is introduced into the container to substitute alcohol, the
temperature is increased after the substitution with liquid-state carbon
dioxide to force carbon dioxide into a supercritical state, and the
pressure is then reduced, thereby executing supercritical drying.
Execution of supercritical drying in this manner prevents destruction of
fine patterns.
However, in the event that all or some of the processing units are formed
by the proposed apparatus, there are following problems. First, the
processing units using a supercritical fluid are under more restricting
conditions as compared to frequently used conventional processing units,
i.e., processing units which execute surface treatments under an
atmospheric pressure. In other words, a corrosive chemical agent, such as
strong acid and strong alkali, can not be introduced for execution of
surface treatments although a pressure vessel needs be used as the
container, and therefore, the range of selection of chemical agents is
drastically restricted. This is because a pressure vessel is mainly made
of a metallic material considering the resistance against pressure and
because strong acid or alkali corrodes a surface of the pressure vessel
which is exposed to a chemical fluid. While an obvious solution is to coat
an inner surface of the pressure vessel with a corrosion-resistant coat
such as a fluorocarbon resin, it is virtually difficult to keep the
coating continuously exhibiting this function under a high pressure over a
long period of time. Further, even if the inner surface of the pressure
vessel is coated with a corrosion-resistant coat, it is very difficult to
coat inner surfaces of all parts and components, such as a small pipe, a
joint and a high-pressure valve, leading to the inner surface of the
pressure vessel with a corrosion-resistant coat.
An approach to solve this problem may be to distinguish a wet surface
treatment, which causes a problem in terms of corrosion resistance, from a
surface treatment which uses a supercritical fluid. In other words, the
former (wet surface treatment) may be executed with the conventional
processing units while the latter (supercritical surface treatment) may be
executed with processing units which are formed by the proposed apparatus.
However, such a structure leads to the following problem.
First, in the substrate processing apparatus shown in FIG. 9, the proposed
apparatus is used as some of the processing units of the substrate
processing apparatus and a wet surface treatment which causes a problem in
terms of corrosion resistance is executed by the conventional processing
units. As is clear from FIG. 9, a processing unit for executing the wet
surface treatment (hereinafter referred to as a "wet processing unit") and
a processing unit which is formed by the proposed apparatus (hereinafter
referred to as a "high-pressure processing unit") are both disposed facing
the main transportation path 21. Therefore, it is necessary for the main
transportation robot 22 to transport the substrates W from the wet
processing unit to the high-pressure processing unit. In this manner,
since the substrates W as they are immediately after treated with the wet
surface treatment by the wet processing unit are wet with a processing
fluid such as a rinsing fluid and a substitution fluid, the main
transportation robot 22 directly touches the substrates W in such a
condition. During this wet transportation, a substrate holding portion
(not shown) of the main transportation robot 22 therefore gets wet with
the processing fluid. As a result, as other dried substrates are held in
the substrate holding portion which is thus wet, these substrates get wet
once again, which in turn causes a problem that a production yield
decreases.
Further, while another approach is to dispose a dedicated transportation
robot between the wet processing unit and the high-pressure processing
unit, since the both processing units are arranged facing the main
transportation path 21, the dedicated transportation robot as well needs
inevitably be disposed close to the main indexer transportation path.
Hence, during wet transportation of the substrates W by the dedicated
transportation robot from the wet processing unit to the high-pressure
processing unit, the main transportation robot 22 gets wet or contaminated
as the processing fluid or the like adhering to the substrates W splashes
around toward the main transportation path 21 or as the processing fluid
partially evaporates and accordingly leaks out toward the main
transportation path 21, thereby leading to a decrease in production yield
in a similar fashion to the above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A main object of the present invention is to ensure, within a substrate
processing apparatus in which main transportation means transports a
substrate to be processed with a processing fluid, prevention of wetting
or contamination of the main transportation means with the processing
fluid.
The present invention is directed to a substrate processing apparatus which
includes a main transportation path. The apparatus comprises: a wet
processing unit which is disposed facing the main transportation path, and
which supplies a processing fluid to a substrate to process the substrate
with a predetermined wet surface treatment; main transportation means
which move on the main transportation path, and which loads a substrate
into and unloads a substrate out from the wet processing unit; a
high-pressure processing unit which is disposed away from the main
transportation path with the wet processing unit located between the main
transportation path and the high-pressure processing unit, and which
causes a high-pressure fluid or a mixture of a high-pressure fluid and a
chemical agent, as a processing fluid, to come into contact with a surface
of a substrate treated with the wet surface treatment by the wet
processing unit and accordingly processes a surface of the substrate with
a high-pressure surface treatment; and dedicated transportation means
which is disposed between the wet processing unit and the high-pressure
processing unit, and which transports a substrate from the wet processing
unit to the high-pressure processing unit.
The high-pressure fluid used in the present invention is preferably carbon
dioxide because of its safety, price and the easiness in changing into a
supercritical state. Other than carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, nitrogen
monoxide, ethanol or the like may be used. The high-pressure fluid is used
because of its high diffusion coefficient and its capability of extracting
a dissolved contaminant in a medium, and further because the high-pressure
fluid can further penetrate even through very fine patterns due to a
property between gases and liquids. Further, the density of a
high-pressure fluid is close to that of a liquid, and therefore, the
high-pressure fluid can contain a far greater amount of an additive
(chemical agent) than a gas can.
The high-pressure fluid referred to in the present invention is a fluid
whose pressure is 1 MPa or more. The high-pressure fluid is preferably a
fluid which is known to possess a high density, a high solubility, a low
viscosity and a high diffusion capability, and further preferably a fluid
which is in a supercritical or subcritical state. Carbon dioxide may be at
31 degrees Celsius and of 7.1 MPa or more to thereby bring carbon dioxide
into a supercritical state. It is preferable to use a subcritical or
supercritical fluid (high-pressure fluid) of 5 through 30 MPa at a rinsing
step, a drying/developing step and the like during and after cleaning, and
it is further preferable to perform these treatments at 7.1 through 20 MPa
or less. Although the section DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
EMBODIMENTS below will describe an example that a drying process after a
wet development process is executed as a surface treatment using the
high-pressure fluid, a surface treatment is not limited only to a drying
process.
The above and further objects and novel features of the invention will more
fully appear from the following detailed description when the same is read
in connection with the accompanying drawing. It is to be expressly
understood, however, that the drawing is for purpose of illustration only
and is not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a drawing which shows a preferred embodiment of a substrate
processing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a drawing along the A--A line in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic structure of a high-pressure
processing unit of the substrate processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a drawing which shows other preferred embodiment of the substrate
processing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a drawing which shows another preferred embodiment of the
substrate processing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a drawing which shows further preferred embodiment of the
substrate processing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a drawing which shows one example of transportation of substrates
from a developing unit to a high-pressure processing unit;
FIG. 8 is a drawing which shows still other preferred embodiment of the
substrate processing apparatus according to the present invention; and
FIG. 9 is a drawing which shows a conventional substrate processing
apparatus.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 is a drawing which shows a preferred embodiment of a substrate
processing apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a
drawing along the A--A line in FIG. 1. Disposed in this substrate
processing apparatus are an indexer 1, a processing module 2 which is
disposed adjacent to and on one side to the indexer 1, an interface 3
which is disposed adjacent to and on one side to the processing module 2,
and an exposing unit 4 which is disposed adjacent to and on one side to
the interface 3. Of these elements, the indexer 1 is exactly the same in
structure to that of the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. 9, and
therefore, the same structures will be denoted at the same reference
symbols but will not be described again.
As in the conventional apparatus shown in FIG. 9, the processing module 2
comprises a main transportation robot 22 which can move on a main
transportation path 21 which extends long along a direction X
perpendicular to the direction Y, and unit columns 23, 24 which are
disposed on the both sides of the main transportation path 21. In the unit
columns 23, 24, processing units 231 through 233 and 241 through 243 are
respectively arranged facing the main transportation path 21. According to
this embodiment, the processing units 231, 232 and 243 are formed by
developing units which perform a development process while the remaining
processing units 233, 241 and 242 are formed by resist coating units which
coat a resist to surfaces of substrates W.
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, at a position above the main transportation
path 21 and the unit columns 23 and 24, a unit group 25 is disposed which
is for heating, cooling and otherwise processing the substrates W.
There are a high-pressure processing unit 26 and a dedicated transportation
robot 27 disposed for each one of the processing units 231, 232 and 243.
In other words, the high-pressure processing unit 26 is disposed on the
opposite side of the main transportation path 21 to the processing unit
231, while the dedicated transportation robot 27, which transports
substrates W between the processing unit 231 and the high-pressure
processing unit 26, is disposed between the processing units 231 and 26.
In this manner, the main transportation path 21, the processing unit 231,
the dedicated transportation robot 27 and the high-pressure processing
unit 26 are disposed linearly in this order according to this embodiment.
The high-pressure processing units 26 and the dedicated transportation
robots 27 are disposed close to the remaining processing units 232 and 243
as well, in a similar manner to that regarding the processing unit 231.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a schematic structure of the
high-pressure processing units of the substrate processing apparatus shown
in FIG. 1. Such a high-pressure processing unit 26 is a unit which
introduces ethanol as a substitution fluid from an ethanol reservoir 260
via a high-pressure valve V5 into a processing chamber which is formed
inside a pressure vessel 261 to thereby perform alcohol substitution upon
a substrate W which is held in the processing chamber and introduces
supercritical carbon dioxide (high-pressure fluid) as a processing fluid
to thereby execute a predetermined drying process upon alcohol-substituted
substrate W.
The high-pressure processing unit 26 is structured such that while
supercritical carbon dioxide is cyclically used, when carbon dioxide
inside the system decreases as the processing chamber is opened to an
atmospheric pressure or on other occasions, liquid carbon dioxide is
supplied from a steel bottle 262. The steel bottle 262 is connected with a
condenser 263 which is formed by a condenser and the like, so that liquid
carbon dioxide is supplied into the system through the condenser 263. As
described in detail later, the condenser 263 condenses and liquefies
carbon dioxide which is to be cyclically used in the system.
A booster 264 such as a pressure pump is connected to the output side of
the condenser 263, and therefore, high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is
obtained as liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized in the booster 264, and
high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is sent under pressure to the pressure
vessel 261 via a heater 265 and a high-pressure valve V1.
High-pressure liquid carbon dioxide thus sent under pressure is heated by
the heater 265 to a temperature which is suitable to a surface treatment
(drying), accordingly becomes supercritical carbon dioxide and is then
sent to the pressure vessel 261 via the high-pressure valve V1.
A substrate holder (not shown) is disposed inside the pressure vessel 261
to hold the substrates W. After a gate valve (not shown) disposed in a
side surface portion of the pressure vessel 261 is opened and the
dedicated transportation robot 27 loads one substrate W yet to be
processed into the substrate holder via the gate valve, the gate valve is
closed and the surface treatment is carried out as described in detail
later. Meanwhile, after the surface treatment, the gate valve is opened
and the dedicated transportation robot 27 unloads the processed substrate
W. Thus, the high-pressure processing unit 26 is a unit of the so-called
single wafer type which holds one substrate W at a time and performs a
predetermined surface treatment.
Further, in the pressure vessel 261, thus fed processing fluid is let out
toward a surface of the substrate W which is held in the substrate holder.
As a result, the processing fluid contacts the substrate W and the surface
treatment for the surface of the substrate W is executed.
In addition, an exhaust port (not shown) is disposed to the pressure vessel
261, so that the processing fluid or a contaminant which is generated
through a surface treatment inside the processing chamber can be
discharged outside the pressure vessel 261. A gasifier 268 formed by a
decompressor or the like is connected to the exhaust port via a
high-pressure valve V2, and through a decompression process, the fluid
discharged from the processing chamber through the exhaust port is
completely gasified and fed to a separating/reclaiming portion 269. The
separating/reclaiming section 269 performs gas-liquid separation, thereby
obtaining carbon dioxide as a gas component and a chemical fluid component
as a liquid component. The separating/reclaiming section 269 may be a
variety types of apparatuses capable of executing gas-liquid separation,
such as simple distillation, distillation (fraction) and flash separation,
a centrifugal machine, etc.
Thus, this embodiment requires the gasifier 268 to completely gasify the
fluid discharged from the processing chamber before the fluid is fed to
the separating/reclaiming section 269. This is for the case that the
purpose of improving the separation efficiency and the efficiency of
recycling carbon dioxide in the separating/reclaiming section 269, for the
decompressed fluid such as carbon dioxide becomes a mixture of a gas-like
fluid (carbonic acid gas) and a liquid-like fluid (liquefied carbon
dioxide) because of a relationship with a temperature is though about.
The liquid (or solid) component comprised of the chemical fluid component
separated in the separating/reclaiming section 269 is discharged from the
separating/reclaiming section 269, and post-processed in accordance with
necessity. On the other hand, carbon dioxide which is the gas component is
supplied to the condenser 263 to be re-used. Although this embodiment is
directed to the structure that carbon dioxide is re-used, carbon dioxide
may be discharged from the separating/reclaiming section 269 if carbon
dioxide is to be disposed without re-used.
Operations of the substrate processing apparatus having such a structure as
above will now be described. After transported by the indexer robot 14,
the substrate W housed in the cassettes 11 is handed over to the main
transportation robot 22. Receiving the substrate W, the main
transportation robot 22 moves to arrive at the interface 3 or any one of
the processing units 231 through 233 and 241 through 243 and the
processing units which form the unit group 25, and inserts the substrate
W. After processed, the substrate W is unloaded by the main transportation
robot 22 and transported to the next processing unit or the interface 3.
Noting one substrate W, the order of transportation in which the main
transportation robot 22 transports the substrates are as follows:
(1) the resist coating unit: resist coating
(2) the heating unit in the unit group 25: baking
(3) the cooling unit in the unit group 25: cooling
(4) the interface 3: transfer of the substrate to the exposing unit
(5) the heating unit in the unit group 25: baking
(6) the cooling unit in the unit group 25: cooling
(7) the developing unit: development
(8) the heating unit in the unit group 25: post-baking
(9) the cooling unit in the unit group 25: cooling
This is merely one example of the processes. The substrates may be
transported and processed through other processes.
By the way, as the substrate W transported by the main transportation robot
22 arrives at the processing units 231, 232 and 243, a developing fluid is
supplied upon the surface of the substrate W and the development process
is initiated as in the conventional apparatus. Thus, in this embodiment,
the developing unit corresponds to a "wet processing unit" of the present
invention. Further, in this embodiment, the dedicated transportation robot
27 which corresponds to "dedicated transportation means" of the present
invention retrieves the substrate W which is already completely through
the development process and the subsequent rinsing process from the
developing unit at proper timing without any relevancy to the operations
of the main transportation robot 22, and loads the substrate W which now
seating a processing fluid (mainly the rinsing fluid) into the
high-pressure processing unit 26 which is associated with the developing
unit.
The high-pressure processing unit 26 thus receiving the substrate W is an
apparatus in which a controller controls the respective portions of the
apparatus and a drying process is carried out as a high-pressure process
in accordance with a program stored in a memory (not shown) of the
controller in advance. Operations of the high-pressure processing unit 26
is as follows.
First, the gate valve disposed in the side surface portion of the pressure
vessel 261 is opened. One substrate W yet to be processed is loaded in by
the dedicated transportation robot 27 through the gate valve, and as the
substrate W is placed on the substrate holder, the substrate holder holds
the substrate W. As holding of the substrate is completed and the
dedicated transportation robot 27 retreats from the processing chamber,
the gate valve is closed and the high-pressure process is carried out.
Since the substrate W held by the substrate holder is already through the
rinsing process with deionized water in the developing unit, the surface
of the substrate W is wet with deionized water. Noting this, this
embodiment requires to introduce ethanol as a substitution fluid into the
processing chamber from the ethanol reservoir 260 and perform alcohol
substitution.
After substitution, supercritical carbon dioxide is supplied inside the
pressure vessel 261. In other words, liquefied carbon dioxide within the
system is pressurized in the booster 264 to generate high-pressure
liquefied carbon dioxide, and high-pressure liquefied carbon dioxide is
heated in the heater 265, whereby supercritical carbon dioxide is
generated.
Supercritical carbon dioxide is expelled upon the surface of the substrate
W which is held by the substrate holder, and a predetermined drying
process is carried out with supercritical carbon dioxide in contact with
the surface of the substrate W. During the drying step, the high-pressure
valve V2 located on the downstream side to the processing chamber remains
closed. Alternatively, the high-pressure valve V2 may be structured so as
to serve as a pressure adjustment valve which remains open to an adjusted
extent such that the pressure inside the pressure vessel 261 will stay at
a predetermined pressure.
Through this high-pressure process, the processing fluid component (mainly
the rinsing fluid) which used to wet the substrate W gets diffused and
dissolved in supercritical carbon dioxide which exists within the
processing chamber.
As the drying process completes in a predetermined period of time, the
fluid in the processing chamber is discharged. To this end, supercritical
carbon dioxide may be supplied with the high-pressure valves V1, V2 open
so that the fluid will be pushed out, or the fluid may be discharged with
the high-pressure valve V1 close but the high-pressure valve V2 open.
Following this, the high-pressure valve V1 is closed and decompression is
executed, and when the processing chamber returns to the atmospheric
pressure, the gate valve disposed in the side surface portion of the
pressure vessel 261 is opened. The dedicated transportation robot 27 then
unloads the processed substrate W through the gate valve, and the series
of processing (drying process) completes.
The substrate W thus unloaded from the high-pressure processing unit 26 is
transferred to the main transportation robot 22, without loaded into and
processed in the processing units 231, 232 or 234.
As described above, according to the embodiment, with respect to any one of
the processing units 231, 232 and 243, the main transportation path 21,
the processing unit (231, 232 or 243), the dedicated transportation robot
27 and the high-pressure processing unit 26 are disposed linearly in this
order in the direction Y. Hence, the three dedicated transportation robots
27 are away from the main transportation path 21, with the processing
units 231, 232 and 243 respectively located between the robots 27 and the
main transportation path 21. With this arrangement, during transportation
of the substrate W whose surface is wet with the processing fluid to the
high-pressure processing units 26, even if the processing fluid adhering
to the substrate W splashes toward the main transportation path 21 or even
if the processing fluid partially evaporates and leaks toward the main
transportation path 21, there are the processing units 231, 232 and 243
located which the processing fluid must arrive at before reaching the main
transportation path 21. As a result, it is possible to effectively prevent
the main transportation robot 22 which is disposed on the main
transportation path 21 from getting contaminated.
In addition, according to the embodiment above, the main transportation
path 21, the processing unit 231, 232 or 243, the dedicated transportation
robot 27 and the high-pressure processing unit 26 are disposed linearly in
this order so that the processing units 231, 232 and 243 are each
positioned on the shortest courses between the associated dedicated
transportation robots 27 and the main transportation path 21, and
therefore, contamination of the main transportation robot 22 due to the
processing units 231, 232 and 243 is effectively prevented.
The conventional techniques demand time management considering the idle
time of the main transportation robot 22 or the like for transportation of
the substrates W by the main transportation robot 22 among all processing
units. On the other hand, according to the embodiment above, since the
dedicated transportation robots 27 are responsible for transportation of
the substrates W from the processing units 231, 232 and 243 to the
associated high-pressure processing units 26, it is possible to transport
the substrates W from the processing units 231, 232 and 243 to the
associated high-pressure processing units 26 at optimal timing for the
development process without considering the idle time of the main
transportation robot 22 or the like regarding the development process.
Hence, it is possible to simplify the time management work.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, but
may be modified in various fashions other than that described above to the
extent not deviating from the purpose of the invention. For instance,
although the embodiment described above is directed to an application of
the present invention to a substrate processing apparatus in which the
indexer transportation path 13 and the main transportation path 21 define
a T-letter arrangement, the present invention is applicable to such a
substrate processing apparatus shown in FIG. 4 or 5 in which a sub
transportation path 28 is disposed other than the main transportation path
21.
That is, in such a substrate processing apparatus, the two resist coating
units 231 and 232 and the developing units 233 and 234 are disposed facing
the main transportation path 21 on the direction Y side to the main
transportation path 21, thereby forming the unit column 23, and the unit
group 25 for heating, cooling and the like is disposed in an area which is
between the main transportation path 21 and the sub transportation path
28. The main transportation robot 22 which moves on the main
transportation path 21 in the direction X transports the substrates to the
processing units 231 through 234 which belong to the unit column 23,
whereas a sub transportation robot 29 which moves on the sub
transportation path 28 in the direction X transports the substrates to the
processing units which form the unit group 25.
In a substrate processing apparatus having such a structure above as well,
the high-pressure processing units 26 are disposed on the opposite side of
the main transportation path 21 to the processing units 233 and 234 and
the dedicated transportation robots 27 are disposed between the processing
units 233 and 234 and the associated high-pressure processing units 26,
and hence, a similar effect to that according to the embodiment described
above is realized.
Further, although the embodiment described above is an application of the
present invention to a substrate processing apparatus which comprises a
developing unit as the "wet processing unit" of the present invention, the
present invention is not limited to such an application. The present
invention is also applicable generally to a substrate processing apparatus
comprising a wet processing unit, which performs a wet surface treatment
such as etching and cleaning using a processing fluid such as an etching
fluid and a cleaning fluid, and a high-pressure processing unit, which
receives a substrate processed through the wet surface treatment by the
wet processing unit and applies a surface treatment upon a surface of the
substrate with the substrate brought in contact with a high-pressure
fluid, thereby achieving a similar effect to that according to the
preferred embodiment described above.
Any of a development processing unit, etching processing unit, cleaning
processing unit, coating processing unit and the like may be used as the
wet processing unit of the present invention. However, not all substrates,
processed through the wet surface treatment by the wet processing unit,
must be constantly processed through the surface treatment by the
high-pressure processing unit. Therefore, a high-pressure processing unit
may be disposed for the wet processing unit in accordance with necessity.
For instance, in a substrate processing apparatus in FIG. 8, although a
plurality of wet processing units 231, 232 and 233 are disposed on one
side of a main transportation path 21, high-pressure processing units 26
are disposed only for two wet processing units 231 and 232. In this case,
two wet processing units 231 and 232 perform as a preprocessing unit of
the present invention. The present invention is applicable to a substrate
processing apparatus having such a structure above as well, and a similar
effect to that according to the embodiment described above is realized.
Applications of the present invention will now be described.
First, the present invention is applicable to a substrate processing
apparatus which comprises the high-pressure processing unit which executes
drying after wet-etching a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device
for instance.
Second, the present invention is applicable to an apparatus in which a
substrate already through a development process, e.g., development using
an organic solvent, for example is taken out from the developing unit, the
substrate on which the processing fluid stays is then loaded into the
high-pressure processing unit, and a cleaning step, a rinsing step and a
drying step are executed in this order.
Since a high molecular contaminant as well, such as a resist and etching
polymer adhering to the substrate, is removed during the cleaning step,
cleaning is executed with a chemical agent added, considering that a
processing fluid comprised merely of a high-pressure fluid such as carbon
dioxide has only insufficient cleaning capability. With respect to the
chemical agent, a basic compound is preferably used as a cleaning
component. This is because a basic compound has a hydrolysis function of
high molecular substance which is very often used as a resist, and
accordingly achieves effective cleaning. Specific examples of a basic
compound are one or more types of compounds selected from a group
consisting of quaternary ammonium hydroxide, quaternary ammonium fluoride,
alkyl amine, alkanolamine, hydroxyl amine (NH.sub.2 OH) and ammonium
fluoride (NH.sub.4 F). It is preferable that the cleaning component is
contained in the amount of 0.05 through 8 weight percent to the
high-pressure fluid. In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1 which
uses the high-pressure processing apparatus according to the present
invention for the purpose of drying a substrate, xylene, methyl isobutyl
ketone, a quaternary ammonium compound, fluorine-containing polymer or the
like may be added as a chemical agent depending on the property of a
resist which is to be dried.
When the cleaning component such the basic compound as the one described
above is not compatible with the high-pressure fluid, it is preferable to
use, as a second chemical agent, a compatibilizer which can serve as an
auxiliary agent which dissolves or uniformly diffuses the cleaning
component in carbon dioxide. The compatibilizer also has a function of
preventing re-adhesion of contaminant during the rinsing step which is
after completion of the cleaning step.
Although not particularly limited as long as compatibilizing the cleaning
component with the high-pressure fluid, the compatibilizer is preferably
alcohol such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol or alkyl sulfoxides such
as dimethyl sulfoxide. At the cleaning step, the compatibilizer may be
appropriately selected to remain within the range of 10 through 50 percent
by mass to the high-pressure fluid. For this reason, in the high-pressure
processing unit, a mixer 266 is disposed between the pressure vessel 261
and the high-pressure valve V1 as shown in FIG. 8.
Connected with the mixer 266 are two types of chemical agent reservoirs
which store and supply chemical agents which are suitable for surface
treatments of the substrates W, namely, a first chemical agent reservoir
267a and a second chemical agent reservoir 267b respectively through
high-pressure valves V3 and V4. As the high-pressure valves V3 and V4 are
opened and closed under control, a first chemical agent from the first
chemical agent reservoir 267a and a second chemical agent from the second
chemical agent reservoir 267b are supplied, each in a quantity
corresponding to the controlled opening or closing, to the mixer 266, and
the quantities of mixing the chemical agents with supercritical carbon
dioxide are adjusted. Thus, according to this embodiment, it is possible
to selectively prepare "supercritical carbon dioxide," "supercritical
carbon dioxide+first chemical agent," "supercritical carbon dioxide+second
chemical agent" and "supercritical carbon dioxide+first chemical
agent+second chemical agent" as the processing fluid and supply the same
to the processing chamber of the pressure vessel 261. Furthermore, with
the controller (not shown) controlling the high-pressure valves V3 and V4
to open and close in accordance with the contents of the surface
treatments, it is possible to select the type of the processing fluid and
control the densities of the chemical agents.
The cleaning process and the rinsing process are executed in the following
manner in this high-pressure processing unit. That is, the contaminant
which has adhered to the substrate W during the cleaning step is dissolved
in the processing fluid which is in the processing chamber (supercritical
carbon dioxide+first chemical agent+second chemical agent). Assuming that
the first chemical agent is the cleaning component and the second chemical
agent is the compatibilizer, since the contaminant has dissolved in
supercritical carbon dioxide owing to the actions of the cleaning
component (first chemical agent) and the compatibilizer (second chemical
agent), there is a possibility that the dissolved contaminant will
precipitate if supercritical carbon dioxide alone is allowed to flow in
the processing chamber. Hence, it is desirable to execute a first rinsing
step, which uses a first rinsing processing fluid comprised of
supercritical carbon dioxide and the compatibilizer, and a second rinsing
step, which uses a second rinsing processing fluid comprised of only
supercritical carbon dioxide, in this order after the cleaning step.
Noting this, this embodiment requires to close the high-pressure valve V3
and accordingly bring the first chemical agent reservoir 267a into a
supply stop mode as a predetermined period of time elapses since the start
of the supplying of the first and the second chemical agents, i.e., the
start of the cleaning step, and thereafter stop the pressure-feeding of
the first chemical agent (cleaning component) into the mixer 266 from the
first chemical agent reservoir 267a, consequently mix supercritical carbon
dioxide with the compatibilizer in the mixer 266 and prepare the first
rinsing processing fluid, and supply the first rinsing processing fluid to
the processing chamber. At the same time, the high-pressure valve V2 is
opened. This allows the first rinsing processing fluid to flow in the
processing chamber and the cleaning component and the contaminant within
the processing chamber to gradually decrease, eventually leading to a
state that the processing chamber is filled up with the first rinsing
processing fluid (supercritical carbon dioxide+ compatibilizer).
As the first rinsing step is completed, the second rinsing step is carried
out. At the second rinsing step, the high-pressure valve V4 is
additionally closed to bring the second chemical agent reservoir 267b into
the supply stop mode, the pressure-feeding of the second chemical agent
(compatibilizer) from the second chemical agent reservoir 267b is stopped,
and supercritical carbon dioxide alone is supplied to the processing
chamber as the second rinsing processing fluid. The second rinsing
processing fluid consequently flows in the processing chamber, and the
processing chamber gets filled up with the second rinsing processing fluid
(supercritical carbon dioxide).
Following this, the high-pressure valve V1 is closed for decompression, and
drying of the substrate W is executed. After the processing chamber
returns to the atmospheric pressure, the gate valve disposed in the side
surface portion of the pressure vessel 261 is opened. The dedicated
transportation robot 27 then unloads the processed substrate W through the
gate valve, and the series of processing (cleaning process+first
rinsing+second rinsing+drying) completes.
Meanwhile, although the two types of chemical agents are mixed with
supercritical carbon dioxide (high-pressure fluid) to prepare the
processing fluid in the preferred embodiment described above, the types
and the number of the chemical agents and the like may be freely
determined. Further, the chemical agent reservoirs are not necessary if a
surface treatment is to be performed without using a chemical agent.
In addition, although the cleaning process, the first rinsing process, the
second rinsing process and the drying process are executed as surface
processing in the preferred embodiment described above, the content of the
processing is not limited to this. Rather, a surface treatment to follow
the wet surface treatment performed by the wet processing unit may be
executed by the high-pressure processing unit.
Third, the present invention is applicable to an apparatus which a
substrate already through dry etching for example is taken out from for
example is taken out from the cleaning unit, the substrate whose surface
is wet with deionized water or an organic solvent is then transported, and
the
