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Sulfoxides or sulfones grafted onto polymers Number:7,160,955 from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) owispatent

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Title: Sulfoxides or sulfones grafted onto polymers

Abstract: Polymers grafted with a compound of formula I, formula (I) wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1, have outstanding stability against oxidative, thermal, dynamic, light-induced and/or ozone-induced degradation [R.sub.1--SO.sub.m.sub.nR--SO.sub.p--R.sub.2. (I)

Patent Number: 7,160,955 Issued on 01/09/2007 to Meier,   et al.


Inventors: Meier; Hans-Rudolf (Basel, CH), Knobloch; Gerrit (Magden, CH), Rota-Graziosi; Pierre (Mulhouse, FR), Evans; Samuel (Marly, CH), Dubs; Paul (Cham, CH), Gerster; Miche (Birsfelden, CH)
Assignee: Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation (Tarrytown, NY)
Appl. No.: 10/473,848
Filed: March 26, 2002
PCT Filed: March 26, 2002
PCT No.: PCT/EP02/03381
371(c)(1),(2),(4) Date: October 02, 2003
PCT Pub. No.: WO02/081432
PCT Pub. Date: October 17, 2002


Foreign Application Priority Data

Apr 06, 2001 [CH] 0659/01

Current U.S. Class: 525/331.8 ; 525/332.4; 525/333.5; 525/342; 525/343; 525/348; 525/350; 525/351; 525/353
Current International Class: C08F 8/34 (20060101)
Field of Search: 525/386,331.8,332.4,333.5,343,348,350,351,353


References Cited [Referenced By]

U.S. Patent Documents
4021468 May 1977 Lind
4287320 September 1981 Kolb
5258433 November 1993 Meier et al.
6797755 September 2004 Meier et al.
Foreign Patent Documents
0473549 Mar., 1992 EP
922367 Mar., 1963 GB
1135699 Dec., 1968 GB
97/14678 Apr., 1997 WO
WO 01/29126 Apr., 2001 WO

Other References

Derwent Abstract 1994-253082 [31] for JP 6184534 (1994). cited by other.

Primary Examiner: Mullis; Jeffrey
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Suhadolnik; Joseph C.

Claims



What is claimed is:

1. A polymer grafted with a compound of formula I [R.sub.1--SO.sub.m.sub.nR--SO.sub.p--R.sub.2 (I), wherein, when n is 0, R is ##STR00113## or a radical of formula Ill, IV, V. VI, VII, VIII or IX ##STR00114## when n is 1, R is ##STR00115## when n is 2, R is R--CCH.sub.2--O--R.sub.13.sub.3 or ##STR00116## when n is 3, R is CCH.sub.2--O--R.sub.13.sub.4 or ##STR00117## R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 C.sub.25alkyl, ##STR00118## or C.sub.2 C.sub.18hydroxyalkyl, R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 C.sub.25alkyl, ##STR00119## C.sub.2 C.sub.18hydroxyalkyl or a radical of formula Ill or IX, R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkylene, or C.sub.2 C.sub.12alkylene interrupted by oxygen, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.12alkyl interrupted by oxygen or by sulfur; or C.sub.3 C.sub.12alkenyl, R.sub.9 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl or phenyl, R.sub.10 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, phenyl, ##STR00120## R.sub.12 is a direct bond or unsubstituted or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.13 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene or ##STR00121## R.sub.14 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.15 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.16 is hydrogen, cyclohexyl or C.sub.3 C.sub.12alkyl, R.sub.17 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene or ##STR00122## R.sub.18 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl, R.sub.19 is C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.20 is C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.21 is ##STR00123## R.sub.22 is a direct bond or C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.23 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.24 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.25alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.25alkanoyl, ##STR00124## R.sub.25 is C.sub.2 C.sub.18alkylene or C.sub.2 C.sub.18alkylene interrupted by oxygen or by sulfur, R.sub.26 and R.sub.27 are each independently of the other hydrogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl or phenyl, or R.sub.26 and R.sub.27, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkylidene ring that is unsubstituted or substituted by from 1 to 3 C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl groups, R.sub.28 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, R.sub.29 is C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkylene, R.sub.30 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.31 is C.sub.1 C.sub.25alkyl, R.sub.32, R.sub.33, R.sub.34 and R.sub.35 are each independently of the others C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl; or the radicals R.sub.32 and R.sub.33 or the radicals R.sub.34 and R.sub.35, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a C.sub.5 C.sub.12cycloalkylidene ring, R.sub.36 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl, C.sub.3 C.sub.6alkenyl, C.sub.3 C.sub.6alkynyl, C.sub.7 C.sub.12phenylalkyl, C.sub.1 C.sub.8acyl, C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkoxy, C.sub.1 C.sub.18hydroxyalkoxy, C.sub.2 C.sub.18alkenyloxy or C.sub.5 C.sub.12cycloalkoxy, R.sub.37 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, sulfur or C.sub.2 C.sub.8alkylidene, R.sub.38 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkyl or phenyl, R.sub.39 is hydrogen, halogen, --SO--C.sub.1 C.sub.25alkyl or --SO.sub.2--C.sub.1 C.sub.25alkyl, R.sub.40 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or phenyl, R.sub.41 is a direct bond, or unsubstituted or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.42 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, m is 0, 1 or 2, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and p is 1 or 2.

2. A polymer grafted with a compound of formula I, according to claim 1, wherein m or p is 1.

3. A polymer grafted with a compound of formula I, according to claim 1, wherein, when n is 0, R is ##STR00125## or a radical of formula III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII or IX; when n is 1, R is ##STR00126## when n is 2, R is R.sub.28--CCH.sub.2--O--R.sub.13.sub.3 or ##STR00127## when n is 3, R is CCH.sub.2--O--R.sub.13.sub.4 or ##STR00128## R1 is C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl, ##STR00129## or C.sub.2 C.sub.12hydroxyalkyl, R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl, ##STR00130## C.sub.2 C.sub.12hydroxyalkyl or a radical of formula III or IX, R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, or C.sub.2 C.sub.8alkylene interrupted by oxygen, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.8alkyl interrupted by oxygen; or C.sub.3 C.sub.8alkenyl, R.sub.9 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, cyclohexyl, C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl or phenyl, R.sub.10 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, cyclohexyl, C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, phenyl, ##STR00131## R.sub.12 is a direct bond or C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.13 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene or ##STR00132## R.sub.14 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.15 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.16 is hydrogen or C.sub.3 C.sub.12alkyl, R.sub.17 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene or ##STR00133## R.sub.18 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, R.sub.19 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.20 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.21 is ##STR00134## R.sub.22 is a direct bond or C.sub.1 C.sub.6alkylene, R.sub.23 is C.sub.1 C.sub.6alkylene, R.sub.24 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.18alkanoyl, ##STR00135## R.sub.25 is C.sub.2 C.sub.13alkylene, or C.sub.2 C.sub.12alkylene interrupted by oxygen, R.sub.26 and R.sub.27 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, or R.sub.26 and R.sub.27, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkylidene ring, R.sub.28 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.29 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.30 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.31 is C.sub.2 C.sub.18alkyl, R.sub.32, R.sub.33, R.sub.34 and R.sub.35 are each independently of the others C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl; or the radicals R.sub.32 and R.sub.33 or the radicals R.sub.34 and R.sub.35, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a C.sub.5 C.sub.12cycloalkylidene ring, R.sub.36 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl, C.sub.3 C.sub.6alkenyl, benzyl, C.sub.1 C.sub.8acyl, C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkoxy, C.sub.1 C.sub.12hydroxyalkoxy, C.sub.2 C.sub.12alkenyloxy or C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkoxy, R.sub.37 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, sulfur or C.sub.2 C.sub.4alkylidene, R.sub.38 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.6alkyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl, R.sub.39 is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, --SO--C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl or --SO.sub.2--C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl, R.sub.40 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.6alkyl or phenyl, R.sub.41 is a direct bond or C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.42 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, cyclohexyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, m is 0, 1 or 2, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and p is 1 or 2.

4. A polymer grafted with a compound of formula I, according to claim 1, wherein, when n is 0, R is ##STR00136## or a radical of formula III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII or IX; when n is 1, R is ##STR00137## when n is 2, R is R.sub.28--CCH.sub.2--O--R.sub.13.sub.3 or ##STR00138## when n is 3, R is CCH.sub.2--O--R.sub.13.sub.4 or ##STR00139## R.sub.1 is C.sub.4 C.sub.18alkyl, ##STR00140## or C.sub.2 C.sub.8hydroxyalkyl, R.sub.2 is C.sub.4 C.sub.18alkyl, ##STR00141## C.sub.2 C.sub.8hydroxyalkyl or a radical of formula III or IX, R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or C.sub.3 C.sub.8alkenyl, R.sub.9 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, cyclohexyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.10 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, cyclohexyl, C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, ##STR00142## R.sub.12 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene; R.sub.13 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene or ##STR00143## R.sub.14 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.15 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.16 is C.sub.3 C.sub.8alkyl, R.sub.17 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene or ##STR00144## R.sub.18 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, R.sub.19 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.20 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.21 is ##STR00145## R.sub.22 is C.sub.1 C.sub.6alkylene, R.sub.23 is C.sub.1 C.sub.6alkylene, R.sub.24 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.12alkanoyl, ##STR00146## R.sub.25 is C.sub.2 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.26 and R.sub.27 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, or R.sub.26 and R.sub.27, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a cyclohexylidene ring, R.sub.28 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.29 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.30 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.31 is C.sub.4 C.sub.18alkyl, R.sub.32, R.sub.33, R.sub.34 and R.sub.35 are each independently of the others C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl; or the radicals R.sub.32 and R.sub.33 or the radicals R.sub.34 and R.sub.35, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a cyclohexylidene ring, R.sub.36 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, benzyl, C.sub.1 C.sub.8acyl, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkoxy, C.sub.2 C.sub.8hydroxyalkoxy, C.sub.3 C.sub.8alkenyloxy or cyclohexyloxy, R.sub.37 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene or C.sub.2 C.sub.4alkylidene, R.sub.38 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl or cyclohexyl, R.sub.39 is hydrogen, chlorine, --SO--C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl or --SO.sub.2--C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl, R.sub.40 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.41 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.42 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, cyclohexyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, m is 0, 1 or 2, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and p is 1 or 2.

5. A polymer grafted with a compound of formula I, according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is a natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic polymer.

6. A polymer grafted with a compound of formula I, according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is a polyolefin, styrene copolymer or elastomer.

7. A composition comprising a) a polymer, which is subject to oxidative, thermal, dynamic, light-induced and/or ozone-induced degradation and which has been grafted, according to claim 1, and b) as additive, at least one compound selected from the group pigments, dyes, fillers, flow improvers, dispersing agents, plasticisers, vulcanisation activators, vulcanisation accelerators, vulcanisation agents, charge control agents, adhesion promoters, antioxidants and light stabilisers.

8. A composition according to claim 7, comprising, as component (b), a phenolic antioxidant, an amine-type antioxidant, an organic phosphite or phosphonite and/or thiodipropionic acid dilauryl ester or thiodipropionic acid distearyl ester.

9. A composition according to claim 7, wherein component (b) is present in an amount of from 0.01 to 10%, based on the weight of component (a).

10. A method of stabilising a polymer against oxidative, thermal, dynamic, light-induced and/or ozone-induced degradation, which comprises grafting the polymer with at least a compound of formula I according to claim 1.

11. A method of grafting a compound of formula I according to claim 1 onto a polymer, which comprises heating, in a processing apparatus for polymers, a mixture of polymer and at least one compound of formula I according to claim 1 above the softening point of the polymer and allowing them to react with one another.
Description



The present invention relates to sulfoxides or sulfones grafted onto polymers and to compositions comprising such novel grafted polymers and further additives. The present invention relates also to novel sulfoxides and sulfones and to a method of stabilising polymers against oxidative, thermal, dynamic, light-induced and/or ozone-induced degradation using sulfoxides or sulfones and to a method of grafting sulfoxides or sulfones onto polymers.

A customary method of stabilising and modifying polymers and their properties is reactive extrusion. In that method, additives are added to the thermoplastic polymer during extrusion in order to modify the properties of the polymer. That can be accomplished, for example, by grafting an unsaturated compound onto the polymer. Such reactive grafting processes are customarily performed by the combined use of an unsaturated compound and a peroxide as a free-radical-former. When the polymer is modified with functional monomers, for example maleic anhydride, copolymers are obtained that are used as compatibilisers (compatibility promoters) or adhesion promoters.

Current methods have crucial disadvantages, however, which are attributable to the use of peroxides as free-radical-formers. Whilst undesirable subsidiary reactions influence the processing characteristics of the polymers (depending on the type of polymer used there may occur, for example, cross-linking/gel formation or polymer degradation), reaction products of the peroxide and peroxide residues cause a deterioration in the long-term stability of the polymer. Furthermore, considerable safety precautions have to be taken in the case of polymer processing with the addition of peroxides.

WO-A-97/14678 discloses a specific group of N-acylated compounds which may also contain a sulfoxide group. Those compounds are suitable for grafting onto substrates containing free double bonds (page 4, line 15).

The known grafting agents do not in every respect satisfy the high requirements expected of a grafting agent, especially in respect of storage stability, water absorption, sensitivity to hydrolysis, stabilisation during processing, long-term stabilisation, colour characteristics, volatility, migration characteristics, compatibility and light stabilisation. There is therefore still a need for effective grafting agents for polymers that are sensitive to oxidative, thermal, dynamic, light-induced and/or ozone-induced degradation.

It has now been found that a specific group of sulfoxides or sulfones are especially well suited as grafting agents for polymers that are sensitive to oxidative, thermal, dynamic, light-induced and/or ozone-induced degradation.

The present invention accordingly relates to polymers grafted with a compound of formula I [R.sub.1--SO.sub.m.sub.nR--SO.sub.p--R.sub.2 (1) wherein, when n is 0, R is C.sub.1 C.sub.25alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.18hydroxyalkyl,

##STR00001## or a radical of formula II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII or IX

##STR00002## when n is 1, R is C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkylene,

##STR00003## when n is 2, R is R.sub.28--CCH.sub.2--O--R.sub.13.sub.3 or

##STR00004## when n is 3, R is CCH.sub.2--O--R.sub.13.sub.4 or

##STR00005## R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 C.sub.25alkyl,

##STR00006## or C.sub.2 C.sub.18hydroxyalkyl, R.sub.2 is C.sub.25alkyl,

##STR00007## C.sub.2 C.sub.18hydroxyalkyl or a radical of formula III or IX, R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkylene, or C.sub.2 C.sub.18alkylene interrupted by oxygen or by sulfur, R.sub.4 is hydroxy, C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkoxy, or C.sub.3 C.sub.18alkoxy interrupted by oxygen or by sulfur, R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkylene, or C.sub.2 C.sub.12alkylene interrupted by oxygen, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.12alkyl interrupted by oxygen or by sulfur; or C.sub.3 C.sub.12alkenyl, R.sub.9 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl or phenyl, R.sub.10 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, phenyl,

##STR00008## R.sub.11 is a direct bond or unsubstituted or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.12 is a direct bond or unsubstituted or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.13 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene or

##STR00009## R.sub.14 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.15 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.16 is hydrogen, cyclohexyl or C.sub.3 C.sub.12alkyl, R.sub.17 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene or

##STR00010## R.sub.18 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl or a radical of formula II, R.sub.19 is C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.20 is C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.21 is

##STR00011## R.sub.22 is a direct bond or C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.23 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.24 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.25alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.25alkanoyl,

##STR00012## C.sub.25 is C.sub.2 C.sub.18alkylene or C.sub.2 C.sub.18alkylene interrupted by oxygen or by sulfur, R.sub.26 and R.sub.27 are each independently of the other hydrogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl or phenyl, or R.sub.26 and R.sub.27, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkylidene ring that is unsubstituted or substituted by from 1 to 3 C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl groups, R.sub.28 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, R.sub.29 is C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkylene, R.sub.30 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.31 is C.sub.1 C.sub.25alkyl, R.sub.32, R.sub.33, R.sub.34 and R.sub.35 are each independently of the others C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl; or the radicals R.sub.32 and R.sub.33 or the radicals R.sub.34 and R.sub.35, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a C.sub.5 C.sub.12cycloalkylidene ring, R.sub.36is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl, C.sub.3 C.sub.6alkenyl, C.sub.3 C.sub.6alkynyl, C.sub.7 C.sub.12phenylalkyl, C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkoxy, C.sub.1 C.sub.18hydroxyalkoxy, C.sub.2 C.sub.18alkenyloxy or C.sub.5 C.sub.12cycloalkoxy, R.sub.37 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, sulfur or C.sub.2 C.sub.8alkylidene, R.sub.38 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkyl or phenyl, R.sub.39 is hydrogen, halogen, --SO--C.sub.1 C.sub.25alkyl or --SO.sub.2--C.sub.1 C.sub.25alkyl, R.sub.40 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or phenyl, R.sub.41 is a direct bond, or unsubstituted or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.1 C.sub.6alkylene, R.sub.42 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, m is 0, 1 or 2, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and p is 1 or 2.

Alkyl containing up to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical, for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, n-nonyl, tert-nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methyl-undecyl, n-dodecyl, tert-dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl or eicosyl.

Hydroxyalkyl containing from 2 to 18 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical containing preferably from 1 to 3, especially 1 or 2, hydroxy groups, for example hydroxyethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 5-hydroxypentyl, 4-hydroxypentyl, 3-hydroxypentyl, 2-hydroxypentyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 5-hydroxyhexyl, 4-hydroxyhexyl, 3-hydroxyhexyl, 2-hydroxyhexyl, 7-hydroxyheptyl, 6-hydroxyheptyl, 5-hydroxyheptyl, 4-hydroxyheptyl, 3-hydroxyheptyl, 2-hydroxyheptyl, 8-hydroxyoctyl, 7-hydroxyoctyl, 6-hydroxyoctyl, 5-hydroxyoctyl, 4-hydroxyoctyl, 3-hydroxyoctyl, 2-hydroxyoctyl, 9-hydroxynonyl, 10-hydroxydecyl, 11-hydroxyundecyl, 12-hydroxydodecyl, 13-hydroxytridecyl, 14-hydroxytetradecyl, 15-hydroxypentadecyl, 16-hydroxyhexadecyl, 17-hydroxyheptadecyl, 18-hydroxyoctadecyl or 20-hydroxyeicosyl. A preferred meaning of R is C.sub.2 C.sub.12hydroxyalkyl, especially C.sub.2 C.sub.8hydroxyalkyl, for example hydroxyethyl.

Unsubstituted or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkylene containing preferably from 1 to 3, especially 1 or 2, branched or unbranched alkyl group radicals, is a branched or unbranched radical, for example methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, heptamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene, dodecamethylene or octadecamethylene.

C.sub.2 C.sub.18Alkylene interrupted by oxygen or by sulfur is, for example, --CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--S--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--S--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.2O--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.2O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.3O--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.4O--CH.sub.2-- or --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.4O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--.

Alkoxy containing up to 18 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical, for example methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, decyloxy, tetradecyloxy, hexadecyloxy or octadecyloxy. Preference is given to alkoxy containing from 1 to 12, especially from 1 to 8, for example from 1 to 6, carbon atoms.

C.sub.2 C.sub.18Alkoxy interrupted by oxygen or by sulfur is, for example, CH.sub.3--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O--, CH.sub.3--S--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O--, CH.sub.3--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O--, CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.2O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O--, CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.3O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O-- or CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.4O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O--.

C.sub.2 C.sub.12Alkyl interrupted by oxygen or by sulfur is, for example, CH.sub.3--O--CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3--S--CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2--S--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.2O--CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3CH.sub.2--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.2O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.3O--CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.4O--CH.sub.2-- or CH.sub.3CH.sub.2--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.4O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--.

Alkenyl containing from 3 to 12 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical, for example propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, isobutenyl, n-2,4-pentadienyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, n-2-octenyl, n-2-dodecenyl or isododecenyl.

C.sub.5 C.sub.8Cycloalkyl is, for example, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl. Preference is given to cyclohexyl.

C.sub.7 C.sub.12Phenylalkyl is, for example, benzyl, .alpha.-methylbenzyl, .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl or 6-phenylhexyl. Preference is given to benzyl and .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl.

Alkanoyl containing from 2 to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical, for example acetyl, propionyl, butanoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl, octanoyl, nonanoyl, decanoyl, undecanoyl, dodecanoyl, tridecanoyl, tetradecanoyl, pentadecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, heptadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, eicosanoyl or docosanoyl.

An unsubstituted or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5 C.sub.12cycloalkylidene ring containing preferably from 1 to 3, especially 1 or 2, branched or unbranched alkyl group radicals, is, for example, cyclopentylidene, methylcyclopentylidene, dimethylcyclopentylidene, cyclohexylidene, methylcyclohexylidene, dimethylcyclohexylidene, trimethylcyclohexylidene, tert-butylcyclohexylidene, cycloheptylidene or cyclooctylidene. Preference is given to cyclohexylidene.

Alkynyl containing from 3 to 6 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical, for example propynyl

##STR00013## 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl or n-2-hexynyl.

Acyl containing up to 8 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical, for example formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butanoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyloxy, heptanoyl or octanoyl.

Hydroxyalkoxy containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical containing preferably from 1 to 3, especially 1 or 2, hydroxy groups, for example hydroxyethoxy, 3-hydroxypropoxy, 2-hydroxypropoxy, 4-hydroxybutoxy, 3-hydroxybutoxy, 2-hydroxybutoxy, 5-hydroxypentyloxy, 4-hydroxypentyloxy, 3-hydroxypentyloxy, 2-hydroxypentyloxy, 6-hydroxyhexyloxy, 5-hydroxyhexyloxy, 4-hydroxyhexyloxy, 3-hydroxyhexyloxy, 2-hydroxyhexyloxy, 7-hydroxyheptyloxy, 6-hydroxyheptyloxy, 5-hydroxyheptyloxy, 4-hydroxyheptyloxy, 3-hydroxyheptyloxy, 2-hydroxyheptyloxy, 8-hydroxyoctyloxy, 7-hydroxyoctyloxy, 6-hydroxyoctyloxy, 5-hydroxyoctyloxy, 4-hydroxyoctyloxy, 3-hydroxyoctyloxy, 2-hydroxyoctyloxy, 9-hydroxynonyloxy, 10-hydroxydecyloxy, 11-hydroxyundecyloxy, 12-hydroxydodecyloxy, 13-hydroxytridecyloxy, 14-hydroxytetradecyloxy, 15-hydroxypentadecyloxy, 16-hydroxyhexadecyloxy, 17-hydroxyheptadecyloxy or 18-hydroxyoctadecyl.

Alkenyloxy containing from 2 to 18 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical, for example vinyloxy, propenyloxy, 2-butenyloxy, 3-butenyloxy, isobutenyloxy, n-2,4-pentadienyloxy, 3-methyl-2-butenyloxy, n-2-octenyloxy, n-2-dodecenyloxy, isododecenyloxy, oleyloxy, n-2-octadecenyloxy or n-4-octadecenyloxy. Preference is given to alkenyloxy containing from 3 to 18, especially from 3 to 12, for example from 3 to 6, more especially 3 or 4, carbon atoms.

C.sub.5 C.sub.12Cycloalkoxy is, for example, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, cycloheptyloxy, cyclooctyloxy, cyclononyloxy, cyclodecyloxy, cycloundecyloxy or cyclododecyloxy. Preference is given to cyclohexyloxy.

Alkylidene containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms is, for example, ethylidene, propylidene, butylidene, pentylidene, 4-methylpentylidene, heptylidene, octylidene, tridecylidene, 1-methylethylidene, 1-ethylpropylidene or 1-ethylpentylidene.

Halogen is, for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Preference is given to chlorine.

Of interest are polymers grafted with a compound of formula I wherein m or p is 1.

Preference is given to polymers grafted with a compound of formula I wherein, when n is 0, R is C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.12hydroxyalkyl,

##STR00014## or a radical of formula II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VII or IX; when n is 1, R is C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkylene,

##STR00015## when n is 2, R is R.sub.28--CCH.sub.2--O--R.sub.13.sub.3 or

##STR00016## when n is 3, R is CCH.sub.2--O--R.sub.13.sub.4 or

##STR00017## R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl,

##STR00018## or C.sub.2 C.sub.12hydroxyalkyl, R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl,

##STR00019## C.sub.2 C.sub.12hydroxyalkyl or a radical of formula III or IX, R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkylene, or C.sub.2 C.sub.12alkylene interrupted by oxygen, R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkoxy, or C.sub.3 C.sub.12alkoxy interrupted by oxygen, R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, or C.sub.2 C.sub.8alkylene interrupted by oxygen, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.8alkyl interrupted by oxygen; or C.sub.3 C.sub.8alkenyl, R.sub.9 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, cyclohexyl, C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl or phenyl, R.sub.10 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, cyclohexyl, C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, phenyl,

##STR00020## R.sub.11 is a direct bond or C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.12 is a direct bond or C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.13 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene or

##STR00021## R.sub.14 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.15 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.16 is hydrogen or C.sub.3 C.sub.12alkyl, R.sub.17 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene or

##STR00022## R.sub.18 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or a radical of formula II , R.sub.19 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.20 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.21 is

##STR00023## R.sub.22 is a direct bond or C.sub.1 C.sub.6alkylene, R.sub.23 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.24 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.18alkanoyl,

##STR00024## R.sub.25 is C.sub.2 C.sub.13alkylene, or C.sub.2 C.sub.12alkylene interrupted by oxygen, R.sub.26 and R.sub.27 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, or R.sub.26 and R.sub.27, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkylidene ring, R.sub.28 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.29 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.30 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.31 is C.sub.2 C.sub.18alkyl, R.sub.32, R.sub.33, R.sub.34 and R.sub.35 are each independently of the others C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl; or the radicals R.sub.32 and R.sub.33 or the radicals R.sub.34 and R.sub.35, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a C.sub.5 C.sub.12cycloalkylidene ring, R.sub.36 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl, C.sub.3 C.sub.6alkenyl, benzyl, C.sub.1 C.sub.8acyl, C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkoxy, C.sub.1 C.sub.12hydroxyalkoxy, C.sub.2 C.sub.12alkenyloxy or C.sub.5 C.sub.8cycloalkoxy, R.sub.37 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, sulfur or C.sub.2 C.sub.4alkylidene, R.sub.38 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.6alkyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl, R.sub.39 is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, --SO--C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl or --SO.sub.2--C.sub.1 C.sub.18alkyl, R.sub.40 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.6alkyl or phenyl, R.sub.41 is a direct bond or C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.42 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, cyclohexyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, m is 0, 1 or 2, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and p is 1 or 2.

Preference is given also to polymers grafted with a compound of formula I wherein,

when n is 0,

R is C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.8hydroxyalkyl,

##STR00025## or a radical of formula II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII or IX; when n is 1, R is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene,

##STR00026## when n is 2, R is R.sub.28--CCH.sub.2--O--R.sub.13.sub.3 or

##STR00027## when n is 3, R is CCH.sub.2--O--R.sub.13.sub.4 or

##STR00028## R.sub.1 is C.sub.4 C.sub.18alkyl,

##STR00029## or C.sub.2 C.sub.8hydroxyalkyl, R.sub.2 is C.sub.4 C.sub.18alkyl,

##STR00030## C.sub.2 C.sub.8hydroxyalkyl or a radical of formula III or IX, R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkoxy, R.sub.5 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are each independently of the others hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or C.sub.3 C.sub.8alkenyl, R.sub.9 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, cyclohexyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.10 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, cyclohexyl, C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl,

##STR00031## R.sub.11 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8 alkylene, R.sub.12 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene; R.sub.13 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene or

##STR00032## R.sub.14 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.15 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.16 is C.sub.3 C.sub.8alkyl, R.sub.17 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene or

##STR00033## R.sub.18 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, R.sub.19 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.20 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, R.sub.21 is

##STR00034## R.sub.22 is C.sub.1 C.sub.6 alkylene, R.sub.23 is C.sub.1 C.sub.6alkylene, R.sub.24 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl, C.sub.2 C.sub.12alkanoyl,

##STR00035## R.sub.25 is C.sub.2 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.26 and R.sub.27 are each independently of the other hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, or R.sub.26 and R.sub.27, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a cyclohexylidene ring, R.sub.28 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.29 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.30 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene, R.sub.31 is C.sub.4 C.sub.18alkyl, R.sub.32, R.sub.33, R.sub.34 and R.sub.35 are each independently of the others C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl; or the radicals R.sub.32 and R.sub.33 or the radicals R.sub.34 and R.sub.35, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a cyclohexylidene ring, R.sub.36 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, benzyl, C.sub.1 C.sub.8acyl, C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkoxy, C.sub.2 C.sub.8hydroxyalkoxy, C.sub.3 C.sub.4alkenyloxy or cyclohexyloxy, R.sub.37 is C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkylene or C.sub.2 C.sub.4alkylidene, R.sub.38 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl or cyclohexyl, R.sub.39 is hydrogen, chlorine, --SO--C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl or --SO.sub.2--C.sub.1 C.sub.12alkyl, R.sub.40 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.41 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkylene, R.sub.42 is C.sub.1 C.sub.8alkyl, cyclohexyl or C.sub.7 C.sub.9phenylalkyl, m is 0, 1 or 2, n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and p is 1 or 2.

The compounds of formula I are prepared, for example, by oxidation of the corresponding sulfides using peroxides. The corresponding sulfides are, in some cases, known from the literature or can be prepared in analogy to, for example, the examples given in U.S. Pat. No. 3,954,839.

Oxidation using peroxides is carried out preferably in the presence of a suitable protic or aprotic solvent, for example acetone.

The reaction is carried out at temperatures of, for example, from 0 to 60.degree. C., especially from room temperature to 45.degree. C.

A suitable and especially preferred oxidising agent is, for example, hydrogen peroxide.

The oxidation of sulfides using an oxidising agent such as, for example, hydrogen peroxide may also result in sulfoxides or sulfones which, when n=1, have been oxidised at only one sulfur, thereby giving rise to mixtures of compounds that either are oxidised at the sulfur in question or are not. Any conceivable permutation is possible. Those mixtures are likewise suitable as grafting agents for polymers for the purpose of protecting the latter against oxidative, thermal, dynamic, light-induced and/or ozone-induced degradation.

Suitable polymers that may be grafted with a compound of formula I are, for example:

1. Polymers of mono- and di-olefins, for example polypropylene, polyisobutylene, poly-butene-1, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polyvinylcyclohexane, polyisoprene or polybutadiene and also polymerisates of cycloolefins, for example of cyclopentene or norbornene; and also polyethylene (which may optionally be cross-linked), for example high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density polyethylene of high molecular weight (HDPE-HMW), high density polyethylene of ultra-high molecular weight (HDPE-UHMW), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), (VLDPE) and (ULDPE).

Polyolefins, that is to say polymers of monoolefins, as mentioned by way of example in the preceding paragraph, especially polyethylene and polypropylene, can be prepared by various processes, especially by the following methods: a) by free radical polymerisation (usually at high pressure and high temperature); b) by means of a catalyst, the catalyst usually containing one or more metals of group IVb, Vb, VIb or VIII. Such metals generally have one or more ligands, such as oxides, halides, alcoholates, esters, ethers, amines, alkyls, alkenyls and/or aryls, which may be either .pi.- or .sigma.-coordinated. Such metal complexes may be free or fixed to carriers, for example to activated magnesium chloride, titanium(III) chloride, aluminium oxide or silicon oxide. Such catalysts may be soluble or insoluble in the polymerisation medium. The catalysts can be active as such in the polymerisation or further activators may be used, for example metal alkyls, metal hydrides, metal alkyl halides, metal alkyl oxides or metal alkyl oxanes, the metals being elements of group(s) Ia, IIa and/or IIIa. The activators may be modified, for example, with further ester, ether, amine or silyl ether groups. Such catalyst systems are usually known as Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocene or Single Site Catalysts (SSC).

2. Mixtures of the polymers mentioned under 1), for example mixtures of polypropylene with polyisobutylene, polypropylene with polyethylene (for example PP/HDPE, PP/LDPE) and mixtures of different types of polyethylene (for example LDPE/HDPE).

3. Copolymers of mono- and di-olefins with one another or with other vinyl monomers, for example ethylene/propylene copolymers, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and mixtures thereof with low density polyethylene (LDPE), propylene/butene-1 copolymers, propylene/isobutylene copolymers, ethylene/butene-1 copolymers, ethylene/hexene copolymers, ethylene/methylpentene copolymers, ethylene/heptene copolymers, ethylene/-octene copolymers, ethylene/vinylcyclohexane copolymers, ethylene/cycloolefin copolymers, for example ethylene/norbornene (COC), ethylene/1-olefin copolymers wherein the 1-olefin is prepared in situ; propylene/butadiene copolymers, isobutylene/isoprene copolymers, ethylene/vinylcyclohexene copolymers, ethylene/alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene/alkyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers and salts thereof (ionomers), and also terpolymers of ethylene with propylene and a diene, such as hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylidenenorbornene; and also mixtures of such copolymers with one another and with polymers mentioned under 1), for example polypropylene-ethylene/propylene copolymers, LDPE-ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, LDPE-ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers, LLDPE-ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, LLDPE-ethylene/acrylic acid copolymers and alternately or randomly structured polyalkylene-carbon monoxide copolymers and mixtures thereof with other polymers, for example polyamides.

4. Hydrocarbon resins (for example C.sub.5 C.sub.9) including hydrogenated modifications thereof (for example tackifier resins) and mixtures of polyalkylenes and starch.

Homopolymers and copolymers according to 1. ) to 4. ) can have a syndiotactic, isotactic, semi-isotactic or atactic stereo structure; preference is given to atactic polymers. Stereoblock polymers are also included.

5. Polystyrene, poly(p-methylstyrene), poly(.alpha.-methylstyrene).

6. Aromatic homopolymers and copolymers derived from vinyl-aromatic monomers, for example styrene, .alpha.-methylstyrene, all isomers of vinyltoluene, for example p-vinyltoluene, all isomers of ethylstyrene, propylstyrene, vinylbiphenyl, vinylnaphthalene, vinylanthracene and mixtures thereof; homopolymers and copolymers can have a syndiotactic, isotactic, semi-isotactic or atactic stereo structure; preference is given to atactic polymers. Stereoblock polymers are also included.

6a. Copolymers including the already mentioned vinyl-aromatic monomers and comonomers selected from ethylene, propylene, dienes, nitriles, acids, maleic anhydrides, maleic acid amides, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and acrylic acid derivatives and mixtures thereof, for example styrene/butadiene, styrene/acrylonitrile, styrene/ethylene (interpolymers), styrene/alkyl methacrylate, styrene/butadiene/alkyl acrylate and methacrylate, styrene/maleic anhydride, styrene/acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate; high-impact-strength mixtures consisting of styrene copolymers and another polymer, for example a polyacrylate, a diene polymer or an ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymer; and also block copolymers of styrene, for example styrene/butadiene/styrene, styrene/isoprene/styrene, styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene or styrene/ethylene-propylene/styrene.

6b. Hydrogenated aromatic polymers prepared by hydrogenation of the polymers mentioned under 6. ), especially polycyclohexylethylene (PCHE), often also referred to as polyvinylcyclohexane (PVCH), which is prepared by hydrogenation of atactic polystyrene.

6c. Hydrogenated aromatic polymers prepared by hydrogenation of the polymers mentioned under 6a.).

Homopolymers and copolymers can have a syndiotactic, isotactic, semi-isotactic or atactic stereo structure; preference is given to atactic polymers. Stereoblock polymers are also included.

7. Graft copolymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers, for example styrene on polybutadiene, styrene on polybutadiene/styrene or polybutadiene/acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene and acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on polybutadiene; styrene and maleic anhydride on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride or maleic acid imide on polybutadiene; styrene and maleic acid imide on polybutadiene, styrene and alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates on polybutadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile on ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymers, styrene and acrylonitrile on polyalkyl acrylates or polyalkyl methacrylates, styrene and acrylonitrile on acrylate/butadiene copolymers, and mixtures thereof with the copolymers mentioned under 6), such as those known, for example, as so-called ABS, MBS, ASA or AES polymers.

8. Halogen-containing polymers, for example polychloroprene, chlorinated rubber, chlorinated and brominated copolymer of isobutylene/isoprene (halobutyl rubber), chlorinated or chlorosulfonated polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene and chlorinated ethylene, epichlorohydrin homo- and co-polymers, especially polymers of halogen-containing vinyl compounds, for example polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride; and copolymers thereof, such as vinyl chloride/vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride/vinyl acetate.

9. Polymers derived from .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated acids and derivatives thereof, such as polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, and polymethyl methacrylates, polyacrylamides and polyacrylonitriles impact-resistant-modified with butyl acrylate.

10. Copolymers of the monomers mentioned under 9) with one another or with other unsaturated monomers, for example acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymers, acrylonitrile/alkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile/alkoxyalkyl acrylate copolymers, acrylonitrile/vinyl halide copolymers or acrylonitrile/alkyl methacrylate/butadiene terpolymers.

11. Polymers derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or their acyl derivatives or acetals, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, stearate, benzoate or maleate, polyvinylbutyral, polyallyl phthalate, polyallylmelamine; and the copolymers thereof with olefins mentioned in Point 1.

12. Homo- and co-polymers of cyclic ethers, such as polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide or copolymers thereof with bisglycidyl ethers.

13. Polyacetals, such as polyoxymethylene, and also those polyoxymethylenes which contain comonomers, for example ethylene oxide; polyacetals that are modified with thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates or MBS.

14. Polyphenylene oxides and sulfides and mixtures thereof with styrene polymers or polyamides.

15. Polyurethanes derived from polyethers, polyesters and polybutadienes having terminal hydroxyl groups on the one hand and aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates on the other hand, and their initial products.

16. Polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and/or from aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams, such as polyamide 4, polyamide 6, polyamide 6/6, 6/10, 6/9, 6/12, 4/6, 12/12, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, aromatic polyamides derived from m-xylene, diamine and adipic acid; polyamides prepared from hexamethylenediamine and iso- and/or tere-phthalic acid and optionally an elastomer as modifier, for example poly-2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene terephthalamide or poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide; block copolymers of the above-mentioned polyamides with polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ionomers or chemically bonded or grafted elastomers, or with polyethers, for example with polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polytetramethylene glycol; also polyamides or copolyamides modified with EPDM or ABS; and polyamides condensed during processing ("RIM polyamide systems").

17. Polyureas, polyimides, polyamide imides, polyether imides, polyester imides, polyhydantoins and polybenzimidazoles.

18. Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols and/or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, poly-1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polyalkylene naphthalate (PAN) and polyhydroxybenzoates, and also block polyether esters derived from polyethers with hydroxyl terminal groups; and also polyesters modified with polycarbonates or MBS.

19. Polycarbonates and polyester carbonates.

20. Polyketones.

21. Polysulfones, polyether sulfones and polyether ketones.

22. Cross-linked polymers derived from aldehydes on the one hand and phenols, urea or melamine on the other hand, such as phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins.

23. Drying and non-drying alkyd resins.

24. Unsaturated polyester resins derived from copolyesters of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols, and also vinyl compounds as cross-linking agents, and also the halogen-containing modifications thereof that are not readily combustible.

25. Cross-linkable acrylic resins derived from substituted acrylic acid esters, e.g. from epoxy acrylates, urethane acrylates or polyester acrylates.

26. Alkyd resins, polyester resins and acrylate resins that are cross-linked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates, isocyanurates, polyisocyanates or epoxy resins.

27. Cross-linked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic glycidyl compounds, e.g. products of diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A, diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol F, that are cross-linked using customary hardeners, e.g. anhydrides or amines with or without accelerators.

28. Natural polymers, such as cellulose, natural rubber, gelatin, and polymer-homologously chemically modified derivatives thereof, such as cellulose acetates, propionates and butyrates, and the cellulose ethers, such as methyl cellulose; and also colophony resins and derivatives.

29. Mixtures (polyblends) of the afore-mentioned polymers, for example PP/EPDM, polyamide/EPDM or ABS, PVC/EVA, PVC/ABS, PVC/MBS, PC/ABS, PBTP/ABS, PC/ASA, PC/PBT, PVC/CPE, PVC/acrylates, POM/thermoplastic PUR, PC/thermoplastic PUR, POM/acrylate, POM/MBS, PPO/HIPS, PPO/PA 6.6 and copolymers, PA/HDPE, PA/PP, PA/PPO, PBT/PC/ABS or PBT/PET/PC.

30. Natural and synthetic organic substances that are pure monomeric compounds or mixtures thereof, for example mineral oils, animal or vegetable fats, oils and waxes, or oils, waxes and fats based on synthetic esters (for example phthalates, adipates, phosphates or trimellitates), and admixtures of synthetic esters with mineral oils in any weight ratios, as used, for example, as spin-coating preparations, and aqueous emulsions thereof.

31. Aqueous emulsions of natural or synthetic rubbers, for example natural rubber latex or latexes of carboxylated styrene/butadiene copolymers.

Of special interest are natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic polymers, for example polyolefins, styrene copolymers and elastomers.

Especially preferred polyolefins are polyethylene and polypropylene.

Elastomers are to be understood as macromolecular materials that at room temperature after considerable deformation under low stress are capable of returning rapidly to virtually their original shape. See also Hans-Georg Elias, "An Introduction to Polymer Science", Chapter 12. "Elastomers", pages 388 393, 1997, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, Germany; or "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Fifth, Completely Revised Edition, Volume A 23", pages 221 440 (1993).

The compounds of formula I are added to the polymer to be grafted in an amount of, advantageously, from 0.05 to 10%, for example from 0.1 to 5%, preferably from 0.5 to 3.0%, based on the weight of the polymer to be grafted.

The ungrafted or grafted polymers may additionally comprise further additives, for example the following:

1. Antioxidants

1.1. Alkylated monophenols, for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(.alpha.-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, linear nonylphenols or nonylphenols branched in the side-chain, e.g. 2,6-dinonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)-phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)-phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridec-1'-yl)-phenol and mixtures thereof.

1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenols, for example 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctyl-thiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-didodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.

1.3. Hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones, for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) adipate.

1.4. Tocopherols, for example .alpha.-tocopherol, .beta.-tocopherol, .gamma.-tocopherol, .delta.-tocopherol and mixtures thereof (Vitamin E).

1.5. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, for example 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide.

1.6. Alkylidene bisphenols, for example 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis-[4-methyl-6-(.alpha.-methylcyclohexyl)-phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(.alpha.-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(.alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-dicyclopentadiene, bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphe- ny] terephthalate, 1,1-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecyl-mercaptobutane- , 1,1,5,5-tetra(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.

1.7. O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds, for example 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl mercaptoacetate.

1.8. Hydroxybenzylated malonates, for example dioctadecyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, dioctadecyl 2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)malonate, didodecylmercaptoethyl 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, di-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydrox- ybenzyl)malonate.

1.9. Hydroxybenzyl aromatic compounds, for example 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.

1.10. Triazine compounds, for example 2,4-bisoctylmercapto-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-anilino)-1,3,5-triazi- ne, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-tria- zine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-tr- iazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-tri- azine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate.

1.11. Benzylphosphonates, for example dimethyl 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl 5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, calcium salt of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid monoethyl ester.

1.12. Acylaminophenols, for example 4-hydroxylauric acid anilide, 4-hydroxystearic acid anilide, N-(3,5di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamic acid octyl ester.

1.13. Esters of .beta.-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or poly-hydric alcohols, for example with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, isooctanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

1.14. Esters of .beta.-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or poly-hydric alcohols, for example with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, isooctanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3,9-bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}1,1-dime- thylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane.

1.15. Esters of .beta.-(3.5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or poly-hydric alcohols, for example with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

1.16. Esters of 3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with mono- or poly-hydric alcohols, for example with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalic acid diamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

1.17. Amides of .beta.-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, for example N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazide), N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]-propionyloxy)ethyl]-oxa- mide (Naugard.RTM.XL-1 from Uniroyal).

1.18. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).

1.19. Amine-type antioxidants, for example N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulfonamido)-diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated diphenylamine, for example p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octadecanoylaminophenol, di(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,2-di[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-di(phenylamino)propane, (o-tolyl)-biguanide, di[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, mixture of mono- and di-alkylated tert-butyl-/tert-octyl-diphenylamines, mixture of mono- and di-alkylated nonyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and di-alkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono-and di-alkylated isopropyl-/isohexyl-diphenylamines, mixtures of mono- and di-alkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, mixture of mono- and di-alkylated tert-butyl-/tert-octyl-phenothiazines, mixture of mono- and di-alkylated tert-octylphenothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine or N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene.

2. UV Absorbers and Light Stabilisers

2.1. 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazoles, for example 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl)-benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)-benzotriazole, 2-


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Linkgrinder is a free service that searches the Internet and indexes all files found so that you may search quickly and easily for shared files. These files are created and made available individually by users whose identity we are not aware of and who we have no control over. In essence we function like a search engine tool; these files ARE NOT STORED OR SERVED BY OUR NETWORK. We are not responsible for any materials obtained by using our service. We do not monitor any of the contents of these files. These files may contain viruses, illegal materials, materials inappropriate for minors, offensive files and the like. BY USING OUR SERVICE, YOU ASSUME FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR DOWNLOADING THESE MATERIALS AND WILL INDEMNIFY US FOR ANY DAMAGES THAT MAY BE INCURRED.

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