Title: Tunnel cladding
Abstract: The application relates to a device for air spinning, i.e., for the manufacture of a spun yarn from a sliver. The device contains in particular a fiber guide element, a fiber conveying channel, and an eddy chamber housing attached to the fiber guide element. The eddy chamber housing contains in its turn a spindle with a yarn guide channel arranged at a distance interval from the fiber guide element. In addition, the eddy chamber housing contains a fluid device with at least one jet nozzle for the production of an eddy current about an inlet aperture mouth of the yarn guide channel. The fiber conveying channel exhibits a tunnel cladding, which is dimensioned in such a way that at the end of the fiber conveying channel a step to the eddy chamber housing is formed.
Patent Number: 7,024,848 Issued on 04/11/2006 to Stalder, et al.
| Inventors:
|
Stalder; Herbert (Kollbrunn, CH);
Wüst; Olivier (Seuzach, CH)
|
| Assignee:
|
Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG (Winterthur, CH)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
392284 |
| Filed:
|
March 19, 2003 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
| Current U.S. Class: |
57/315; 57/350 |
| Current Intern'l Class: |
D01H 7/00 (20060101) |
| Field of Search: |
57/333,350,400
|
References Cited [Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
| 5295349 | Mar., 1994 | Okamoto.
| |
| 5419110 | May., 1995 | Mikami et al.
| |
| 5528895 | Jun., 1996 | Deno.
| |
| 5647197 | Jul., 1997 | Imamura.
| |
| 5927062 | Jul., 1999 | Deno et al.
| |
| 6679044 | Jan., 2004 | Anderegg.
| |
| 6782685 | Aug., 2004 | Bischofberger et al.
| |
| Foreign Patent Documents |
| 3810860 | Nov., 1988 | DE.
| |
Other References
EPO Search Report, May 30, 2003.
|
Primary Examiner: Calvert; John J.
Assistant Examiner: Hurley; Shaun R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Dority & Manning, P.A.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A spinning device for spinning a yarn from a sliver of fibers, said device comprising;
an eddy chamber housing forming an eddy chamber wherein a fluid flows;
a spindle extending into said eddy chamber, said spindle defining an inlet aperture
mouth through which said sliver is receivable as said sliver is being spun into
said yarn and a yarn guide channel through which said yarn is movable;
at least one jet nozzle having an aperture defined therethrough disposed within
said eddy chamber housing, said jet nozzle having said aperture that is openable
into said eddy chamber and supplying said fluid into said eddy chamber that creates
an eddy flow around said inlet aperture mouth of said spindle;
a fiber guide element proximal to said inlet aperture mouth of said spindle within
said eddy chamber housing, said fiber guide element having a fiber guide surface
for conveying said sliver into said eddy chamber towards said inlet aperture mouth
of said spindle and a face surface which delimits said eddy chamber;
a tunnel cladding disposed around said fiber guide element, said tunnel cladding
forming a fiber conveying channel with said fiber guide element wherethrough said
fiber guide surface of said fiber guide element extends; and
said tunnel cladding extending into said eddy chamber and forming a step within
said eddy chamber housing, said step having a deflection guide surface for deflecting
fluid emerging from said aperture of said at lest one jet nozzle.
2. A spinning device as in claim 1, wherein said at least one jet nozzle is disposed
at an inclination angle within said eddy chamber housing.
3. A spinning device for spinning a yarn from a sliver of fibers, said device comprising;
an eddy chamber housing forming an eddy chamber wherein a fluid flows:
a spindle extending into said eddy chamber, said spindle defining an inlet aperture
mouth through which said sliver is receivable as said sliver is being spun into
said yarn and a yarn guide channel through which said yarn is movable;
at least one jet nozzle having an aperture defined therethrough disposed within
said eddy chamber housing, said jet nozzle having said aperture that is openable
into said eddy chamber and supplying said fluid into said eddy chamber that creates
an eddy flow around said inlet aperture mouth of said spindle and said jet nozzle
being disposed at an inclination angle within said eddy chamber housing;
a fiber guide element proximal to said inlet aperture mouth of said spindle within
said eddy chamber housing, said fiber guide element having a fiber guide surface
for conveying said sliver into said eddy chamber towards said inlet aperture mouth
of said spindle and a face surface which delimits said eddy chamber;
a tunnel cladding disposed around said fiber guide element, said tunnel cladding
forming a fiber conveying channel with said fiber guide element wherethrough said
fiber guide surface of said fiber guide element extends;
said tunnel cladding extending into said eddy chamber and forming a step within
said eddy chamber housing, said step having a deflection guide surface for deflecting
fluid emerging from said aperture of said at lest one jet nozzle; and
wherein said face surface of said fiber guide element exhibits about the same
angle as said inclination angle of said at least one jet nozzle and extends into
said eddy chamber.
4. A spinning device as in claim 2, wherein said face surface of said fiber guide
element exhibits a greater angle than said inclination angle of said at least one
jet nozzle and extends into said eddy chamber.
5. A spinning device as in claim 2, wherein said deflection guide surface of
said step of said tunnel cladding exhibits about the same angle as said face surface
of said fiber guide element.
6. A spinning device as in claim 1, wherein said deflection guide surface of
said step of said tunnel cladding is flush with said aperture of said at least
one jet nozzle.
7. A spinning device as in claim 3, wherein said angle of said face surface of
said fiber guide element and said inclination angle of said at least one jet nozzle
is about 45° to 88°.
8. A spinning device as in claim 3, wherein said angle of said face surface of
said fiber guide element and said inclination angle of said at least one jet nozzle
is about 58° to 75°.
9. A spinning device for spinning a yarn from a sliver of fibers, said device comprising;
an eddy chamber housing forming an eddy chamber wherein a fluid flows;
a spindle extending into said eddy chamber, said spindle defining an inlet aperture
mouth through which said sliver is receivable as said sliver is being spun into
said yarn and a yarn guide channel through which said yarn is movable;
at least one jet nozzle having an aperture defined therethrough disposed within
said eddy chamber housing, said jet nozzle having said aperture that is openable
into said eddy chamber and supplying said fluid into said eddy chamber that creates
an eddy flow around said inlet aperture mouth of said spindle;
a fiber guide element proximal to said inlet aperture mouth of said spindle within
said eddy chamber housing, said fiber guide element having a fiber guide surface
for conveying said sliver into said eddy chamber towards said inlet aperture mouth
of said spindle and a face surface which delimits said eddy chamber;
a tunnel cladding disposed around said fiber guide element, said tunnel cladding
forming a fiber conveying channel with said fiber guide element wherethrough said
fiber guide surface of said fiber guide element extends;
said tunnel cladding extending into said eddy chamber and forming a step within
said eddy chamber housing, said step having a deflection guide surface for deflecting
fluid emerging from said aperture of said at lest one jet nozzle; and
wherein said tunnel cladding has a thickness of about 0.1 to 3 mm.
10. A spinning device as in claim 9, wherein said tunnel cladding has a thickness
of about 0.5 mm.
11. A spinning device as in claim 1, wherein said eddy chamber housing comprises
a circular inner surface defining a portion of said eddy chamber, and said at least
one jet nozzle passing tangentially flush through said eddy chamber housing and
into said eddy chamber.
12. A spinning device as in claim 1, wherein a longitudinal axis of said aperture
formed by at least one of said at least one jet nozzle is about parallel to the
fiber guide surface of said fiber guide element.
13. A spinning device as in claim 1, wherein a longitudinal axis of said aperture
formed by at least one of said at least one jet nozzle intersects with a zenith
point of a cross-section of said eddy chamber housing.
14. A spinning device as in claim 1, wherein three jet nozzles are disposed in
a rotationally symmetrical arrangement within said eddy chamber housing.
15. A spinning device as in claim 1, wherein four jet nozzles are disposed in
a rotationally symmetrical arrangement within said eddy chamber housing.
16. A spinning device as in claim 1, wherein said fiber guide surface of said
fiber guide element exhibits a deflection point which causes a deflection of said
sliver as said sliver travels over said fiber guide surface.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a device for the manufacture of a spun yarn
or thread from a staple sliver.
Devices are known in the textile art that are used for air spinning processes.
Such a device is disclosed, for example, by Specification EP 854 214 (equivalent
to U.S. Pat. No. 5,927,062), which is shown in FIG. 1. It can be seen how a sliver
1 is delivered from a pair of delivery rollers
2 (in most cases a
drafting device) and runs through a fiber guide element
3.
1. The
fiber guide element
3.
1 exhibits a fiber conveying channel
4
with a helically-shaped fiber guide surface
5, whereby this ends at a fiber
delivery edge
6. Arranged at a certain distance from the fiber guide element
3.
1, and from the fiber delivery edge
6 respectively, is a
spindle
7 with a yarn guide channel
8 and an inlet aperture mouth
9 allocated to the yarn guide channel
8. Between the fiber guide
element
3.
1 and the inlet aperture mouth
9 is a fluid device
for generating an eddy current around the inlet aperture mouth
9 (fluid
device not shown). The fluid device generates an eddy current
11 around
the inlet aperture mouth
9, and around the spindle
7, respectively,
in the area
14. FIG. 1 shows the air spinning device in diagrammatic form
only. The space
14 is normally enclosed by a housing and can therefore be
designated as an eddy chamber (
14.
1, see following Figures). As a
fluid, compressed air is usually used. Due to the eddy current
11 which
is created, the free fiber ends
12 of the sliver
1 lie around the
inlet aperture mouth
9. As a result of the movement of the sliver
1
in the direction of the arrow, a relative rotating movement of the free fiber ends
12 is created around the inlet aperture mouth
9, and, as a result,
around the sliver
1. From the sliver
1, a spun yarn
10 is
accordingly derived.
The present invention is concerned with the guidance of the fluid (air) flowing
out of the fluid device. It is concerned in particular with the area of the eddy
chamber
14.
1 in the immediate vicinity of the outlet apertures for
the fluid.
A further instance of the prior art, according to Japanese Specification JP 3-10
63 68, is shown in FIGS. 2 and 2
a. In FIG. 2, essentially the same components
are shown as in FIG. 1 (with one change, see FIG. 2
a). In particular, the
pair of delivery rollers
2 and the spindle
7 with the yarn guide
channel
8 can be identified. By analogy with FIG. 1, a fluid device creates
an eddy current here also. In this situation, the fluid device consists of several
jet nozzles
13.
1. The jet nozzles consist as a rule of cylindrical
holes, or apertures, from which the fluid (air is preferred) is introduced under
pressure into the eddy chamber
14.
1. The eddy chamber
14.
1
has a circular cross-section. As a result of the direction of flow created by the
arrangement of the holes and due to the circular cross-section of the eddy chamber
14.
1, the compressed air flowing in creates an eddy flow around the
inlet aperture mouth
9 of the spindle
7. As can be seen from FIG.
2, the fiber guide element
3.
1 includes a casing jacket
3a,
which also forms the fiber conveying channel
4. Connected directly to this
Figure, the fluid device (represented by the holes or jet nozzles
13.
1)
is integrated into the casing jacket of the fiber guide element
3a.
In the device shown, the eddy chamber housing
15 and the casing jacket of
the fiber guide element
3a are two separate components. It is, however,
entirely possible, and known from the prior art, for both components to be designed
also as one element (as a single piece). Whether these elements are designed as
single pieces or as separate components is not of significance to the present application.
In FIG. 2
a, the fiber guide elements
3.
1 of FIG. 2 is shown
in a three-dimensional view. By contract with FIG. 1, the fiber guide elements
3.
1 in FIG. 2 does not exhibit a helical but rather a flat fiber
guide surface
5.
1. A further difference between this and FIG. 1 les
in the absence of a fiber delivery edge. Instead of the fiber delivery edge, the
fiber guide elements part
3b exhibits a truncated cone shape. The
purpose of this cone
3b is to produce what is referred to as a false
yarn core.
The intention of this is to prevent a false twist (incorrect rotation of the
sliver) from the inlet aperture mouth
9 extending backwards through the
fiber guide element
3.
1 as far as against the clamping gap of the
par of delivery rollers
2 (referred to as twist stop). A false twist prevents
a correct twist or rotation of the free fiber ends about the (untwisted) yarn core.
In the event of a false twist, the core of the sliver rotates with the free fiber
ends and prevents the spinning of the fibers. With the prior art according to FIG.
1, the twist stop is achieved by the helical shaped fiber guide surface
5,
which is intended to render impossible the rotation of the sliver
1 towards
the delivery rollers
2.
Another instance of prior art which relates to the device according to the
invention is to be found in a patent application from Applicants still unpublished
at the time of this application (International Application Number: PCT-CH-01-00569).
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A principal object of the present invention is the improvement of the flow conditions
in the eddy chamber and, therefore, an improvement of the yarn values of the yarn
which is produced. In particular, it is intended that the area of the eddy chamber
in the immediate vicinity of the outlet apertures of the jet nozzles should be
improved in terms of flow technology. Additional objects and advantages of the
invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious
from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.
The principal object of the invention is achieved by a fiber conveying channel
exhibiting a tunnel cladding which is shaped in such a way that, at the end of
the fiber conveying channel, a shoulder to the eddy housing is formed. The front
face of the shoulder serves as a deflection guide surface for the fluid, which
emerges from a jet nozzle.
Experiments with air spinning devices designed in accordance with the
invention have surprisingly shown that the air inflow through the fiber conveying
channel with a tunnel cladding and an appropriately designed step arrangement,
as well as a favorable design of the face surface of the fiber guide element delimiting
the eddy chamber, can effect an increase of up to 50% in the inflowing air volume.
Further experiments have shown that the unexpected improvements in the flow conditions
are attributable to two different effects. On the one hand, the reduction of the
cross-section of the fiber conveying channel due to the tunnel cladding produces
the unexpected effect of increasing air volume flowing through. On the other, a
deliberate arrangement of the step of the tunnel cladding to the eddy chamber housing
has the effect of a substantial improvement in the flow conditions in the chamber
itself. The deliberate design of the step as baffle plate has an unexpected effect
on the air (or other fluid) emerging from the jet nozzles. This design incurs an
improvement in the flow conditions in the eddy chamber, as well as an improvement
in the flow conditions in the fiber conveying channel. The face surface of the
fiber guide element which delimits the eddy chamber can likewise be designed in
such a way that is serves as a deflection guide surface for the eddy flow. In a
further embodiment of the invention, the face surface can be designed in such a
way that it, at least, does not disturb the eddy flow (due to the fact that the
face surface exhibits a greater inclination than the direction of flow of the emergent
fluid). In both cases the adaptation of the face surface also improves the effect
according to the invention.
Due to the increased air flow and the air throughput (quantity per time unit),
respectively, through the fiber conveying channel the fiber guidance occurs between
the delivery rollers and the entrance to the fiber conveying channel (see FIG.
1 or 2). The increased air flow through the fiber conveying channel "sucks"
the continuous strip of loose staple fibers more intensively into the fiber conveying
channel. The individual fibers in the sliver are better aligned by this flow, and
the sliver is less inclined to "flutter" before running into the fiber conveying
channel (caused by the air flow around the rotating delivery rollers). The number
of production interruptions caused by breaks in the sliver immediately after the
delivery rollers can be reduced by the arrangements according to the invention.
Likewise, a measurable improvement in the yarn quality can also be determined.
The invention is further explained hereinafter on the basis of embodiments represented
in the Figures, whereby the invention is not restricted to the embodiments shown
in the examples.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows prior art from Specification EP 854 214;
FIGS. 2 and 2
a show prior art according to JP 3-10 63 68;
FIG. 3 shows a first cross-sectional view of embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3
a shows a first sectional view of the device as seen along section
I—I according to embodiment shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 3
b shows a second sectional view of the embodiment as seen along
section II—II according to FIG. 3;
FIG. 3
c shows a fiber guide element and half-shell of a tunnel cladding;
FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4
a shows a sectional view as seen along section I—I of the
embodiment shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a further possible embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 shows a diagrammatic representation of the spinning process; and
FIGS. 7, 7
a, 7
b, 8 and 8
a show
further embodiments of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Reference will now be made in detail to the presently preferred embodiment
of the invention, one or more examples of which are shown in the figures. Each
example is provided to explain the invention and not as a limitation of the invention.
In fact, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used
with another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. It is intended that
the present invention cover such modifications and variations.
FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of the invention. The intention is to explain
approximately the means of effect according to the invention on the basis of this
drawing. In FIG. 3 a fiber guide element
3 can be identified, which is surrounded
by a tunnel cladding
17 in the form of a hollow cylinder. The tunnel cladding
17 can be single-piece or multi-piece, preferably two-piece. A fiber conveying
channel
4 is surrounded by the tunnel cladding
17. The tunnel cladding
17 is shaped in such a way that, at the end of the fiber conveying channel
4, a step
18 is provided to an eddy chamber housing
15. The
face surface of the step
18 serves as a deflection guide surface for the
fluid (not shown) emerging from a jet nozzle
13.
1. The outlet apertures,
or holes, of the jet nozzles
13.
1 release the fluid (normally air)
into an eddy chamber
14.
1 exhibit an elliptical shape (see FIG. 3).
In this first embodiment of the invention, the fiber guide element
3 and
the tunnel cladding
17 pertaining to it are integrated in the eddy chamber
housing
15. As is shown in the following Figures, the eddy chamber housing
15 does not necessarily also have to encompass the fiber guide element
3
and its tunnel cladding
17. The two latter elements can also exhibit their
own housing, which delimits the eddy chamber housing
15 (see, for example,
FIG. 7). In FIG. 3, the spindle
7 with its yarn guidance channel
8
can also be seen. FIG. 3
a shows the cross-section of the device according
to the invention from FIG. 3 according to the section I—I. It can be seen
in this cross-section that the device exhibits four individual jet nozzles
13.
1.
The invention is not restricted solely to being used on devices with four jet nozzles.
This means that it can also be used with less or more than four jet nozzles. It
can also be readily seen from FIG. 3 how the jet nozzles
13.
1 exhibit
an inclination angle α in the direction of the conveying of the fiber (material
flow direction
19). The inclination angle α may exhibit a value from
about 45° to 88°, but, preferably, the inclination angle to the material
flow direction
19 amounts to about 70°. The inclination angle of the
face surface of the step
18 to the direction of the material flow in this
first embodiment likewise exhibits the same value (about 70°). In this first
embodiment of the invention, it can also be readily appreciated how the face surface
20 of the fiber guide element
3 delimiting the eddy chamber
14.
1
has the same inclination angle to the direction of material flow
19 as the
apertures of the jet nozzles
13.
1. The inclination angle of the apertures
corresponds to the direction of flow of the emerging fluid. FIG. 3
b shows
a section of this first embodiment according to the invention, according to the
section lines II—II. It can be particularly well appreciated here how the
face surface
20 of the fiber guide element
3 in the eddy chamber
is flush with the face surface of the step
18. It can be further identified
from FIG. 3
a that the holes
13.
1 are arranged rotationally symmetrical.
FIG. 3
c shows a plan view of the fiber guide element
3. It can
be readily identified in this that the face surface
20 of the fiber guide
element
3 delimiting the eddy chamber exhibits a conical-shaped surface.
The conical-shaped face surface
20 is intersected by a surface which forms
the fiber delivery edge
6. From FIG. 3
c, it can be readily appreciated
that the face surface
20, with the appropriate design, can have a corresponding
effect on the flow in the eddy chamber. Preferably, the face surface
20
accordingly features the same or a larger inclination angle based on the direction
of the material flow than the direction of flow of the emerging air (or fluid).
As a result of this, the face surface
20 can serve as a guide surface for
the emerging fluid, or at least has not interfering effect on the eddy flow. In
this Figure, a perspective view, a half-shell of the tunnel cladding
17.
1
is also represented. The tunnel cladding can be a single piece or, as represented
here, can consist of two half-shells (upper half-shell not represented). Preferably,
the face surface of the step
18 and the face surface
20 exhibit the
same inclination angle, with the result that both surfaces are flush with one another.
As is explained in FIG. 4, however, the face surface
20 can also exhibit
a different (greater or smaller) inclination angle than the surface
18.
In FIG. 4, an embodiment is shown in which the face surface
21 of the
fiber
guide element
3 exhibits a greater, i.e., steeper, inclination in the direction
of the material flow
19 than in the flow direction of the fluid (exhibits
inclination angle α). The surface
21 exhibits a greater (steeper)
inclination angle to the material flow
19 than the apertures of the jet
nozzles
13.
1. In addition, the surface
21 is flat and not
conical-shaped. Due to the steeper angle of the face surface
21, this surface
has a different effect on the eddy flow. Depending on the application situation,
it may transpire to be favorable for this variant of the face surface or another
inclination angle to be selected. In addition to the greater (steeper) inclination
of the face surface
21, in comparison with the embodiment of the preceding
Figures, the surface of the face surface
21 of the fiber guide element
3
in the eddy chamber is also not conical-shaped. This is derived in particular from
FIG. 4
a, which represents a sectional view according to the section line
I—I of FIG. 4.
FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the invention. The device in FIG. 5 differs
in relation to the preceding devices due to the fiber guide element
22.
In this case too, the face surface
20 of the fiber guide element
22
in the eddy chamber exhibits the same inclination angle as the jet nozzles
13.
1
(inclination angle α). The face surface of the step
18 exhibits the
same inclination angle, with the result that the surfaces
18 and
20
form a flush conical-shaped surface. Experiments have shown that it is most favourable
if the surface
18 and
20 exhibit the same inclination angle and are
located flush with one another. Preferably they also exhibit the same inclination
angle as the jet nozzles.
Variants are also conceivable, however, with which (by contrast with FIG.
4) the face surface of the fiber guide element in the eddy chamber exhibits a lesser
inclination angle than the step
18 (not shown in the Figures).
Which variant is the most favorable depends on the individual application situation
(e.g. on the type of yarn). The idea of the invention therefore also comprises
in general the possibility of the surface
18 and
20 exhibiting different
inclination angles. In this context, these concepts are not restricted to the variant
shown in FIG. 5.
The fiber guide element
22 of FIG. 5 exhibits a deflection point
23.
The deflection point
23 is designed as an edge, but other types of deflection
points can also be used. The remaining elements of the Figure correspond to the
preceding description, as a result of which they are not described in greater detail.
The means of effect of the deflection point
23 is explained in the following
FIG. 6. Experiments have revealed that, in addition to the use of the step
18
as a deflection guide surface for the air and the adaptation of the face surface
20, also particularly good results can be achieved regarding yarn quality
with the use of a deflection point
23.
FIG. 6 attempts to explain approximately the means of effect of the deflection
point
23. A more precise explanation of the means of function of such deflection
points can be derived from the patent application by Applicants CH 0235/02, still
unpublished at the time of this present application. The fiber guide element
22
with the deflection point guides a sliver
24 with a flat arrangement of
the fibers in the direction of a spindle
7. At the deflection point
23,
the free fiber ends
25 of the fibers in the sliver
24 can be raised
(represented by way of example). It can be seen that the free fiber ends
25
encompass both the front as well as the rear fiber ends (corresponding to the fibers
extending to left or right of the deflection point
23). For example, it
can be recognized how the sliver
24, after passing the deflection point
23 exhibits more free fiber ends at or on the surface of the sliver
24.
The deflection point accordingly increases the number of free fiber ends on or
in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the sliver. These free fiber ends can
therefore be better acquired by an eddy flow
11 (or more free fiber ends
are acquired, respectively,) and laid around the inlet aperture mouth
9.
In this way, more free fiber ends can be spun, or more of what are referred to
as cover fibers are produced, which inherently improves the spinning process and
the quality. The spun yarn
10 accordingly has a higher proportion of cover
fibers and, therefore, greater strength than yarns from spinning devices without
deflection points.
FIGS. 7,
7a, and
7b show different embodiments
for the design of the step of the tunnel cladding. In all three Figures, it can
be seen that the eddy chamber housing
15 connects to a housing
32
for the fiber guide element and the tunnel cladding. For the invention, it is irrelevant
whether the eddy chamber housing
15 also comprises the housing
32
or whether there are two separate housings which connect to one another. The invention
is capable of application in both cases.
The variant which is shown in FIG. 7 has a tunnel cladding
26 which is
shaped in such a way that located at the end of the fiber conveying channel
4
is a step
29 with an inclination angle β. Preferably, the tunnel cladding
26 has a thickness a which falls within the range from 0.1 to 3 mm. Advantageously,
the thickness a of the tunnel cladding amounts to 0.5 mm. It can be seen how the
aperture of the jet nozzle
13.
1 is arranged in the immediate vicinity
of the face side of the step
29 in the eddy chamber housing
15. The
step
29 in this context is arranged so close to the opening of the jet nozzle
13.
1 that its face side serves as a deflection guide surface for
the emerging flow. It can be seen in the Figure how the step
29 is arranged
flush with the aperture. The aperture is likewise arranged flush with the inner
surface or casing jacket surface of the eddy chamber
14.
1, so that
the aperture of the jet nozzle
13.
1 runs "tangentially flush" into
the inner side of the eddy chamber housing
15, or tangentially into the
eddy chamber
14.
1 respectively. Not identifiable in the Figure is
the fact that the jet nozzle
13.
1 can exhibit an inclination angle
α to the direction of the material flow (see preceding Figures). The inclination
angle α of the jet nozzle to the direction of the material flow can be used
in a range from about 45° to 88°, preferably, in a range from about 58°
to 75°. Advantageously, however, inclination angles to the material flow direction
of α are used which are equal to about 60° or 70° (by relation
to the angle α of the preceding Figures). The inclination angle β of
the face side of the step
29 can exhibit a value which differs from the
inclination angle α. The most-suitable inclination angle β can be best
determined empirically for the specific application concerned. Experiments have
revealed that in most cases an inclination angle β is suitable which exhibits
the same value as the angle α. The invention, however, makes provision for
the use of different angles.
The fact that the step can be arranged flush with the apertures can be identified
particularly well from FIG. 7
b. In this case, a tunnel cladding
27
exhibits a step
30 with a face side which even exhibits an inclination angle
of 90°. The face side of the step can, however, also be flush if the inclination
angle does not amount to 90° (see, for example, FIG. 7).
The fact that the apertures of the jet nozzles can also exhibit a distance interval
to the step of the tunnel cladding is shown, for example, in FIG. 7
a. A
tunnel cladding
28 in FIG. 7
a exhibits a step
31, which (measured
from the foot of the step) exhibits a distance interval d to the geometrical mid-point
of the hole
13.
1.
The thinking of the invention can be particularly well identified from the comparison
of the steps shown in FIGS. 7,
7a and
7b. The idea
is for a step or a surface (
29,
30,
31) to be provided in
the indirect or direct vicinity of the outlet apertures of the fluid device
13.
1,
which severs as a deflection guide surface for the emerging fluid (air). These
deflection guide surfaces "conduct" the emerging flow or eddy flow in a suitable
manner, so that the eddy current is optimally adapted to the requirements. The
important point is that the steps (
29,
30,
31) of the tunnel
claddings (
26,
27,
28), or possibly also the face surfaces
of the fiber guide elements turned towards the eddy chamber
14.
1
or delimiting it, conduct the eddy flow in a suitable manner. This is an important
functional feature of the invention. The most suitable shape and arrangement of
the step is to be selected for the individual application situation. The step can
therefore be arranged flush with a corresponding inclination angle or at an appropriate
distance interval to the outlet aperture of the jet nozzle
13.
1.
The most favorable variant is to be determined empirically in the specific application
instance (e.g., as a function of the type or quality of the yarn which is to be
produced). The aim in any event is for the step or also the face surface of the
fiber guide element to be used as a deflection guide surface and, therefore, for
optimum flow conditions or eddy currents, respectively, for the yarn formation
to be achieved. The deliberate use of these surfaces as deflection guide surfaces
for the eddy flow achieves marked improvements in the spinning process. Even though
devices are known from the prior art which exhibit eddy chambers with steps (see,
for example, FIG. 2), the principle was not hitherto known of designing such steps
as deflection guide surfaces. Such steps known from the prior art were hitherto
contained, for production engineering reasons, in the eddy chambers, or at least
never had the function or placement according to the present invention.
FIGS. 8 and 8
a show preferred arrangements of jet nozzles
13.
1.
The two Figures correspond to the cross-section I—I from FIG. 3, with correspondingly
adjusted aperture arrangements (in comparison with the arrangement of FIG. 3).
It can readily be seen that the eddy chamber housing exhibits a circular inner
surface and the aperture of each jet nozzle
13.
1 runs "tangentially
flush" into the inner surface of the eddy chamber housing. The invention can naturally
also be applied to devices in which the apertures do not run tangentially into
the cross-section of the eddy chamber housing. FIGS. 8 and 8
a therefore
show only preferred embodiments for the implementation of the invention. FIG. 8
shows a variant in which the longitudinal axis of the aperture
33 of one
jet nozzle
13.
1 runs parallel to the fiber guide surface
16.
The tangential and flush transitions from the aperture to the circular inner surface
of the eddy chamber accordingly takes place at the zenith point
34. Advantageously,
the fluid device in the eddy chamber housing exhibits in total three or four rotationally
symmetrical jet nozzles
13.
1.
FIG. 8
a shows four jet nozzles arranged rotationally symmetrical. By
contrast to FIG. 8, however, the apertures are arranged rotated about the longitudinal
axis of the device (compare with FIG. 8). Accordingly, the aperture
33 of
the one jet nozzle can also be arranged in such a manner that its longitudinal
axis
35 passes through the casing surface of the eddy chamber at the zenith
point
34.
The aperture
33 of the one jet nozzle can also be arranged in an area
between the two latter positions. Preferably, several jet nozzles are used, which
are arranged or distributed rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis
of the device (see FIG. 8 or
8a).
The invention is suitable in particular for devices for air spinning, whereby
air is used preferably as the fluid.
The invention is not restricted to the possibilities and embodiments explicitly
referred to here. The variants described and shown are intended more as inspiration
for the person skilled in the art to apply the idea of the invention in the most
favorable manner possible for the individual situation. Accordingly, further advantageous
arrangements and combinations can be easily derived from the embodiments described,
which likewise reproduce the thinking of the invention and which are intended to
be protected by this application. It is intended that the present invention include
such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims
and their equivalents.
*
