Title: Variable reluctance resolver
Abstract: A variable reluctance resolver is provided with an output winding having a reduced effect from externally introduced leakage magnetic flux. A variable reluctance resolver is provided with a resolver excitation winding and a resolver output winding wrapped around multiple stator magnetic poles which respectively output rotary angle X and Y components as a rotor turns. Windings are wound such that the polarities of output voltages on output windings wound around a row of three or more stator magnetic poles will be the same; all of the output windings are divided into an even number, two or greater, of groups, and output windings are serially connected in such a way that adjacent group output voltage polarities mutually differ. Also, the number of turns inside the aforementioned groups is wound so that the number of turns of output windings positioned on each of the adjacent group sides is smaller than the number of turns of the output windings positioned on the inside of the aforementioned output windings in the relevant group.
Patent Number: 7,005,771 Issued on 02/28/2006 to Kobayashi
| Inventors:
|
Kobayashi; Masahiro (Tokyo, JP)
|
| Assignee:
|
Minebea Co., Ltd. (JP)
|
| Appl. No.:
|
631924 |
| Filed:
|
July 31, 2003 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
| Aug 02, 2002[JP] | 2002-226302 |
| Current U.S. Class: |
310/168; 324/207.25; 318/661 |
| Current Intern'l Class: |
H02M 5/00 (20060101) |
| Field of Search: |
310/162,168-170
318/605,661
340/870.31
324/207.16,207.19,207.25
33/1P.T
|
References Cited [Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
| 3041486 | Jun., 1962 | Moffitt.
| |
| 3085192 | Apr., 1963 | Maier.
| |
| 4631510 | Dec., 1986 | Nagarkatti et al.
| |
| 4672347 | Jun., 1987 | Garcia et al.
| |
| 4733117 | Mar., 1988 | Perrins.
| |
| 5250889 | Oct., 1993 | Ezuka.
| |
| 5300884 | Apr., 1994 | Maestre.
| |
| 5446966 | Sep., 1995 | Ishizaki.
| |
| 5757182 | May., 1998 | Kitazawa.
| |
| 6137204 | Oct., 2000 | Kuwahara.
| |
| 6472841 | Oct., 2002 | Piedl et al.
| |
| Foreign Patent Documents |
| 0 294 929 | Apr., 1988 | EP.
| |
| 0 585 725 | Aug., 1993 | EP.
| |
| 877464 | Nov., 1998 | EP.
| |
| 769038 | Feb., 1957 | GB.
| |
| 10-239010 | Sep., 1998 | JP.
| |
| 10-288537 | Oct., 1998 | JP.
| |
| 2001/-191931 | Jul., 2001 | JP.
| |
| 2002/-054949 | Feb., 2002 | JP.
| |
Other References
European Search Report dated Jan. 3, 2005.
|
Primary Examiner: Mullins; Burton
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Schulte Roth & Zabel, LLP, Lutzker; Joel E., Vishev; Anna
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A variable reluctance resolver comprising multiple stator magnetic poles having
resolver exciter coils and resolver output coils, which respectively output the
X component and Y component of a rotary angle in accordance with the rotation of
a rotor, wherein:
the resolver output coils are wound such that the output voltage polarities of
the resolver output coils wound around at least 3 adjacent stator magnetic poles
are the same;
the resolver output coils are divided into at least 2 or a greater even number
of groups;
the resolver output coils within each group of the at least 2 or a greater even
number of groups are connected in series such that the output voltage polarities
of adjacent groups of the at least 2 or a greater even number of groups differ
with respect to one another; and
each group of the at least 2 or a greater even number of groups has outermost
output coils and output coils between the outermost output coils wherein the number
of turns of each of the outermost output coils is less than the number of turns
of the output coils between the outermost output coils to reduce the effect of
external magnetic flux.
2. The variable reluctance resolver according to claim 1 wherein the outermost
coils have the same number of turns.
3. The variable reluctance resolver according to claim 1 wherein the outermost
coils of adjacent groups have the same number of turns.
4. The variable reluctance resolver according to claim 1 wherein the variable
reluctance resolver has an axis multiple angle of 7, an excitation pole pair count
of 5, an output pole pair count of 2, and a stator magnetic pole count of 20, wherein
all output coils are divided into 4 groups, one group of the 4 groups includes
output coils wound around 5 adjacent stator magnetic poles such that the polarity
of output voltages in the group is the same, and the output coils in each of the
four groups are serially connected so that the output voltage polarities of adjacent
groups are different.
5. The variable reluctance resolver according to claim 4 wherein each group has
two outermost output coils and three output coils between the outermost output
coils and wherein the number of turns of each of the outermost output coils is
less than the number of turns of the three output coils between the outermost output
coils to thereby reduce the effect of external magnetic flux.
6. The variable reluctance resolver according to claim 5 wherein the outermost
coils of adjacent groups have the same number of turns.
7. The variable reluctance resolver according to claim 5 wherein the two outermost
coils have the same number of turns.
8. The variable reluctance resolver according to claim 5 wherein the three output
coils between the outermost output coil include a middle coil between two adjacent
output coils and wherein the middle coil has more turns than the two adjacent coils.
9. A variable reluctance resolver comprising a rotor, a stator body having a
plurality of stator magnetic poles, resolver exciter coils wound around the plurality
of stator magnetic poles, and resolver output coils wound around the plurality
of stator magnetic poles for outputting the X and Y components of a rotary angle
of the rotor, wherein:
the resolver output coils are wound such that the output voltage polarities of
the resolver output coils wound around at least 3 adjacent stator magnetic poles
are the same;
the resolver output coils are divided into 2 or a greater even number of groups;
the resolver output coils within each group of the at least 2 or a greater even
number of groups are connected in series such that the output voltage polarities
of adjacent groups of the at least 2 or a greater even number of groups differ
with respect to one another; and
each group of the at least 2 or a greater even number of groups has outermost
output coils and output coils between the outermost output coils wherein the number
of turns of each of the outermost output coils is less than the number of turns
of the output coils between the outermost output coils to reduce the effect of
external magnetic flux.
10. The variable reluctance resolver according to claim 9 further comprising
an axis multiple angle of 7, an excitation pole pair count of 5, an output pole
pair count of 2, and a stator magnetic pole count of 20, wherein all output coils
are divided into 4 groups, one group of the 4 groups includes output coils wound
around 5 adjacent stator magnetic poles such that the polarity of output voltages
in the group is the same, and the output coils in each of the four groups are serially
connected so that the output voltage polarities of adjacent groups are different.
11. The variable reluctance resolver according to claim 10 wherein each group
has two outermost output coils and three output coils between the outermost output
coils and wherein the number of turns of each of the outermost output coils is
less than the number of turns of the three output coils between the outermost output
coils to thereby reduce the effect of external magnetic flux.
12. The variable reluctance resolver according to claim 11 wherein the outermost
coils of adjacent groups have the same number of turns.
13. The variable reluctance resolver according to claim 11 wherein the two outermost
coils have the same number of turns.
14. A variable reluctance resolver comprising a rotor, a stator body having a
plurality of stator magnetic poles, resolver exciter coils wound around the plurality
of stator magnetic poles, and resolver output coils for outputting the X and Y
components of a rotary angle of the rotor wound around the stator magnetic poles
and having a multiple angle of 7, an excitation pole pair count of at least 5,
an output pole pair count wherein the excitation pole pair count and the output
pole pair count add or subtract to equal the multiple angle of 7, and a stator
magnetic pole count of 20, wherein all output coils are divided into 4 groups,
one group of the 4 groups includes output coils wound around 5 adjacent stator
magnetic poles such that the polarity of output voltages in the group is the same,
and the output coils in each of the four groups are serially connected so that
the output voltage polarities of adjacent groups are different.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-226302
filed on Aug. 2, 2002.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a variable reluctance resolver, and in particular
to a variable reluctance resolver in which the effect of external magnetism on
output voltage is small.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A resolver is one type of a detection device for detecting the rotary position
of a rotating machine such as a motor or a generator. Resolvers are widely used
as rotary position detection devices for rotary machinery used under poor conditions,
due to their ability to be used in harsher environments than encoders equipped
with Hall elements or phototransistors. Resolvers of this type are typically disposed
in positions adjacent to exciter coils such as motors or generators arrayed within
a case. For that reason, electromagnetic noise generated by the excitation current
which flows to the excitation coils in motors or generators can sometimes be superimposed
onto the resolver stator excitation coils or output coils so that an accurate rotary
position cannot be detected.
One type of resolver is a variable reluctance resolver structured such that excitation
coils and output coils are wound not on the rotor, but on the same multiple magnetic
poles of the resolver stator, and multiple stator magnetic pole output coils are
serially connected to obtain a single output coil output. Such variable reluctance
resolvers, as shown in FIG. 10, are provided with multiple stator magnetic poles
51 on the stator 5, multiple teeth 55 on the rotor 52,
excitation coil 53, output coil 54X which outputs the rotor X directional
component, and the output coil 54Y which outputs the rotor Y axis component
are wound on the same pole of the relevant stator magnetic poles 51.
As shown in FIG. 11, the variable reluctance resolver is used, for example, with
the output coil 54X, which outputs the X directional component of the rotor
52, and the output coil 54Y, which outputs the Y directional component
of the rotor 52, connected to a resolver digital circuit 30, which
produces a digital output corresponding to the resolver rotational angle. In said
variable reluctance resolver, the relationship between the axis multiple angle
N (the cycle count for the output voltage obtained in one revolution of the rotor
52), the area P (excitation pole pairs), the area Q (output pole pairs),
and the slot (output magnetic pole) number S is expressed as shown below. In Expression
1, the amount± is appropriately determined in accordance with the multiple
angle N.
N=(
P±Q) (Expression 1)
S=2
*m*P (Expression 2)
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, an explanation is given
below for a conventional variable reluctance resolver using FIG. 11. For the output
of the output coil 54X, which outputs the rotor's X directional component
when the direction of magnetization produced by the voltage induced at the output
coil 54X by the excitation coil 53 has the same direction of magnetization
as the excitation coil 53, the voltage ENS induced on a selected one of
the poles is as shown in Expression 3, where the A.C. voltage VP applied to the
excitation coil 53 is E sin ωt. Here ω is the angular frequency,
expressed as 2π. f is a frequency, and "a" and "b" are constants determined
by the excitation coil 53, the output coil 54X, and the characteristics
of the rotor and the stator.
ENS=(
a+b sin θ)×
E sin ω
t (Expression 3)
When the direction of magnetization created by the voltage induced in the output
coil 54X by the excitation coil 53 differs in direction from the
excitation coil 53 magnetization, the voltage ENN induced on a selected
single pole is expressed by Expression 4.
ENN=(-
a+b sin θ)×
E sin ω
t (Expression 4)
The relationship between the excitation coil 53 wound on a freely selected
pole and the output coil 54X is as shown below. That is to say, the excitation
coil 53 is wound in such a way that magnetic poles N and S occur alternately,
one pole at a time, and the output coil 54X is wound in such a way that
the N pole and S pole occur as a bipole combination. In other words, when a first
pole excitation coil 53 is an N pole, the first and second poles of the
output coil 54X will be N poles, and the third and fourth poles will be
S poles, which will be thereafter repeated. The same is true of the output coil 54Y.
When the first and second poles of an output coil wound in this structure are
serially connected, the voltage generated by poles 1 and 2, V12,
changes from Expressions 3 and 4 to Expression 5.
V12=(
a+b sin θ)×
E sin ω
t+(-
a+b
sin θ)×
E sin ω
t (Expression 5)
Similarly, the voltage V34 in Expression 6 is generated by poles
3 and 4.
V34=-(
a+b sin θ)×
E sin ω
t-(-
a+b
sin θ)×
E sin ω
t (Expression 6)
Summarizing Expressions 5 and 6, the constant "a" term is canceled when
adjacent poles are serially connected, and the voltages V12 and V34
as shown in Expression 7 are obtained.
V12=2
b sin θ×
E sin ω
t=-V34 (Expression 7)
Therefore in the case of a multiple of 2 poles, the constant "a" cancels
when all pole output coils are serially connected, and the output coil 54X
output voltage VS is given by Expression 8. Here, KK is a constant determined by
the constant "b" ("B") and the number of poles; with a number of poles NN. This
is shown in Expression 9.
VS=KK sin θ×
E sin ω
t (Expression 8)
KK=NN×B (Expression 9)
Therefore, as shown in Expression 10, an output is obtained which corresponds
to the change in the rotor rotational angle θ.
VS=NN×B×sin θ×
E sin ω
t (Expression 10)
Similarly, an output voltage for the output coil 54Y is obtained,
each output is applied to the resolver digital circuit 30, and an angle
is measured.
As described above, the variable reluctance resolver obtained by winding an excitation
coil and an output coil around the same pole of the stator, and connecting the
output coils of multiple poles serially as the output of one output coil is used
in both motors and generators, etc. When a magnetic field is applied from outside
the resolver, there are frequent cases in which a magnetic flux caused by the external
magnetic field mixes in with the aforementioned stator of the variable reluctance
resolver. The external magnetic flux induces a voltage on each of the variable
reluctance resolver stator coils; each of these is respectively added, generating
an induced voltage on the output coil, affecting the output VS shown in Expression
10 and degrading the accuracy of the variable reluctance resolver.
Below is explained the effect of the external magnetic flux on the variable
reluctance resolver output coil using FIGS. 12 through 14. In the variable reluctance
resolver shown in FIG. 12, the excitation voltage causes a voltage of same polarity
S to be induced on the output coil (not shown) wound on stator magnetic poles 510
through 515 (referred to as the G1 output coil); another output coil
(not shown) is wound on stator magnetic poles 516 through 521 (referred
to as the G2 output coil) in order to induce a voltage having the same polarity
N, different from the previous polarity S. Next, explained is the case in which
an external magnetic flux φ is introduced from the axial X0 direction
to the stator 5 within the variable reluctance resolver. The axis Y0
is the axis perpendicular to the axis X0.
As shown in FIG. 12, a voltage of the same polarity S is induced on the G1
output coil by the excitation voltage, and each output coil is wound in such a
way that the same polarity N, different from the previous polarity S, is induced
on the G2 output coil. When an external magnetic flux φ is mixed in
from the axial X0 direction, the directions of the external magnetic flux
φ operating on the left and right sides of the axis Y0 (the G1
output coil and G2 output coil) are mutually opposing directions. For G2,
an external magnetic flux φ mixes in from the outer side of the stator 5;
for G1 an external magnetic flux φ mixes in on the inside of the stator
5, which is to say the tip of each stator magnetic pole. As a result, the
G2 output coil is wound in such a way as to have the opposite polarity to
the G1 output coil polarity, but the voltage induced on the G1 and
G2 output coils have the same polarity (N) and N, which are respectively
added and output. In other words, all of the output wires are affected by external
magnetic fluxes.
The effect of external magnetic flux on the output coil in a variable reluctance
resolver having an output coil with a number of fixed magnetic pole teeth different
from FIG. 12, in which, as in FIG. 13, the axial multiple angle is 5 and the number
of fixed magnetic poles is 20, is as shown below. In the variable reluctance resolver
of FIG. 13, an output coil (not shown) is wound in such a way that a same polarity
S voltage is induced on the output coil (called the group A output coil) wound
around a pair of 2 adjacent stator magnetic poles (for example stator magnetic
poles 611 and 612) and a voltage of polarity N different from the
group A output coil polarity S is induced on the output coil (called the group
B output coil) wound around a group of 2 stator magnetic poles adjacent to group
A. As shown below, the group A output coil and group B output coil are alternately
wound, with 2 adjacent stator magnetic poles forming one group.
The effect imparted on an output coil by the external magnetic flux φ when
an external magnetic flux φ is mixed into the stator 5 from the axis
X0 direction (the horizontal direction between the stator magnetic poles
624, 625) in the variable reluctance resolver is now explained in
connection with FIG. 13. Axis Y0 is perpendicular to the axis X0.
As shown in FIG. 13, a same polarity S voltage is induced in each of the group
A output coils by the excitation voltage applied to the excitation coil, and a
voltage of same polarity N, different from the polarity S, is induced in each of
the group B output coils. However, when the external magnetic flux φ is introduced
from the axis X0 direction, the external magnetic flux φ directions
on the left and right side of the axis Y0 are mutually opposing directions
(on the left side of the axis Y0, the external magnetic flux φ mixes
in from the outside of the stator 5, and on the right side of the axis Y0,
the external magnetic flux φ mixes in from the inside of the stator 5,
which is to say from the tip of each stator magnetic pole).
Therefore, the output coils are wound in such a way that the voltages
induced in each output coil by the voltages applied to the excitation coil have
the same polarity for each Group A output coil, and have the same polarity for
each output coil in Group B within the applicable group, but for the induced voltage
with respect to the external magnetic flux φ the direction of external magnetic
flux with respect to the output coil is different between the left and right sides
of the axis Y0. In other words, the polarity of the induced voltage in the
output coil wound on the right side of the axis Y0 reverses and becomes
the opposite polarity (shown respectively by the letters (S) and (N)). As a result,
the induced voltages generated by the external magnetic flux φ cancel one
another out between the adjacent output coils on the same side as axis Y0,
or between the output coils positioned to mutually face the axis X0 (for
example, between the output coils 629 and 620 as indicated by the
dotted line K).
Meanwhile, the case when the external magnetic flux φ is introduced
into the stator 5 from an angle and axis X0 direction (the horizontal
direction between the stator magnetic poles 625, 626) that is different
from the angle shown in FIG. 13 is shown in FIG. 14. That is, the induced voltage
generated by the external magnetic flux φ is not canceled between the adjacent
output coils on the same side as axis Y0, or between the output coils positioned
to mutually face the X0 axis, whereas the voltage induced between the group
A output coils (for example, between output coils 628 and 629) do
mutually cancel one another. However, the external magnetic flux φ and the
stator magnetic pole angle differ in said mutually canceling output coils (for
example, between output coils 628 and 629), and therefore the proportion
of external magnetic flux φ mixing differs. As a result, the induced voltage
remains within each group without being canceled.
The winding is such that the voltages produced by excitation voltages applied
to excitation coils have respectively opposite N and S polarities in output coils
610, 621 and output coils 611, 620, but the directions
of the external magnetic flux φ which works on output coils 610, 621
and output coils 611, 620 are respectively reversed, since the external
magnetic flux φ direction is reversed. As a result, the output coils 610,
621 and 611, 620 have the opposite polarities N, S, but the
voltages excited in both coils respectively each take on the same polarity N (N);
each is respectively added together, and the output coils 610, 611,
620, 621 (the output coils outlined by reference numeral K1)
directly receive the effect of the external magnetic flux.
In other words, as shown in FIG. 13, voltages of the same polarity S are induced
on a selected group of output coils, taking 2 adjacent stator magnetic poles as
one group, and in the variable reluctance resolver, in which output coils are alternately
wound in such a way that voltage[s] of the same polarity N, different from said
polarity S, are induced in the output coils in another group adjacent to said selected
group, the degree of effect therefrom is different according to the direction from
which the external magnetic flux φ mixes.
Various magnetic shields for magnetic shield placement on various parts are
disclosed in order to resolve the negative effects arising from external magnetic
fields received by said resolver. For example, there is the invention disclosed
in Laid Open Patent Publication 2001-191931, in which the motor stator and the
resolver stator are affixed within the same housing, and a hollow, disk-shaped
magnetic shield part is disposed between said motor stator and said resolver stator.
However, said magnetic shield requires a shield part with low magnetic resistance.
Such shield materials are expensive, and shielding the variable reluctance resolver
causes the device to increase in size. Furthermore, it is necessary to know the
direction of the external magnetic flux and to place the magnetic shield where
it will be effective, but there are many cases in which it is difficult to determine
said effective position. At the same time, if a magnetic shield is not provided,
the effect of external magnetic flux will be received by all the output coils in
output coils such as shown in FIG. 12, and, in output coils such as shown
in FIG. 13, and problems will arise such as different output coils receiving the
effect due to the direction in which the external magnetic flux mixes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to resolve problems in the prior art resolvers
by providing a variable reluctance resolver equipped with an output coil with reduced
susceptibility to the effects of external magnetic flux.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a variable reluctance
resolver that eliminates the effects of external magnet flux by having output coils
wound such that the polarities of output voltages on the output coils wound around
3 or more stator magnetic poles are the same and all of the output coils are divided
into an even number of groups.
Accordingly, a variable reluctance resolver is provided having multiple
stator magnetic poles having resolver exciter coils and resolver output coils,
which respectively output the X component and Y component of a rotary angle in
accordance with the rotation of a rotor, wherein the resolver output coils are
wound such that the output voltage polarities of output coils wound around at least
3 adjacent stator magnetic poles are the same, all the resolver output coils are
divided into at least 2 or a greater even number of groups, and resolver output
coils within each of the at least 2 or a greater even number of groups are connected
in series such that output voltage polarities of adjacent groups differ with respect
to one another.
In a further aspect, each group has outermost output coils and output coils between
the outermost output coils and the number of turns of each of the outermost output
coils is less than the number of turns of the output coils in between to thereby
reduce the effect of external magnetic flux.
In a further aspect, the variable reluctance resolver has an axis multiple angle
of 7, an excitation pole pair count of 5, an output pole pair count of 2, and a
stator magnetic pole count of 20, wherein all output coils are divided into 4 groups,
one group includes output coils wound around 5 adjacent stator magnetic poles such
that the polarity of output voltages in the group is the same, and the output coils
in each of the four groups are serially connected so that the output voltage polarities
of adjacent groups are different.
Further features and advantages of the present invention will become evident
to one skilled in the art upon reading of the detailed description of the invention,
which is given below by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying
drawings, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a fuller understanding of the invention, reference is made to the following
description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting the polarity of output coils in the variable reluctance
resolver of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting the effects of external magnetic flux on the variable
reluctance resolver output coils in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting the effect of external magnetic flux on the output
coils when the angle at which external magnetic flux is introduced differs from
the angle shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting the effect of external magnetic flux on the output
coils when the angle at which external magnetic flux is introduced differs from
the angle shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a table showing the relationship between the axis multiple angle,
the number of excitation pole pairs, the number of output pole pairs, and the number
of slots in a variable reluctance resolver according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting the necessity for having two (2) or a greater
even number of groups according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting the effect of external magnetic flux on the output
coils when the angle at which external magnetic flux is introduced differs from
the angle shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8A shows the stator magnetic pole numbers;
FIG. 8B shows the number of excitation coils wound around the stator magnetic
poles shown in FIG. 8A;
FIG. 8C shows the number of output coils wound around the stator magnetic poles;
FIG. 9 is a graph comparing the performance of the embodiment shown in FIG.
8 to a conventional variable reluctance resolver;
FIG. 10 is a diagram depicting a conventional variable reluctance resolver;
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the conventional variable reluctance resolver in use;
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the polarities of voltages produced in output coils
wound around multiple stator magnetic poles formed on the stator of a conventional
variable reluctance resolver;
FIG. 13 is a diagram depicting the effect of external magnetic flux on output
coils wound around stator magnetic poles different in number from that shown in
FIG. 12, formed on a conventional variable reluctance resolver stator; and
FIG. 14 is a diagram depicting the effect of external magnetic flux on output
coils when the angles of external magnetic flux introduction differ.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
For ease of understanding, the variable reluctance resolver shown in FIG. 1 of
a preferred embodiment is described, in which the axial multiple angle is 7, the
number of excitation pole pairs is 5, the number of output pole pairs is 2, and
the number of stator magnetic poles is 20. Like the stator shown in FIG. 13, the
stator
5 in FIG. 1, has 20 stator magnetic poles
610 through
629
formed on the stator
5, but the configuration of the output coils wound
around the stator magnetic poles differs as follows. First, explained is the polarity
of the output coils.
In FIG. 1, the stator magnetic poles
610 through
614,
615
through
619,
620 through
624, and
625 through
629
are respectively divided into 4 groups: Group
1 (G
1), Group
2
(G
2), Group
3 (G
3), and Group
4 (G
4). In each
of these groups, winding is done such that within G
1, G
2, G
3,
and G
4 he polarity of the output voltages of each said output coil (not
shown) will be the same due to the excitation voltage, and each is respectively
serially connected. Also, the output voltages of the output coils respectively
serially connected within G
1 and G
3 will output a same polarity S
voltage due to the excitation voltage. Similarly, the output voltages of the output
coils respectively serially connected within G
2 and G
4 will output
a voltage of polarity N opposite to said G
1 and G
3 due to the excitation voltage.
As described above, there are respectively 5 stator magnetic poles within each
of the groups (G
1, G
2, G
3, G
4), and the number of turns
of the output coils positioned on the outsides of each of the adjacent said groups
is smaller than the number of turns of the output coils positioned to the inside
of said outside stator magnetic poles. For example, in the group G
1, the
number of turns of the output coils wound around the outside stator magnetic poles
610 and
614 positioned adjacent groups G
4 and G
2, respectively,
is fewer than the number of turns of the output coils wound on the stator magnetic
poles
611 and
613 positioned to the inside of said stator magnetic
poles
610 and
614. Similarly, the number of turns of the output coils
wound around the stator magnetic poles
611 and
613 adjacent G
4
and G
2 is smaller than the number of turns of the output coils wound around
the stator magnetic pole
612 positioned to the inside of said stator magnetic
poles
611 and
613. The same is true below with respect to G
2,
G
3, and G
4. By thus making the number of turns of the output coil
positioned on each adjacent said group smaller than the number of turns of the
output coil positioned to the inside of said stator magnetic pole within the relevant
group, the output voltage shown in Expression 10 due to the excitation voltage
becomes smooth, and the accuracy of the variable reluctance resolver is improved.
The effect of external magnetic flux φ on the output coils of the variable
reluctance resolver wound as described above is explained using FIGS. 2 through
4. FIG. 2 explains the case in which external magnetic flux φ from outside
the variable reluctance resolver stator
5 is mixed into stator
5
from the axis X
0 direction (the horizontal direction between stator magnetic
poles
624,
625). Axis Y
0 is perpendicular to axis X
0.
As shown in FIG. 2, voltages of the same polarity S are induced in the G
1
and G
3 output coils by the excitation voltage applied to the excitation
coils, and a polarity N voltage different from said polarity S is induced on the
G
2 and G
4 output coils, so the induced voltage from the external
magnetic flux φ works similarly. In other words, in G
4 and G
3
the external magnetic flux φ mixes in from outside of stator
5, and
in G
1 and G
2 the external magnetic flux φ mixes in from the
inside of stator
5, which is to say the tip of each stator magnetic pole.
The output coils are wound in such a way that voltages induced in each output coil
have the same polarity S for each G
1 and G
3 output coil, and have
a polarity N (opposite to the polarity S of G
1 and G
3) for each of
the output coils in G
2 and G
4, but there is a difference between
the left and right sides with respect to the external magnetic flux φ. That
is to say, the polarity of the output coil wound on the right side of axis Y
0
reverses and takes the opposite polarity (shown by the letters (S), (N) respectively).
As a result, the voltages induced in the G
1 and G
3 output coils and
the G
2 and G
4 output coils are mutually canceled between the output
coils positioned so as to be mutually facing with respect to the center of the
stator
5.
In FIG. 3, an example in which an external magnetic flux φ is mixed into
the stator
5 from a different direction to FIG. 2 (the horizontal direction
between stator magnetic poles
625,
626) is shown. That is, using
axis Y
0 as a dividing line, the direction in which the external magnetic
flux φ works on the output coil to the left and right is the opposite direction.
Therefore the voltage induced in the output coil by the external magnetic flux
φ reverses on the right side, taking axis Y
0 as a dividing line (respectively
shown by the legends (S), (N)). As a result, the voltages induced in the output
coil cancel one another between the output coils positioned so as to mutually face
one another centered on the stator
5 (for example, the output coils wound
around the stator magnetic poles
629 and
619 shown by the letter
K). Similarly, the voltages induced between the output coils wound around the stator
magnetic poles
614 and
624 also cancel one another out. The same
is true for other output coils. In other words, even if an external magnetic flux
φ mixes in from a given angle, there is always an output coil in which the
induced voltage is canceled.
In FIG. 4, an example in which an external magnetic flux φ is mixed into
the stator
5 from an angle or direction differing from FIGS. 2 and 3 (the
horizontal direction between stator magnetic poles
626,
627) is shown.
That is, taking axis Y
0 as a dividing line, the direction of the external
magnetic flux φ which works on the output coils on the left and right side
thereof is the opposite direction. Regarding voltages induced in the output coils,
while the G
1 and G
3 output coils have the same polarity S, and the
G
2 and G
4 output coils have a different polarity N, the output coil
polarity on the right side of axis Y
0, similar to what is described above,
has the opposite polarity due to the external magnetic flux φ (respectively
shown by letters (S), (N)). As a result, voltages induced by the external magnetic
flux φ cancel one another in the output coils positioned in mutual opposition
with respect to the center of stator
5 (for example, between the output
coils wound around the stator magnetic poles
629 and
619, or between
the output coils wound around the stator magnetic poles
614 and
625,
indicated by the letter K). In other words, even if an external magnetic flux φ
mixes in from the relevant angle, in one of the output coils there is always an
output coil in which the induced voltage is canceled.
As is shown in FIG. 1, due to the winding of the output coils there is always
an output coil in which induced voltages are canceled, no matter from which direction
the external magnetic flux is introduced, so that even if the external magnetic
flux φ and the stator magnetic pole angles differ in said mutually canceling
output coils, the induced voltages will mutually cancel due to the output coils
(having the same number of turns) positioned symmetrically with respect to the
stator
5 center. As a result, even if the angle at which the external magnetic
flux φ mixes in differs due to the stator magnetic pole, or the proportion
of external magnetic flux φ differs according to output coil due to differences
in magnetic circuit magnetic resistance, or the variable reluctance resolver is
provided with output coils having numbers of turns different from above, the induced
voltages will be canceled.
FIG. 5 explains the case in which, the output coils are wound around a row of
3 or more stator magnetic poles so that the output voltages have the same polarity,
all the output coils are divided into 2 or more groups, and output coils are respectively
serially connected so that the aforesaid adjacent group output voltages polarities
mutually differ, with (O) showing the case where induced voltages are canceled,
and (X) the case where they are not. In other words, it explains the necessity
of division into 2 or a greater even number of groups.
Using the relationship between axis multiple angle N, the number of excitation
pole pairs P, the number of output pole pairs Q, and the number of slots (output
magnetic poles) S shown in Expressions 1 and 2, the case in which axis multiple
angle N=7 is explained. Using Expressions 1 and 2, P, Q, and S are determined such
that 7=(P±Q). However, said ± amount is appropriately determined by the
axis multiple angle N. When the number of output pole pairs Q is an even number,
there are always output coils that mutually cancel, and therefore the induced voltages
are canceled (shown by "O"). However, when the number of output pole pairs Q is
odd, there are cases in which, depending on the angle at which the external magnetic
flux φ mixes, there are no output coils that mutually cancel, and the induced
voltage will continuously not be canceled (shown by the "X"). For example, in the
case of N=7, P=4, Q=3, and S=8k, which is to say the case in which the number of
output pole pairs Q is odd, the fact that the induced voltage is not canceled is
explained using FIG. 6.
In FIG. 6, rows of four stator magnetic poles
710 through
713,
714
through
717,
718 through
721,
722 through
725,
726 through
729, and
730 through
733 are respectively
divided into 6 groups, Group
1 (G
1), Group
2 (G
2),
Group
3 (G
3), Group
4 (G
4), Group
5 (G
5),
and Group
6 (G
6) so as to satisfy Expressions 1 and 2. In each of
the aforesaid groups, each output coil not shown is wound such that in groups G
1,
G
2, G
3, G
4, G
5, and G
6 the polarity of the output
voltage in each output coil due to the excitation voltage applied to the excitation
coil will be the same, and each is respectively serially connected. Also, the output
voltage of the output coils respectively serially connected in each of the aforementioned
G
1, G
3, and G
5 will output a same N polarity voltage. Similarly,
the output voltages of the output coils respectively serially connected in each
of G
2, G
4, and G
6 have the same polarity, and output an S
polarity voltage opposite to the aforementioned G
1, G
3, and G
5.
FIG. 6 explains the case in which an external magnetic flux φ is introduced
from outside the variable reluctance resolver stator
5 to the stator
5
from the axis X
0 direction (the horizontal direction between the stator
magnetic poles
729,
730). Axis Y
0 is perpendicular to axis
X
0. As shown in FIG. 6, the winding is such that voltages of the same polarity
N are induced in the G
1, G
3, and G
5 output coils by the excitation
voltage, and voltages of polarity S, different from the aforementioned N polarity,
are induced in the G
2, G
4 and G
6 output coils. However, an
external magnetic flux φ is introduced from outside the stator
5 to
the left side of axis Y
0, and an external magnetic flux φ is introduced
from the inside of the stator
5, which is to say the tip of each stator
magnetic pole, to the right side of axis Y
0. As a result, the voltage induced
on each output coil differs between the left and right sides of the axis Y
0
with respect to the external magnetic flux φ. In other words, the polarity
of the output coil wound around the right side of the axis inverts due to the external
magnetic flux φ and acts so as to generate an induced voltage of opposite
polarity (shown respectively by (S) and (N)). As a result, the aforementioned induced
voltages cancel one another between the output coils positioned so as to mutually
oppose one another at left and right with respect to the axis Y
0 (for example,
the output coils wound around the stator magnetic poles
728 and
719
shown by letter K).
However, as shown in FIG. 7, an example in which the external magnetic flux
φ is introduced to the stator
5 from in a direction different from
the angle shown in FIG. 6 (the horizontal direction between the stator magnetic
poles
723,
724) is described. Similar to the previous example, in
the output coils wound around the stator magnetic poles
710 through
715,
720 through
727, and
732 through
733, output coils
are present which mutually cancel one another due to the stator magnetic poles
as indicated by the dotted lines, but for the output coils wound around
716
through
719 and
728 through
731 and identified by the dotted
lines E, there are no mutually canceling output coils, and the induced voltages
caused by the external magnetic flux φ are respectively added.
As shown in FIG. 5, when the number of output pole pairs Q is 3 (odd), there
are
cases in which there are no mutually canceling output coils due to the angle at
which the external magnetic flux φ is introduced, and induced voltages are
not canceled. For the case in which N is 7 and P, Q are 4, 3, Expression 1 is satisfied
but Expression 2 is not satisfied, as S=8k. In this case, the variable reluctance
resolver cannot be realized, and is beyond the scope of consideration. In the case
in which P and Q are respectively 14 and 7, and the number of slots S is 28k, a
variable reluctance resolver with an N of 7 can be realized. However the number
of slots S is large at 28k, which is not practical when the difficulty and cost
of manufacturing are considered. In this case the number of adjacent stator magnetic
poles is 2; each has respectively the same polarity, and the output coils on the
2 stator magnetic poles for smoothing the output voltage shown in Expression 10
have the same number of turns.
Embodiments of the variable reluctance resolver of the present invention
are explained below. For the present embodiment, the stator magnetic pole number
and specifications for the excitation coil and the output coil wound thereon are
shown in FIG. 8. In the figure, + or - indicates the polarity of the voltage produced
by the coil. In the present embodiment, the multiple angle N, number of excitation
pole pairs P, number of output pole pairs Q, and number of slots (output magnetic
poles) S are respectively 7, 5, 2, and 20. Excitation coils are respectively wound
around each stator magnetic pole 39 times so that the polarity of the output voltage
on the excitation coil wound around the 2 unit (for example stator magnetic pole
numbers
1 and
2) stator group of multiple adjacent stator magnetic
poles is the same (-), and the output voltages from the group of excitation coils
adjacent to the aforementioned group of excitation coils (stator magnetic pole
numbers
3,
4 and
19,
20) have respectively different
polarities (+) as shown in FIG. 8(
b). The group adjacent to the said multiple
stator magnetic pole is not limited to 2 in number; it need only be such that the
number of excitation pole pairs P is 5.
In FIG. 8(
c), the output coils are wound so that, as shown in FIG. 1,
the
polarities of the output voltage of the aforementioned output coils wound around
a row of 5 stator magnetic poles are the same; taking the output coils for which
the aforementioned output voltage polarities are the same as one group, all of
the output coils are divided into 4 groups G
1, G
2, G
3, and
G
4. Output coils in the same group are respectively serially connected so
that the aforementioned adjacent group output voltage polarities mutually differ.
In FIG. 8(
c), G
1 consists of stator magnetic pole numbers
1-
5,
G
2 consists of pole numbers
6-
10, G
3 consists of pole
number
11-
15, and G
4 consists of pole numbers
16-
20.
Also, the number of turns of the output coils wound around the stator magnetic
poles positioned on the side of each of the adjacent aforementioned groups is fewer
than the number of turns of the output coils wound around the stator magnetic poles
positioned on the inside of the aforementioned stator magnetic poles within the
relevant group. For example, as shown in FIG. 8(
c) for the stator magnetic
pole numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the number of turns are 72, 189, 234, 189, and 72, respectively.
FIG. 9 shows a comparison of characteristics between the conventional variable
reluctance resolver shown in FIG. 12 and the embodiment of the present invention
shown in FIG. 8. The induced voltage produced in the output coil by the external
magnetic flux along the vertical axis and the change in frequency of the aforementioned
external magnetic flux on the horizontal axis are respectively shown by the reference
numbers i and ii. As is clear from FIG. 9, the induced voltage caused by external
magnetic flux according to the variable reluctance resolver of the present invention
is reduced to approximately 1/10th compared to a conventional variable reluctance
resolver. A known magnetic shield may be applied to the variable reluctance resolver
of the present invention, which of course would result in a further diminution
of the effects of external magnetic fields.
According to the variable reluctance resolver of the present invention,
output coils wound in such a way that the voltages of output coils wound around
a row of 3 or more stator magnetic poles have the same polarity are taken to be
a single group. All the output coils are divided into an even number of groups,
2 or more, and output coils are respectively serially connected so that the aforementioned
adjacent group output voltage polarities mutually differ. By making the number
of turns of the output coils wound around the stator magnetic poles positioned
on the side of each adjacent group smaller than the number of turns of the output
coils wound around the stator magnetic poles positioned on the inside of the aforementioned
stator magnetic poles in the relevant group, the effect of external magnetic flux
introduced from outside can be reduced. There is also little effect with respect
to the direction of the introduced external magnetic flux. As a result, it becomes
acceptable to eliminate the magnetic shield conventionally required, or to use
a simple magnetic shield or, by using a shield, to improve performance in comparison
with a conventional variable reluctance resolver. It is also possible to achieve
a variable reluctance resolver with smooth output voltage change and high precision.
Furthermore, the effect of external magnetic flux introduced from outside can be
reduced even with a small number of stator magnetic poles, making the variable
reluctance resolver easier to manufacture and permitting costs to be reduced.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been described,
it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications
may be made without departing from this invention in its broader aspect and, therefore,
the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications
that fall within the true sprit and scope of this invention.
*
